Dzubukuá language

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Dzubukuá
Kariri, Kariri-Xocó
1709 catechism in Dzubukuá
Native toBrazil
RegionCabrobó, Pernambuco
EthnicityKariri-Xocó [pt]
Revival1989[1][2]
Karirian
  • Dzubukuá
Language codes
ISO 639-3kzw [3]
Glottologdzub1241  Dzubukuá
kari1255  Karirí-Xocó

Dzubukuá (or Kariri), referred to by the community as Kariri-Xocó,[3] is an extinct Karirian language of Brazil. It is sometimes considered a dialect of a single Kariri language. Since 1989, there is a process of linguistic revitalization underway; the Tingui-Botó people claim to use Dzubukuá, their ancestral language, in their secret Ouricuri ritual.[4]

It was spoken on the São Francisco River islands, in the Cabrobó area of Pernambuco.[5]

Documentation

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There are only two known primary sources containing the Dzubukuá language. One is a manuscript dated 1702,[a] and the other is a 1709 catechism,[b] both by the French Capuchin missionary Bernardo de Nantes.[6] In the preface of the catechism, Nantes attests to the distinction between the way the Dzubukuá and Kipeá speak ("one language is as different from the other as Portuguese is from Castilian").[7]

Phonology

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Consonantal phonemes of the Dzubukuá language[8][9]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Occlusive voiceless p t k
voiced b d ɡ
Nasal m n ɲ
Flap ɾ
Fricative h
Affricate voiceless ts
voiced dz
Lateral l
Glide (w) (j)
  • In 2012, Queiroz revised his 2008 description and changed his position regarding the existence of glides in Dzubukuá. Thus, ⟨j⟩ and ⟨y⟩, which he had considered indicators of /j/, and ⟨w⟩ and ⟨v⟩, which he had considered indicators of /w/, came to be reinterpreted as the high vowels /i/ and /u/.[10]
Vocalic phonemes of the Dzubukuá language[11][12]
Front Central Back
High i ɨ u
Mid unrounded e
rounded œ o
Low a

Sample text

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Below, the Lord's Prayer in Dzubukuá, according to Bernardo de Nantes in his 1709 catechism:[15]

Kupadzua nhinho dibbali mo arãquè, donetsoa onadce, dohanaclèa andzenne, duca adôo dseho wohôye donanhe hidommodè bo imwj Iaccedde do anunhiu; do Innea búye do amuiquede mo radda, mono Innea bûye do amuiquede mo hémwj. doddi enna hyammittedè moenaham, docabbi enna hidôodè mo hibuangatedè anhiëj, mono wo hicabbidè do dibuangali hiëiddè dopecrodce Iadcedde ho Ihencoddhete nienwo, donunhie Iadcedde bo Ibulète bammodi Bopadzu nhinho.

Notes and references

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Notes

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  1. ^ Available here
  2. ^ Available here

References

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  1. ^ "Language Acts". languageacts.org. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  2. ^ Durazzo, Leandro (2022-05-16). "Revitalização de Línguas Indígenas por Meio de Documentos Coloniais Digitalizados: Comentário Sobre a Retomada do Idioma Dzubukuá pelo Povo Tuxá da Bahia, Brasil". Diffractions (in Portuguese) (5): 6–25 Páginas. doi:10.34632/DIFFRACTIONS.2022.10224.
  3. ^ a b Nelson, Diane; Kariri-Xocó, Nhenety; Kariri-Xocó, Idiane; Pitman, Thea (2023-03-01). ""We Most Certainly Do Have a Language"". Environmental Humanities. 15 (1): 187–207. doi:10.1215/22011919-10216239. ISSN 2201-1919.
  4. ^ "Tingui Botó - Povos Indígenas no Brasil". pib.socioambiental.org. Retrieved 2025-03-05.
  5. ^ Queiroz 2008, p. 39.
  6. ^ Queiroz 2012, p. 54.
  7. ^ Queiroz 2012, pp. 54–55.
  8. ^ Queiroz 2008, p. 45.
  9. ^ Queiroz 2012, p. 64.
  10. ^ Queiroz 2012, p. 100.
  11. ^ Queiroz 2008, p. 48.
  12. ^ Queiroz 2012, p. 66.
  13. ^ Queiroz 2012, pp. 74–75.
  14. ^ a b c d e Queiroz 2012, p. 75.
  15. ^ Nantes 1709, pp. 58–59.

Bibliography

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Wiktionary has a word list at Appendix:Dzubukuá word list
  • Media related to Dzubukuá language at Wikimedia Commons


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