Portal:Turkey

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Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnic Turks, while Kurds are the largest ethnic minority. Officially a secular state, Turkey has a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, and Antalya.

First inhabited by modern humans during the Late Paleolithic, present-day Turkey was home to various ancient peoples. The Hattians were assimilated by the Hittites and other Anatolian peoples. Classical Anatolia transitioned into cultural Hellenization after Alexander the Great's conquests, and later Romanization during the Roman and Byzantine eras. The Seljuk Turks began migrating into Anatolia in the 11th century, starting the Turkification process. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into Turkish principalities. Beginning in 1299, the Ottomans united the principalities and expanded. Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) in 1453. During the reigns of Selim I and Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire became a global power. From 1789 onwards, the empire saw major changes, reforms, centralization, and rising nationalism while its territory declined.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction and in the Russian Empire resulted in large-scale loss of life and mass migration into modern-day Turkey from the Balkans, Caucasus, and Crimea. Under the control of the Three Pashas, the Ottoman Empire entered World War I in 1914, during which the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Greek, and Assyrian subjects. Following Ottoman defeat, the Turkish War of Independence resulted in the abolition of the sultanate and the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne. Turkey emerged as a more homogenous nation state. The Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923, modelled on the reforms initiated by the country's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Turkey remained neutral during most of World War II, but was involved in the Korean War. Several military interventions interfered with the transition to a multi-party system.

Turkey is an upper-middle-income and emerging country; its economy is the world's 16th-largest by nominal and 11th-largest by PPP-adjusted GDP. As the 15th-largest electricity producer in the world, Turkey aims to become a hub for regional energy transportation. It is a unitary presidential republic. Turkey is a founding member of the OECD, G20, and Organization of Turkic States. With a geopolitically significant location, Turkey is a NATO member and has its second-largest military force. It may be recognized as an emerging, a middle, and a regional power. As an EU candidate, Turkey is part of the EU Customs Union.

Turkey has coastal plains, a high central plateau, and various mountain ranges with rising elevation eastwards. Turkey's climate is diverse, ranging from Mediterranean and other temperate climates to semi-arid and continental types. Home to three biodiversity hotspots, Turkey is prone to frequent earthquakes and is highly vulnerable to climate change. Turkey has a universal healthcare system, growing access to education, and increasing levels of innovativeness. It is a leading TV content exporter. With numerous UNESCO World Heritage sites and intangible cultural heritage inscriptions, and a rich and diverse cuisine, Turkey is the fourth most visited country in the world. (Full article...)

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The monastery before its destruction in 1915

Surb Karapet Monastery of Mush (Armenian: Մշո Սուրբ Կարապետ վանք, Msho Surb Karapet vank, also known by other names) was an Armenian Apostolic monastery in the historic province of Taron, about 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Mush (Muş), in present-day eastern Turkey.

Surb Karapet translates to "Holy Precursor" and refers to John the Baptist, whose remains are believed to have been stored at the site by Gregory the Illuminator in the early fourth century. The monastery subsequently served as a stronghold of the Mamikonians—the princely house of Taron, who claimed to be the holy warriors of John the Baptist, their patron saint. It was expanded and renovated many times in later centuries. By the 20th century, it was a large fort-like enclosure with four chapels. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Turkey-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Köppen climate types of Turkey (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 2Originally a church, later a mosque, and now a Grand mosque, the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul was built by the Byzantines in the 6th century. (from History of Turkey)
Image 3The Ottoman Empire in 1683, at the start of the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) (from History of Turkey)
Image 4Turkish delight (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 5Anıtkabir designed by Emin Halid Onat and Ahmet Orhan Arda (1944–53) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 6Kaçkar Mountains. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 7Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem (1847–1914) was another prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 8Atatürk on the cover of the Time magazine, Vol. I No. 4, March 24, 1923. Title: "Mustapha Kemal Pasha" (from History of Turkey)
Image 9Tevfik Fikret (1867–1915) was a prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 10Istanbul Sapphire (2006–11) is the tallest building in Turkey and 4th in Europe. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 11Butterfly Valley on the Turkish Riviera. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 12Mehmed II enters Constantinople by Fausto Zonaro (from History of Turkey)
Image 13Map of the Lydian Kingdom in its final period of sovereignty under Croesus, c. 547 BC. (from History of Turkey)
Image 14An oil wrestling tournament in Istanbul. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 15Antalya (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 16The Bath-Gymnasium complex at Sardis in Turkey. (from History of Turkey)
Image 17View of Dilek Peninsula-Büyük Menderes Delta National Park (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 18View from Levent district in Istanbul. Istanbul's skyline has changed especially since the early 2000s. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 19Night view of the Taksim Mosque (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 20View of Beydağları Coastal National Park (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 21Namık Kemal was a prominent Turkish poet, novelist, playwright and journalist of the late-19th-century Ottoman Empire. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 22Turkish coffee (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 23Ankara (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 24Karagöz and Hacivat are the lead characters of Turkish shadow play, popularized during the Ottoman period. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 25Mount Ararat (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 26Ankara Opera House, designed by Şevki Balmumcu (1933–34) and renovation by Paul Bonatz (1946–47). (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 27Yalikavak Palmarina in Bodrum (2014) designed by Emre Arolat (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 28Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca was one of the most prolific Turkish poets of the Turkish Republic with more than 60 collections of his poems published, laureate of the Struga Poetry Evenings Golden Wreath Award. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 29Istanbul University Faculty of Science and Faculty of Literature Buildings (1944–52) designed by Sedad Hakkı Eldem and Emin Onat (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 30Turkish national basketball team won the silver medal in the 2010 FIBA World Championship. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 31Mount Nemrut, Adıyaman (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 32Mount Erciyes near Kayseri (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 33Beaches and marina of Kemer near Antalya on the Turkish Riviera. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 34Roosevelt, İnönü and Churchill at the Second Cairo Conference which was held between 4–6 December 1943. (from History of Turkey)
Image 35Map of Istanbul by the miniature artist Matrakçı Nasuh (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 36Designed by Şekip Akalın, Ankara Central Station (1937) is a notable art deco design of its era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 37A view of Levent from Kanlıca across the Bosporus. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 38Selimiye Mosque in Edirne (1568–1574) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 39Lake Van (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 40The Nation's Library of the Presidency, Ankara (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 41Orhan Pamuk, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 42Entrance portal of the Karatay Madrasa in Konya (c. 1251) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 43Map showing the Anatolian Plate, the North Anatolian Fault and East Anatolian Fault in Turkey. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 44Sami Frashëri (1850–1904) and his wife Emine, May 1884. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 45The sultan of the golden age, Suleiman the Magnificent. (from History of Turkey)
Image 46Orhan Veli Kanık was the founder of the Garip Movement in Turkish poetry. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 47The empire in 555 under Justinian the Great, at its greatest extent since the fall of the Western Roman Empire (its vassals in pink) (from History of Turkey)
Image 48Istanbul (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 49Map of earthquakes in Turkey 1900–2023 (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 50First Ziraat Bank Headquarters (1925–29) in Ankara designed by Giulio Mongeri is an important symbol of the First National Architectural Movement. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 51Map showing events of the first phases of the Greco-Persian Wars (from History of Turkey)
Image 52Thrace and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom in its maximum extent under Sitalces (431-424 BC) (from History of Turkey)

Did you know - show different entries

... that the female footballer Bilgin Defterli decided to go to Germany because she saw no chance to play football in Turkey due to the dissolution of women's football leagues in 2003? (December 19, 2013)
... that in 2007 Özlem Cekic
(pictured) became the first woman of Muslim immigrant background in the Danish Parliament? (September 27, 2012)
... that ten days before the ratification of the Peace of Szeged, Vladislaus, King of Hungary, swore an oath which invalidated it and all future treaties with the Ottoman Empire? (May 25, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 143
... that in 1876, British barrister, publicist, and historian Edwin Pears, as correspondent of The Daily News, sent letters home describing Ottoman atrocities in Bulgaria during the April Uprising which aroused popular demonstrations in England led by William Gladstone? (May 18, 2008) Wikipedia:Recent additions 219
... that several families of land gastropods reach a maximum of biodiversity in Turkey? (March 3, 2010)
... that even though Simeon I of Bulgaria burned the Church of St. Mary of the Spring near the Byzantine capital Constantinople, his son Peter married the daughter of Romanos I Lekapenos there three years later? (November 6, 2010)
... that the early Christian Martyrion of Saints Carpus and Papylus, which is part of the Church of Saint Menas complex in Istanbul, currently houses two shops, an iron workshop and a car wash? (October 28, 2011)

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Image 1Lahmacun
Image 2A faculty of Sakarya University
Image 3the Bosphorus Bridge
Image 4Flag of Turkey, from flowers
Image 518th-century Ottoman barber's apron
Image 6Lake Akdoğan in Muş
Image 7Ölüdeniz
Image 8Safranbolu
Image 9A Kocek
Image 10A tram in Istanbul
Image 11Antalya
Image 12Iznik, 16th-century vase
Image 13Cappadocia
Image 14The sun setting over the Golden Horn in the city of Istanbul.
Image 15Tünel, Istanbul
Image 16The ancient Lake Abant Nature Park in Bolu
Image 17Aydilge Sarp; Turkish singer, songwriter and novelist
Image 18Mount Nemrut
Image 19Atatürk praying
Image 20The Temple of Athena at Priene, an ancient site near Turunçlar in Aydın province.
Image 21The tughra of Mahmud II. "Mahmud Han bin Abdulhamid muzaffer daima" ("Mahmud Khan son of Abdulhamid is forever victorious").
Image 22the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne
Image 23Tarkan with Hungarian fans
Image 241. picture on portal: The prominent towers of Dayro d-Mor Gabriel; 15th December 2005
Image 25An airplane with a nazar boncuğu symbol that is said to offer protection from the "evil eye".
Image 26Kemer
Image 27Rize

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Miniature from the Majma al-Tawarikh by Hafiz Abru circa 1425; which depicts accession to the throne by Alp Arslan

Alp Arslan, born Muhammad Alp Arslan bin Dawud Chaghri, was the second sultan of the Seljuk Empire and great-grandson of Seljuk, the eponymous founder of the dynasty and the empire. He greatly expanded Seljuk territories and consolidated his power, defeating rivals to the south, east and northwest. His victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 ushered in the Turkoman settlement of Anatolia. (Full article...)

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Paragliding in Ölüdeniz area, Muğla

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Videos from Turkey on Wikimedia Commons

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“

Everything we see in the world is the creative work of women.

”

~ Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

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Turkish proverbs in Wikiquote

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Recognized content

	Alanya, Byzantine Empire, SMS Goeben, The Turk, List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Istanbul, Italian War of 1521–1526, Italian War of 1542–1546, List of battleships of the Ottoman Empire, Rhodes blood libel
	2004 Istanbul summit, 2008 Turkish Grand Prix, Battle of Manzikert, Battle of Marash, Battle of Vaslui, Church of St. Polyeuctus, First Crusade, Great Zab, Hood event, Limyra Bridge, Siege of Szigetvár, Night Attack at Târgoviște, Third Perso-Turkic War, Walls of Constantinople, Gallipoli Campaign, Battle of Lone Pine