Palakkad Assembly constituency

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Palakkad
Constituency No. 56 for the Kerala Legislative Assembly
From top clockwise:
IMA Junction, near KSRTC Bus Stand, Chandranagar roundabout, aerial view from Olavakkode, Palakkad City night view
Constituency details
CountryIndia
RegionSouth India
StateKerala
DistrictPalakkad
Established1951
Total electors1,94,706 (2024)
ReservationNone
Member of Legislative Assembly
15th Kerala Legislative Assembly
Incumbent
Party INC
Alliance  UDF
Elected year2024

Palakkad Assembly constituency, formerly known as Palghat Assembly constituency, is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India. It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Palakkad Lok Sabha constituency.[1]

Local self-governed segments

[edit]

Palakkad Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:[2]

Sl no. Name Status (Gram panchayat/municipality) Taluk
1 Palakkad Municipality Palakkad
2 Kannadi Grama panchayat Palakkad
3 Pirayiri Grama panchayat Palakkad
4 Mathur Grama panchayat Alathur

Members of the Legislative Assembly

[edit]

The following list contains all members of Kerala Legislative Assembly who have represented Palakkad Assembly constituency during the period of various assemblies:[3]

Election Niyama

Sabha

Name Party Tenure
Madras State
1952 1st K. Ramakrishnan Independent politician 1952 – 1957
Kerala State
1957 1st R. Raghava Menon Indian National Congress 1957 – 1960
1960 2nd 1960 – 1965
1967 3rd R. Krishnan Communist Party of India 1967 – 1970
1970 4th 1970 – 1977
1977 5th C. M. Sundaram Praja Socialist Party 1977 – 1980
1980 6th 1980 – 1982
1982 7th 1982 – 1987
1987 8th 1987 – 1991
1991 9th Indian National Congress 1991 – 1996
1996 10th T. K. Noushad Communist Party of India 1996 – 2001
2001 11th K. Sankaranarayanan Indian National Congress 2001 – 2006
2006 12th K. K. Divakaran Communist Party of India 2006 – 2011
2011 13th Shafi Parambil Indian National Congress 2011 – 2016
2016 14th 2016 – 2021
2021 15th 2021 – 11-June-2024
2024^ Rahul Mamkootathil 23-Nov-2024–present

^by-election

Election history

[edit]
Election Votes polled Winner Runner-up 1 Runner-up 2 Margin of victory
Year Name Party Votes Name Party Votes Name Party Votes Votes Percent
Kerala State
2024* 138120 (70.93%) Rahul Mamkootathil   INC 58389 42.27% C. Krishnakumar   BJP 39549 28.63% P. Sarin   LDF 37293 24.52% 18,840 13.64 %
2021 142104 Shafi Parambil   INC 54079 38.06% E. Sreedharan   BJP 50220 35.34% C. P. Pramod   CPI(M) 36433 25.64% 3859 2.71 %
2016 137804 (77.25%) Shafi Parambil   INC 57559 41.77% Sobha Surendran   BJP 40076 29.08% N. N. Krishnadas   CPI(M) 38675 28.07% 17483 12.69%[4]
2011 112347 (72.78%) Shafi Parambil   INC 47641 42.41% K. K. Divakaran   CPI(M) 40238 35.82% C. Udaybhaskar   BJP 22317 19.86% 7403 6.59%[5]
Major delimitation of constituency
2006 111346 (71.60%) K. K. Divakaran   CPI(M) 41166 36.97% A. V. Gopinathan   INC 39822 35.76% O. Rajagopal   BJP 27667 24.85% 1344 1.21%[6]
2001 110964 (68.05%) K. Sankaranarayanan   INC 53831 48.51% T. K. Noushad   CPI(M) 43026 38.77% Rema Raghunandan   BJP 12159 10.96% 10805 9.74%[7]
1996 89872 (62.06%) T. K. Noushad   CPI(M) 39198 43.20% C. M. Sundaram   INC 38602 42.54% S. R. Balasubramanian   BJP 11446 12.61% 596 0.66%[8]
1991 91895 (66.34%) C. M. Sundaram   INC 41432 45.09% M.S. Gopalakrishnan   CPI(M) 37925 41.27% T. M. P. Iyer   BJP 10648 11.59% 3507 3.82%[9]
1987 87434 (76.18%) C. M. Sundaram   Ind. 38774 44.35% Girija Surendran   CPI(M) 32709 37.41% V. S. Muthuswamy   BJP 12489 14.28% 6065 6.94%[10]
1982 65246 (68.47%) C. M. Sundaram   Ind. 29011 44.46% N. A. Kareem   Ind. 25841 39.61% O. Rajagopal   BJP 9554 14.64% 3170 4.86%[11]
1980 62884 (60.57%) C. M. Sundaram   Ind. 35902 57.09% K. A. Chandran   INC(U) 25695 40.86% C. K. Chinnan Master   Ind. 1099 1.75% 10207 16.23%[12]
1977 60315 (74.92%) C. M. Sundaram   Ind. 30160 50.00% R. Krishnan   CPI(M) 27357 45.36% V. R. Purushothaman   Ind. 1121 1.86% 2803 4.65%[13]
Major delimitation of constituency
1970 57068 (69.92%) R. Krishnan   CPI(M) 23113 40.50% A. Chandran Nair   Ind. 17653 30.93% O. Rajagopal   BJS 15646 27.42% 5460 9.57%[14]
1967 45494 (68.75%) R. Krishnan   CPI(M) 24627 54.13% K. Sankaranarayanan   INC 14996 32.96% O. Rajagopal   BJS 4649 10.22% 9631 21.17%[15]
1965 42804 (66.23%) M. V. Vasu   CPI(M) 17747 41.46% K. Pyarijan Sunna Saheb   INC 13260 30.98% P. K. Krishnaswamy   Ind. 5279 12.33% 4487 10.48%[16]
Major delimitation of constituency
1960 51334 (80.64%) R. Raghava Menon   INC 26546 51.71% K. C. Gopalanunni   CPI 24788 48.29% Only two candidates contested 1758 3.42%[17]
1957 35179 (59.31%) R. Raghava Menon   INC 14873 42.28% M. P. Kunhiraman   CPI 14248 40.50% C. K. Moosath   Ind. 6058 17.22% 625 1.78%[18]
Madras State
1952 45555 (59.29%) K. Ramakrishnan   Ind. 26469 58.10% P. Vasu Menon   INC 14342 31.48% V. Echara Menon   Ind. 2484 5.45% 12127 26.62%[19]

Detailed election results

[edit]

Percentage change (±%) denotes the change in the number of votes from the immediate previous election.

2024 by-election

[edit]

There were 1,94,706 eligible voters in Palakkad Assembly constituency for the 2024 by-election.[20]

2024 Kerala Legislative Assembly by-election: Palakkad[21][22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
INC Rahul Mamkootathil 58,389 44.27 Increase 6.21
BJP C. Krishnakumar 39,549 28.63 Decrease 6.71
LDF P. Sarin 37,156 23.28 Decrease 2.26
NOTA None of the above 1,262 0.91 Increase 0.54
Margin of victory 18,840 13.64 Increase 10.93
Turnout 1,38,120 70.93 Decrease 4.51
INC hold Swing Increase 6.21

By local self-governed segment:

Status (Gram panchayat/municipality) Votes
UDF NDA LDF
Palakkad 31,787 27,197 16,719
Pirayiri 13,464 5,342 6,846
Mathur 6,529 3,089 6,926
Kannadi 6,272 3,618 6,665

2021

[edit]

There were 1,88,789 eligible voters in Palakkad Assembly constituency for the 2021 Kerala Assembly election.[23]

2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election: Palakkad
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
INC Shafi Parambil 54,079 38.06 Decrease3.71
BJP E. Sreedharan 50,220 35.34 Increase 6.26
CPI(M) C. P. Pramod 36,433 25.64 Decrease2.43
NOTA None of the above 528 0.37 Decrease0.15
Margin of victory 3,859 2.71 Decrease12
Turnout 1,42,104 75.44 Decrease1.81
INC hold Swing Decrease3.71

By local self-governed segment:

Status (Gram panchayat/municipality) Votes
UDF NDA LDF
Palakkad 27,905 34,143 16,455
Pirayiri 12,815 6,355 6,614
Mathur 6,445 3,960 6,475
Kannadi 5,965 4,697 6,078

2016

[edit]

There were 1,78,387 eligible voters in Palakkad Assembly constituency for the 2016 Kerala Assembly election.[24]

2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election: Palakkad
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
INC Shafi Parambil 57,559 41.77 Decrease0.64
BJP Sobha Surendran 40,076 29.08 Increase9.22
CPI(M) N. N. Krishnadas 38,675 28.07 Decrease7.75
NOTA None of the above 719 0.52 Steady
BSP Hari Arumbil 411 0.30 Decrease0.14
Independent Dr. M. N. Anwarudheen 364 0.26 Steady
Margin of victory 17,483 12.69 Increase6.10
Turnout 1,37,804 77.25 Increase4.47
INC hold Swing Decrease0.64

2011

[edit]

There were 1,54,374 eligible voters in Palakkad Assembly constituency for the 2011 Kerala Assembly election.[25]

2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election: Palakkad
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
INC Shafi Parambil 47,641 42.41 Increase6.65
CPI(M) K. K. Divakaran 40,238 35.82 Decrease1.15
BJP C. Udaybhaskar 22,317 19.86 Decrease4.98
Independent Shaji Abraham 637 0.57 Steady
BSP Hari Arumbil 490 0.44 Steady
Independent Muhammed Shafi 377 0.34 Steady
AIADMK C. Sampath 337 0.30 Steady
Independent Divakaran 310 0.28 Steady
Margin of victory 7,403 6.59 Increase5.38
Turnout 1,12,347 72.78 Increase1.2
INC gain from CPI(M) Swing Increase6.65

2006

[edit]

There were 155,550 eligible voters in Palghat Assembly constituency for the 2006 Kerala Assembly election.[26]

2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election: Palghat
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
CPI(M) K. K. Divakaran 41,166 36.97 Decrease1.8
INC A. V. Gopinathan 39,822 35.76 Decrease12.75
BJP O. Rajagopal 27,667 24.84 Increase13.88
Independent Adv. Vijaya Sarathy 765 0.68 Steady
BSP A. K. Saleem Aamayur 490 0.44 Steady
Independent A. Gopinathan 442 0.39 Steady
Independent Ravi Ezhavan 409 0.36 Steady
Independent V. V. Gopinath 329 0.29 Steady
Independent M. J. Joseph 256 0.22 Steady
Margin of victory 1,344 1.21 Decrease8.53
Turnout 111,346 71.58 Increase3.53
CPI(M) gain from INC Swing Decrease1.8

2001

[edit]

There were 163,131 eligible voters in Palghat Assembly constituency for the 2001 Kerala Assembly election.[27]

2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election: Palghat
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
INC K. Sankara Narayanan 53,831 48.51 Increase5.97
CPI(M) T. K. Noushad 43,026 38.77 Decrease4.43
BJP Adv. Rema Regunandan 12,159 10.96 Decrease1.65
Independent G. Balu 847 0.76 Steady
Independent K. Aruchamy 765 0.69 Steady
Independent M. J. Joseph 336 0.30 Steady
Margin of victory 10,805 9.74 Increase9.08
Turnout 110,964 68.05 Increase6.57
INC gain from CPI(M) Swing Increase5.97

1996

[edit]

There were 149,171 eligible voters in Palghat Assembly constituency for the 1996 Kerala Assembly election.[28]

1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election: Palghat
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
CPI(M) T. K. Noushad 39,198 43.20 Increase1.93
INC C. M. Sundaram 38,602 42.54 Decrease2.55
BJP S. R. Balasubramanian 11,446 12.61 Increase1.02
PDP C. G. Mani 400 0.44 New
Independent S. V. Iyer 414 0.45 Steady
JP M. Sivanarayanan 296 0.33 Increase0.03
Independent P. P. Memon 229 0.25 Increase0.8
Independent G. P. Ganapathi Tharakan 157 0.17 Steady
Independent P. V. Chidambareswaran 75 0.08 Steady
Margin of victory 596 0.66 Decrease3.16
Turnout 90,735 61.48 Decrease4.86
CPI(M) gain from INC Swing Increase1.93

1991

[edit]

There were 140,683 eligible voters in Palghat Assembly constituency for the 1991 Kerala Assembly election.[29]

1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election: Palghat
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
INC C. M. Sundaram 41,432 45.09 Increase0.74
CPI(M) M. S. Gopalakrishnan 37,925 41.27 Increase3.86
BJP T. M. P. Iyer 10,648 11.59 Decrease2.69
Independent A. K. Ponnan 846 0.92 Steady
Independent S. V. Iyer 414 0.45 Steady
Independent M. Sivanarayanan 278 0.30 Steady
Independent K. Appukuttan 193 0.21 Steady
Independent P. P. Memon 159 0.17 Increase0.08
Margin of victory 3,507 3.82 Decrease3.12
Turnout 91,895 66.34 Decrease9.84
INC hold Swing Increase0.74

1987

[edit]

There were 115,949 eligible voters in Palghat Assembly constituency for the 1987 Kerala Assembly election.[30]

1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election: Palghat
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent C. M. Sundaram 38,774 44.35 Decrease0.11
CPI(M) Girija Sundaram 32,709 37.41 Steady
BJP V. S. Muthuswamy 12,489 14.28 Decrease0.36
Independent V. Krishnadas 2,530 2.89 Steady
Independent P. Ramakrishnan Nair 304 0.35 Steady
Independent P. Velayudhan 233 0.27 Steady
Independent P. K. T. Kuttan 171 0.20 Steady
Independent P. P. Memon 76 0.09 Decrease0.10
Independent S. Raveendran Pillai 71 0.08 Steady
Independent K. Anpunathan 40 0.05 Steady
Independent P. M. Abdul Rahiman 37 0.04 Steady
Margin of victory 6,065 6.94 Increase2.08
Turnout 87,433 76.18 Increase7.71
Independent hold Swing Decrease0.11

1982

[edit]

There were 96,367 eligible voters in Palghat Assembly constituency for the 1982 Kerala Assembly election.[31]

1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election: Palghat
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent C. M. Sundaram 29,011 44.46 Decrease12.63
Independent N. A. Kareem 25,841 39.61 Steady
BJP O. Rajagopal 9,554 14.64 New
Independent K. Narayanakutty 147 0.23 Steady
Independent P. P. Menon 121 0.19 Steady
Independent K. K. A. Razack 118 0.18 Steady
Independent Mani 112 0.17 Steady
Independent Sivanandan Panickar 100 0.15 Steady
Independent A. T. Antony Thoma 97 0.15 Steady
Independent Manikkath Krishna Menoon 75 0.11 Steady
Independent P. Parvathy Subbaraman 70 0.11 Steady
Margin of victory 3,170 4.86 Decrease11.37
Turnout 65,246 68.47 Increase7.9
Independent hold Swing Decrease12.63

1980

[edit]

There were 104,428 eligible voters in Palghat Assembly constituency for the 1980 Kerala Assembly election.[32]

1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election: Palghat
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent C. M. Sundaram 35,902 57.09 Increase7.09
INC(U) K. A. Chandran 25,695 40.86 Steady
Independent C. K. Chinnan Master 1,099 1.75 Steady
Independent K. Appukuttan 118 0.30 Steady
Margin of victory 10,207 16.23 Increase11.58
Turnout 62,884 60.57 Decrease15.13
Independent hold Swing Increase7.09

1977

[edit]

There were 84,546 eligible voters in Palghat Assembly constituency for the 1977 Kerala Assembly election.[33]

1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election: Palghat
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent C. M. Sundaram 30,160 50.00 Steady
CPI(M) R. Krishnan 27,357 45.36 Increase4.86
Independent V. P. Purushothaman 1,121 1.86 Steady
Independent Josepaul 739 1.23 Steady
Margin of victory 2,803 4.65 Decrease4.92
Turnout 60,315 75.70 Increase5.78
Independent gain from CPI(M) Swing

1970

[edit]

There were 83,098 eligible voters in Palghat Assembly constituency for the 1970 Kerala Assembly election.[34]

1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election: Palghat
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
CPI(M) R. Krishnan 22,113 40.50 Decrease13.63
Independent A. Chandran Nair 17,653 30.93 Steady
ABJS O. Rajagopalan 15,646 27.42 Increase17.2
Independent M. P. Narayana Menon 656 1.15 Steady
Margin of victory 5,460 9.57 Decrease11.6
Turnout 57,068 69.92 Increase1.17
CPI(M) hold Swing Decrease13.63

1967

[edit]

There were 69,273 eligible voters in Palghat Assembly constituency for the 1967 Kerala Assembly election.[35]

1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election: Palghat
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
CPI(M) R. Krishnan 24,627 54.13 Increase12.67
INC K. Sankaranarayanan 14,996 32.96 Increase1.98
ABJS O. Rajagopalan 4,649 10.22 Increase3.49
SWA A. R. Rajagopalan 1,222 2.69 Steady
Margin of victory 9,631 21.17 Increase10.69
Turnout 45,494 68.75 Increase2.52
CPI(M) hold Swing Increase12.67

1965

[edit]

There were 65,960 eligible voters in Palghat Assembly constituency for the 1965 Kerala Assembly election.[36]

1965 Kerala Legislative Assembly election: Palghat
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
CPI(M) M. V. Vasu 17,747 41.46 New
INC K. Pyarijan Sunna Sahib 13,260 30.98 Decrease20.73
Independent P. K. Krishnaswamy 5,279 12.33 Steady
Independent O. Rajagopalan 2,879 6.73 Steady
CPI C. K. Gopalanunni 2,251 5.26 Decrease43.03
Independent R. G. Narayana Iyer 1,388 3.24 Steady
Margin of victory 4,487 10.48 Increase7.06
Turnout 42,804 66.23 Decrease14.41
CPI(M) gain from INC Swing Steady

1960

[edit]

There were 64,542 eligible voters in Palghat Assembly constituency for the 1960 Kerala Assembly election.[37]

1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election: Palghat
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
INC R. Raghava Menon 26,546 51.71 Increase9.43
CPI C. K. Gopalanunni 24,788 48.29 Decrease7.79
Margin of victory 1,758 3.42 Increase1.64
Turnout 51,334 80.64 Increase21.33
INC hold Swing +9.43

1957

[edit]

There were 59,314 eligible voters in Palghat Assembly constituency for the 1957 Kerala Assembly election.[38]

1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election: Palghat
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
INC R. Raghava Menon 14,873 42.28 Increase10.8
CPI M. P Kunhiraman 14,248 40.50 New
Independent C. K Moosath 6,058 17.22 New
Margin of victory 625 1.78 Decrease24.84
Turnout 35,179 59.31 Increase0.02
INC gain from Independent Swing Increase10.8

1952

[edit]

There were 76,828 eligible voters in Palghat Assembly constituency for the 1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election.[39]

1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election: Palghat
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent K. Ramakrishnan 26,469 58.10 New
INC P. Vasu Menon 14,342 31.48 New
Independent M. Echara Menon 2,484 5.45 New
Independent R. V. Sarma 2,260 4.96 New
Margin of victory 12,127 26.62 Steady
Turnout 45,555 59.29
Independent win (new seat)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "State Assembly Constituencies in Kerala" (PDF). www.ceo.kerala.gov.in.
  2. ^ "Local Self Governments in Assembly Constituencies of Palakkad District". www.ceo.kerala.gov.in.
  3. ^ "Members of Kerala Legislative Assembly: Palakkad". www.mapsofindia.com.
  4. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha election 2016". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  5. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha election 2011". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  6. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha election 2006". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  7. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha election 2001". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  8. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha election 1996". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  9. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha election 1991". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  10. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha election 1987". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  11. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha election 1982". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  12. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha election 1980". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  13. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha election 1977". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  14. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha election 1970". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  15. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha election 1967". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  16. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha election 1965". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  17. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha election 1960". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  18. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha election 1957". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  19. ^ "Madras State election 1952". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  20. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha By Election Palakkad 2024". prdlive.kerala.gov.in. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  21. ^ Election Commission of India (23 November 2024). "Palakkad Assembly Constituency By Poll Result 2024". Archived from the original on 25 November 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  22. ^ The Hindu (23 November 2024). "Kerala bypoll results 2024: UDF cadre celebrate Palakkad win with trolleys". Archived from the original on 23 November 2024. Retrieved 23 November 2024.
  23. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2021, Election commission of India". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  24. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  25. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  26. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2006, Election commission of India". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  27. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2001, Election commission of India". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  28. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 1996, Election commission of India". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  29. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 1991, Election commission of India". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  30. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 1987, Election commission of India". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  31. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 1982, Election commission of India". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  32. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 1980, Election commission of India". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  33. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 1977, Election commission of India". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  34. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 1970, Election commission of India". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  35. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 1967, Election commission of India". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  36. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 1965, Election commission of India". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  37. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 1960, Election commission of India". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  38. ^ "Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 1957, Election commission of India". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  39. ^ "Madras state election 1952". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 14 March 2020.