Kuyubí language
| Kuyubí | |
|---|---|
| Kujubim, Kumaná | |
| Kaw To Yo, Kaw Tayó | |
| Native to | Bolivia, Brazil |
| Region | Southwestern Rondônia, Bolivia–Brazil border area |
| Ethnicity | 27 (2001)[1] |
Native speakers | 2 (2016)[2][3] |
Chapacuran
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
ite-kum Abitana-Kumaná | |
1a6 Kuyubí | |
| Glottolog | kuyu1236 |
 Kujubim is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. | |
Kujubim (Kuyubí, Cojubím) is a nearly extinct Chapacuran language spoken around the city of Guajará-Mirim in Rondônia, Brazil. The endonym, Kaw To Yo (or Kaw Tayó, which means 'eaters of payara fish'), may be the source of the river and synonym for this language, Cautario.[1] Sources which list one do not list the other, so these may be the same language.[4]
In addition, there is a language called Cumana (Kumaná), a possibly extinct variety of Kuyubí.[5] Various names ascribed to the language in Campbell (2012)[6] are Torá, Toraz (distinguish Torá language), and Cautario, the last perhaps after the local river, and Abitana-Kumaná (distinguish Abitana dialect).
Phonology
[edit]Kuyubí has 34 phonemes, 29 consonants and 5 vowels.
Consonants
[edit]| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Occlusive | oral | plain | p | t | k | ʔ | |||
| preglottalized | ˀp | ˀt | ˀk | ||||||
| affricate | t͡ʃ | ||||||||
| tap | ɾ | ||||||||
| preglottalized tap | ˀɾ | ||||||||
| nasal | plain | m | n | ɲ | |||||
| preglottalized | ˀm | ˀn | ˀɲ | ||||||
| postglottalized | mˀ | nˀ | ɲˀ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | |||||||
| voiced | z | ||||||||
| Resonant | plain | (w) | j | w | |||||
| preglottalized | (ˀw) | ˀj | ˀw | ||||||
| postglottalized | (wˀ) | jˀ | wˀ | ||||||
| aspirate | h | ||||||||
Vocabulary
[edit]Conjubim vocabulary from Sampaio & da Silva (2011):[8]
gloss Conjubim ‘I (1sg)’ pa ‘thou (2sg)’ ma ‘we (1pl)’ ti ‘many’ napa ‘one’ tan ‘two’ wakoran ‘big’ pu ‘small’ pe ‘woman’ tana'man ‘man (adult male human)’ namankon ‘child’ rato ‘person (individual human)’ piten ‘bird’ pune ‘dog’ kinam ‘louse (lice)’ piw ‘tree’ pana ‘seed (n)’ tukayn ‘leaf (botanics)’ tan ‘root (botanics)’ toka ijn pana ‘meat/flesh’ nawa zip ‘blood (n)’ wik ‘bone’ pat ‘egg’ pariz ‘fat (organic substance)’ mapum ‘horn’ tataw ‘tail’ kipun ‘hair (of head)’ tunam upek ‘head (anatomic)’ pupek ‘ear’ tenetet ‘eye’ tok ‘nose’ pul ‘tooth (general)’ jat ‘tongue (anatomical)’ kapajak ‘fingernail’ tupi ‘foot (not leg)’ tinak ‘knee’ toko zimtinak ‘hand (not arm)’ pepeje tipan ‘belly (abdomen, stomach)’ takawta ‘heart (organ)’ tuku rutim ‘liver’ tawan ‘drink (v)’ tok ‘eat’ kaw ‘bite (v)’ kiw ‘ash(es)’ pop ‘burn (tr. v)’ pop ‘see (v)’ kirik ‘hear (v)’ rapat ‘sleep (v)’ pupiyn ‘die (v)’ pinĩ ‘kill (v)’ puru ‘swim (v)’ mara kujan ‘fly (v)’ ze ‘walk (v)’ wana ‘lie (recline) (v)’ titim ‘sit (v)’ pe ‘stand (v)’ pak ‘give (v)’ ni ‘sun’ mapitõ ‘moon’ panawo ‘star’ pipojõ ‘water (n)’ kom ‘rain (n)’ pipan narikom ‘sand’ tinak ‘earth (soil, ground)’ tinak ‘tobacco’ ju'e ‘fire’ pite ‘red (colour)’ siwí ‘white (colour)’ towa ‘night’ pisim ‘warm’ nok ‘cold’ tiw ‘full’ pẽpe ‘good’ nami ‘round’ pu
A word list with 793 lexical items is also available from Rodrigues Duran (2000).[7]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Kuyubí" in Moseley (2004) Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages
- ^ Birchall, Joshua; Dunn, Michael; Greenhill, Simon J. (July 2016). "A Combined Comparative and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Chapacuran Language Family". International Journal of American Linguistics. 82 (3): 255–284. doi:10.1086/687383. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-002B-3128-1. ISSN 0020-7071.
- ^ Grondona, Verónica (2012). Campbell, Lyle (ed.). The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide. Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-025803-5.
- ^ Fabre (2005)
- ^ Campbell, Lyle (2024). The indigenous languages of the Americas: history and classification. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-767346-1.
- ^ Campbell, Lyle (2012). "Classification of the indigenous languages of South America". In Grondona, Verónica; Campbell, Lyle (eds.). The Indigenous Languages of South America. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 2. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 59–166. ISBN 9783110255133.
- ^ a b Rodrigues Duran, Iris. 2000. Descrição fonológica e lexical do dialeto "Kaw Tayo" (Kujubi) da língua Moré. M.A. thesis, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (Guajará-Mirim). (PDF)
- ^ Sampaio, W. & da Silva Sinha, V. (2011). "Fieldwork data from languages in Rondônia". Diachronic Atlas of Comparative Linguistics (DiACL). Retrieved 23 November 2020.
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Bibliography
[edit]- Duran, Iris Rodrigues. 2000. Descrição fonológica e lexical do dialeto Kaw Tayo (Kujubi) da língua Moré. MA thesis, Guajará-Mirim: Universidade Federal de Rondônia; 136pp.
- Angenot, Geralda de Lima V. 1997. vDocumentação da língua Kuyubi: Arquivos acústicos. Guajará-Mirim: UNIR Working Papers in Amerindian Linguistics. Série 'Documentos de Trabalho'.
- Angenot, Geralda de Lima V. and Angenot, Geralda de Lima V. 1997. Léxico Português-Kuyubi e Kuyubi-Português. Guajará-Mirim: UNIR Working Papers in Amerindian Linguistics.
External links
[edit]- Portal Japiim (online dictionary)