1970 Tennessee gubernatorial election
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November 3, 1970
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  Winfield: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Hooker: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% | |||||||||||||||||
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| Elections in Tennessee |
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The 1970 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1970, to elect the next governor of Tennessee. Incumbent Democratic governor Buford Ellington was term-limited and was prohibited by the Constitution of Tennessee from seeking another term. Republican nominee Winfield Dunn, defeated Democratic opponent John Jay Hooker with 52.0% of the vote.
Winfield Dunn became the first Republican to win a Tennessee gubernatorial election in fifty years, marking a significant political shift in the state.[1][2] While Democrats gained 13 Republican-held governorships in the 1970 elections, Republicans made only two gains, only winning in Tennessee and Connecticut.
Background
[edit]By 1970, Tennessee was in the midst of political change.[3] The state had not elected a Republican governor since Alfred A. Taylor in 1920, and Democratic dominance in statewide offices had been the rule for half a century.
The Democrats nominated John Jay Hooker, a Nashville lawyer, businessman, and flamboyant political figure who had previously run for governor. Hooker was charismatic and well-known, but also polarizing. His credibility was weakened by a financial scandal surrounding Minnie Pearl’s Fried Chicken, the fast-food chain he co-founded with his brother. Despite their ambitious expansion plans, the company faced operational challenges and drew scrutiny from the Securities and Exchange Commission over franchise fees and stock valuations.[4] The controversy attracted negative media attention, with outlets like the Nashville Scene noting that the scandal cast doubts on Hooker’s suitability for office and may have undermined his appeal to moderate voters.[5] Prior to his gubernatorial campaigns, Hooker had been active in Tennessee politics, working for governor Frank G. Clement and participating in national campaigns such as those of John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy, and he had also run for governor in 1966[6]
On the Republican side, Winfield Dunn emerged from a crowded primary as the nominee. A Memphis dentist and businessman, Dunn had never held elected office before. Still, he was active in Republican circles: he had chaired the Shelby County Republican Party, worked on Barry Goldwater's campaign, and backed Richard Nixon in 1968.[7] Federal judge Harry W. Wellford and future governor Lamar Alexander steered his campaign.[8][9]
The campaign
[edit]The general election quickly turned into a hard-fought and closely watched contest. Hooker campaigned energetically and spent heavily on advertising, attacking Dunn as inexperienced. Dunn countered by emphasizing his integrity and by tying his campaign to the national Republican momentum. Newspapers across the state noted the intensity of the race, with debates between Dunn and Hooker drawing wide audiences.[10] President Nixon’s administration quietly lent encouragement, and the GOP was already investing in Tennessee through the simultaneous U.S. Senate race, where Republican Bill Brock successfully unseated longtime Democratic Senator Albert Gore Sr.[11]
Primary elections
[edit]Primary elections were held on August 6, 1970.[12]
Democratic primary
[edit]24.5% of the voting age population participated in the Democratic primary.[13]
Candidates
[edit]- John Jay Hooker, perennial candidate
- Stan Snodgrass
- Robert L. Taylor
- Mary Anderson
- Ralph W. Emerson
- James A. Newton
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | John Jay Hooker | 261,580 | 44.33 | |
| Democratic | Stan Snodgrass | 193,199 | 32.74 | |
| Democratic | Robert L. Taylor | 90,009 | 15.25 | |
| Democratic | Mary Anderson | 29,175 | 4.94 | |
| Democratic | Ralph W. Emerson | 12,608 | 2.14 | |
| Democratic | James A. Newton | 3,490 | 0.59 | |
| Total votes | 590,061 | 100.00 | ||
Republican primary
[edit]10.1% of the voting age population participated in the Republican primary.[13]
Candidates
[edit]- Winfield Dunn, former chairman of the Shelby County Republican Party
- Maxey Jarman
- Bill Jenkins, former Speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives
- Claude Robertson
- Hubert David Patty, perennial candidate
Results
[edit]
- 30–40%
- 40–50%
- 50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%>90%
- 30–40%
- 40–50%
- 50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%
- 30–40%
- 40–50%50–60%60–70%>90%
- 30–40%
- 40–50%50–60%
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Winfield Dunn | 81,475 | 33.26 | |
| Republican | Maxey Jarman | 70,420 | 28.74 | |
| Republican | Bill Jenkins | 50,910 | 20.78 | |
| Republican | Claude Robertson | 40,547 | 16.55 | |
| Republican | Hubert David Patty | 1,647 | 0.67 | |
| Total votes | 244,999 | 100.00 | ||
General election
[edit]Candidates
[edit]Major party candidates
- Winfield Dunn, Republican
- John Jay Hooker, Democratic
Other candidates
- Douglas L. Heinsohn, American
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Winfield Dunn | 575,777 | 51.95% | +51.95% | |
| Democratic | John Jay Hooker | 509,521 | 45.98% | −35.20% | |
| American | Douglas L. Heinsohn | 22,945 | 2.07% | +2.07% | |
| Majority | 66,256 | 5.97% | |||
| Turnout | 1,108,247 | ||||
| Republican gain from Democratic | Swing | ||||
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Phillip Langsdon, Tennessee: A Political History (Franklin, Tenn.: Hillsboro Press, 2000), pp. 370–381, 370–393.
- ^ Rust, Randal. "Dunn, Winfield C." Tennessee Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 25, 2025.
- ^ "Modern Tennessee | A History of Tennessee Student Edition". tnsoshistory.com. Retrieved September 25, 2025.
- ^ Johnson, Claudia (September 19, 2023). "Fried Chicken Fiasco Didn't Tarnish Star's Good Name". Country Reunion Music. Retrieved September 25, 2025.
- ^ Carey, Bill (September 28, 2000). "Failed Fortunes". Nashville Scene. Retrieved September 25, 2025.
- ^ "John Jay Hooker Papers" (PDF).
- ^ Rust, Randal. "Dunn, Winfield C." Tennessee Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 25, 2025.
- ^ Phillip Langsdon, Tennessee: A Political History (Franklin, Tenn.: Hillsboro Press, 2000), pp. 370-381, 396-397.
- ^ Bill Dries, "Dunn's Book Details GOP Comeback in Tennessee," Memphis Daily News. Retrieved: December 30, 2012.
- ^ Sisk, Chas (January 25, 2016). "Winfield Dunn and John Jay Hooker — Political Rivals Turned Old Friends". WPLN News. Retrieved September 25, 2025.
- ^ "Statement in Support of Republican Candidates in Tennessee. | The American Presidency Project". www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved September 25, 2025.
- ^ a b c Guide to U.S. elections - CQ Press, Congressional Quarterly, inc. CQ Press. 2005. ISBN 9781568029818. Retrieved February 13, 2019.
- ^ a b Steed, Moreland & Baker 1980, p. 22.
- ^ Cook, Rhodes (October 26, 2017). America Votes 32: 2015-2016, Election Returns by State - Rhodes Cook. CQ Press. ISBN 9781506368993. Retrieved February 13, 2019.
Works cited
[edit]- Steed, Robert; Moreland, Laurence; Baker, Tod, eds. (1980). Party Politics in the South. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0030565863.