Aurê–Aurá language
| Aurê–Aurá | |
|---|---|
| Aurá | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Maranhão, formerly Pará |
| Extinct | September 20, 2025, with the death of Aurá[1][2] |
Tupian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | aux |
| Glottolog | aura1243 |
| ELP | Auré |
Aurê–Aurá is a recently extinct language, part of the Tupi language family,[3][4][5] last spoken by two individuals in Maranhão, Brazil named Aurê and Aurá.[6][7][8][9] Both known speakers originally came from west of Marabá, Pará. The language primarily used nouns, with few adjectives or verbs. Aurê died in 2014, leaving Aurá as the last known speaker of the language. Aurá died on September 20, 2025, at the age of 77, marking the definitive extinction of the Aurá language.[1][2]
Vocabulary
[edit]| Aurê–Aurá | Gloss |
|---|---|
| jiti | sweet potato |
| iwe | sky |
| kutu | to pierce |
| maniʔa | manioc |
| inẽ | beetle |
| pana | butterfly |
| ã | to stand |
| petã | tobacco |
| amã | rain |
| pitũ | night |
| tokõ | toucan |
| akã | head |
| uʔi | arrow |
| jutai | jatobá tree |
| u | father |
| ʔa | to fall |
| puti | flower |
| ci | honey |
| pa | to jump |
| arawe | cockroach |
| aꞵe | man |
| awuti | tortoise |
| tai | ant |
| tajau | peccary |
| kic | hammock |
| korai | sun |
| urui | surubim (fish) |
| tupã | rope |
| jaɨ | moon |
| uʔu | he bites |
| he | I |
| hɨ | mother |
| atʃa | I see |
| aka | I sleep |
| pira | skin |
| jakara | alligator |
| pa | way |
| are | macaw |
| kwe | hole |
| awe | man |
| ie | canoe |
| ke | wasp |
| pek | paca |
| watĩ | to walk |
| tatĩ | fire |
| iĩ | fruit |
| ʔi | water |
| ji | ax |
| mitu | mutum bird |
| nopõ | to hit |
| toʔi | parrot |
| pepa | wing |
| a | house |
| pa | hand |
| topõ | thunder |
| pwarã | to recover |
| tapiʔi | tapir |
| wari | howler monkey |
| taku | stone |
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Morre aos 77 anos Aurá, considerado último sobrevivente de povo indígena do MA". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2025-09-25. Retrieved 2025-09-26.
- ^ a b "Funai confirma morte de último indígena de etnia desconhecida". Agência Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2025-09-25. Retrieved 2025-09-26.
- ^ "Aura Language and the Aurá Indian Tribe (Aure, Auras, Auré)". Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-16.
- ^ "Glottolog 4.6 - Aurê y Aurá". Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-16.
- ^ a b Mello, Antonio Souza (1996). "Genetic affiliation of the language of the Indians Aurê and Aurá". Opción: Revista de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales. 12 (19): 67–81.
- ^ "Sozinhos desde a infância, Aure e Aurá só conversam entre eles" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-16.
- ^ "Novo em Folha - Línguas ameaçadas de extinção no Brasil - Aurê-aurá". Treinamento Folha. 2009. Archived from the original on 2016-03-24. Retrieved 2025-06-01.
- ^ "Relatório de pesquisa linguística e antropológica com dois índios remanescentes, de grupo desconhecido, na região de Altamira, no Pará. | Acervo | ISA". acervo.socioambiental.org. Retrieved 2025-06-01.
- ^ "A questão Auré / Aurá. | Acervo | ISA". acervo.socioambiental.org. Retrieved 2025-06-01.
External links
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