Portal:Turkey

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Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnic Turks, while Kurds are the largest ethnic minority. Officially a secular state, Turkey has a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, and Antalya.

First inhabited by modern humans during the Late Paleolithic, present-day Turkey was home to various ancient peoples. The Hattians were assimilated by the Hittites and other Anatolian peoples. Classical Anatolia transitioned into cultural Hellenization after Alexander the Great's conquests, and later Romanization during the Roman and Byzantine eras. The Seljuk Turks began migrating into Anatolia in the 11th century, starting the Turkification process. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into Turkish principalities. Beginning in 1299, the Ottomans united the principalities and expanded. Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) in 1453. During the reigns of Selim I and Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire became a global power. From 1789 onwards, the empire saw major changes, reforms, centralization, and rising nationalism while its territory declined.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction and in the Russian Empire resulted in large-scale loss of life and mass migration into modern-day Turkey from the Balkans, Caucasus, and Crimea. Under the control of the Three Pashas, the Ottoman Empire entered World War I in 1914, during which the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Greek, and Assyrian subjects. Following Ottoman defeat, the Turkish War of Independence resulted in the abolition of the sultanate and the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne. Turkey emerged as a more homogenous nation state. The Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923, modelled on the reforms initiated by the country's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Turkey remained neutral during most of World War II, but was involved in the Korean War. Several military interventions interfered with the transition to a multi-party system.

Turkey is an upper-middle-income and emerging country; its economy is the world's 16th-largest by nominal and 12th-largest by PPP-adjusted GDP. As the 15th-largest electricity producer in the world, Turkey aims to become a hub for regional energy transportation. It is a unitary presidential republic. Turkey is a founding member of the OECD, G20, and Organization of Turkic States. With a geopolitically significant location, Turkey is a NATO member and has its second-largest military force. It may be recognized as an emerging, a middle, and a regional power. As an EU candidate, Turkey is part of the EU Customs Union.

Turkey has coastal plains, a high central plateau, and various mountain ranges with rising elevation eastwards. Turkey's climate is diverse, ranging from Mediterranean and other temperate climates to semi-arid and continental types. Home to three biodiversity hotspots, Turkey is prone to frequent earthquakes and is highly vulnerable to climate change. Turkey has a universal healthcare system, growing access to education, and increasing levels of innovativeness. It is a leading TV content exporter. With numerous UNESCO World Heritage sites and intangible cultural heritage inscriptions, and a rich and diverse cuisine, Turkey is the fourth most visited country in the world. (Full article...)

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The 2004 Istanbul summit was held in Istanbul, Turkey from 28 to 29 June 2004. It was the 19th NATO summit in which NATO's Heads of State and Governments met to make formal decisions about security topics. In general, the summit is seen as a continuation of the transformation process that began in the 2002 Prague summit, which hoped to create a shift from a Cold War alliance against Soviet aggression to a 21st-century coalition against new and out-of-area security threats. The summit consisted of four meetings.

NATO members welcomed seven new alliance members during the North Atlantic Council meeting, decided to expand the alliance's presence in the War in Afghanistan and to end its presence in Bosnia, agreed to assist Iraq with training, launched a new partnership initiative and adopted measures to improve NATO's operational capabilities. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Turkey-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Köppen climate types of Turkey (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 2View of Beydağları Coastal National Park (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 3Map of earthquakes in Turkey 1900–2023 (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 4First Ziraat Bank Headquarters (1925–29) in Ankara designed by Giulio Mongeri is an important symbol of the First National Architectural Movement. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 5An oil wrestling tournament in Istanbul. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 6Karagöz and Hacivat are the lead characters of Turkish shadow play, popularized during the Ottoman period. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 7Night view of the Taksim Mosque (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 8Butterfly Valley on the Turkish Riviera. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 9Mount Erciyes near Kayseri (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 10The Nation's Library of the Presidency, Ankara (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 11Selimiye Mosque in Edirne (1568–1574) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 12Beaches and marina of Kemer near Antalya on the Turkish Riviera. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 13The Ottoman Empire in 1683, at the start of the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) (from History of Turkey)
Image 14Thrace and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom in its maximum extent under Sitalces (431-424 BC) (from History of Turkey)
Image 15Tevfik Fikret (1867–1915) was a prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 16Antalya (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 17The empire in 555 under Justinian the Great, at its greatest extent since the fall of the Western Roman Empire (its vassals in pink) (from History of Turkey)
Image 18Anıtkabir designed by Emin Halid Onat and Ahmet Orhan Arda (1944–53) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 19Orhan Pamuk, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 20Mount Nemrut, Adıyaman (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 21Turkish coffee (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 22Designed by Şekip Akalın, Ankara Central Station (1937) is a notable art deco design of its era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 23The Bath-Gymnasium complex at Sardis in Turkey. (from History of Turkey)
Image 24Map of Istanbul by the miniature artist Matrakçı Nasuh (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 25Originally a church, later a mosque, and now a Grand mosque, the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul was built by the Byzantines in the 6th century. (from History of Turkey)
Image 26Namık Kemal was a prominent Turkish poet, novelist, playwright and journalist of the late-19th-century Ottoman Empire. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 27Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca was one of the most prolific Turkish poets of the Turkish Republic with more than 60 collections of his poems published, laureate of the Struga Poetry Evenings Golden Wreath Award. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 28View from Levent district in Istanbul. Istanbul's skyline has changed especially since the early 2000s. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 29Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem (1847–1914) was another prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 30Orhan Veli Kanık was the founder of the Garip Movement in Turkish poetry. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 31Ankara (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 32Atatürk on the cover of the Time magazine, Vol. I No. 4, March 24, 1923. Title: "Mustapha Kemal Pasha" (from History of Turkey)
Image 33Turkish delight (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 34Map showing the Anatolian Plate, the North Anatolian Fault and East Anatolian Fault in Turkey. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 35Mount Ararat (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 36Mehmed II enters Constantinople by Fausto Zonaro (from History of Turkey)
Image 37Lake Van (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 38Kaçkar Mountains. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 39Turkish national basketball team won the silver medal in the 2010 FIBA World Championship. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 40Map of the Lydian Kingdom in its final period of sovereignty under Croesus, c. 547 BC. (from History of Turkey)
Image 41Sami Frashëri (1850–1904) and his wife Emine, May 1884. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 42Istanbul (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 43Istanbul University Faculty of Science and Faculty of Literature Buildings (1944–52) designed by Sedad Hakkı Eldem and Emin Onat (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 44Yalikavak Palmarina in Bodrum (2014) designed by Emre Arolat (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 45Istanbul Sapphire (2006–11) is the tallest building in Turkey and 4th in Europe. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 46View of Dilek Peninsula-Büyük Menderes Delta National Park (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 47Entrance portal of the Karatay Madrasa in Konya (c. 1251) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 48Ankara Opera House, designed by Şevki Balmumcu (1933–34) and renovation by Paul Bonatz (1946–47). (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 49A view of Levent from Kanlıca across the Bosporus. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 50The sultan of the golden age, Suleiman the Magnificent. (from History of Turkey)
Image 51Roosevelt, İnönü and Churchill at the Second Cairo Conference which was held between 4–6 December 1943. (from History of Turkey)
Image 52Map showing events of the first phases of the Greco-Persian Wars (from History of Turkey)

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... that the relics housed within the chapel near the Church of St. Mary of Blachernae in Istanbul were credited by the Byzantines for victories against the Avars, Arabs, and Rus? (July 15, 2008)
... that before its restoration the Kasim Ağa Mosque in Istanbul was used as a shanty? (April 7, 2012)
... that the mineral erionite is a carcinogen, and chronic exposure to this mineral has been linked to excess mortality from mesothelioma in a number of villages in Turkey? (July 22, 2009) Wikipedia:Recent additions 246
... that Monastery of the Transfiguration of Kinaliada is where Byzantine emperor Romanos IV Diogenes was exiled after his eyes were gouged out? (April 9, 2013)
... that the Brig "Mercury" Attacked by Two Turkish Ships
(pictured) was one of over 3,000 seascapes painted by Russian artist Ivan Aivazovsky? (August 10, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 161
... that, with its total installed capacity of 95 MW, the Kızıldere Geothermal Power Plant is the biggest of its kind in Turkey? (January 13, 2014)
... that Vakifli is the only ethnic Armenian village in Turkey? (February 26, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 121

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Image 1Aydilge Sarp; Turkish singer, songwriter and novelist
Image 2Antalya
Image 3The ancient Lake Abant Nature Park in Bolu
Image 4A Kocek
Image 51. picture on portal: The prominent towers of Dayro d-Mor Gabriel; 15th December 2005
Image 6Mount Nemrut
Image 7The Temple of Athena at Priene, an ancient site near Turunçlar in Aydın province.
Image 8Flag of Turkey, from flowers
Image 9Safranbolu
Image 10A tram in Istanbul
Image 11Rize
Image 12The tughra of Mahmud II. "Mahmud Han bin Abdulhamid muzaffer daima" ("Mahmud Khan son of Abdulhamid is forever victorious").
Image 13Iznik, 16th-century vase
Image 14the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne
Image 1518th-century Ottoman barber's apron
Image 16Ölüdeniz
Image 17An airplane with a nazar boncuğu symbol that is said to offer protection from the "evil eye".
Image 18Lahmacun
Image 19Lake Akdoğan in Muş
Image 20Tünel, Istanbul
Image 21The sun setting over the Golden Horn in the city of Istanbul.
Image 22Kemer
Image 23A faculty of Sakarya University
Image 24the Bosphorus Bridge
Image 25Tarkan with Hungarian fans
Image 26Cappadocia
Image 27Atatürk praying

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Pamuk in 2009

Ferit Orhan Pamuk (born 7 June 1952; Turkish pronunciation: [feˈɾit oɾˈhan paˈmuk]) is a Turkish novelist, screenwriter, academic, and recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. One of Turkey's most prominent novelists, he has sold over 13 million books in 63 languages, making him the country's best-selling writer.

Pamuk's novels include Silent House, The White Castle, The Black Book, The New Life, My Name Is Red and Snow. He is the Robert Yik-Fong Tam Professor in the Humanities at Columbia University, where he teaches writing and comparative literature. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2018. (Full article...)

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Boats in Istanbul

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Videos from Turkey on Wikimedia Commons

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“

Today the Soviet Union is a friend and an ally. We need this friendship. However, no one can know what will happen tomorrow. Just like the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empires it may tear itself apart or shrink in size. The people that it holds so tightly in its grip may one day slip away. The world may see a new balance of power. It is then that Turkey must know what to do. Ally Soviets have under their control our brothers with whom we share language, beliefs and roots. We must be prepared to embrace them. Being ready does not mean that we will sit quietly and wait. We must get ready. How does a people get prepared for such an endeavour? By strengthening the natural bridges that exist between us. Language is a bridge... Religion is a bridge... History is a bridge... We must delve into our roots and reconstruct what history has divided. We can't wait for them to approach us. We must reach out to them.

”

29 October 1933 ~ Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

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Turkish proverbs in Wikiquote

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Recognized content

	Alanya, Byzantine Empire, SMS Goeben, The Turk, List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Istanbul, Italian War of 1521–1526, Italian War of 1542–1546, List of battleships of the Ottoman Empire, Rhodes blood libel
	2004 Istanbul summit, 2008 Turkish Grand Prix, Battle of Manzikert, Battle of Marash, Battle of Vaslui, Church of St. Polyeuctus, First Crusade, Great Zab, Hood event, Limyra Bridge, Siege of Szigetvár, Night Attack at Târgoviște, Third Perso-Turkic War, Walls of Constantinople, Gallipoli Campaign, Battle of Lone Pine