Portal:Peru

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Introduction

The Peru Portal
The Peru Portal
Republic of Peru
República del Perú (Spanish)
CapitalLima
12°2.6′S 77°1.7′W / 12.0433°S 77.0283°W / -12.0433; -77.0283
ISO 3166 codePE

Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered to the north by Ecuador and Colombia, to the east by Brazil, to the southeast by Bolivia, to the south by Chile, and to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country, with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west, to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country, to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River. Peru has a population of over 32 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At 1,285,216 km2 (496,225 sq mi), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America.

Peruvian territory was home to several cultures during the ancient and medieval periods, and has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 10th millennium BCE Caral–Supe civilization, the earliest civilization in the Americas and considered one of the cradles of civilization. Notable succeeding cultures and civilizations include the Nazca culture, the Moche, Wari and Tiwanaku empires, the Kingdom of Cusco, and the Inca Empire, the largest known state in the pre-Columbian Americas. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and Charles V established a viceroyalty with the official name of the Kingdom of Peru that encompassed most of its South American territories, with its capital in Lima. Higher education started in the Americas with the official establishment of the National University of San Marcos in Lima in 1551.

Peru's population includes Mestizos, Amerindians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechuan languages, Aymara, or other Indigenous languages. This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art, cuisine, literature, and music. Peru has recently gained international recognition for its vibrant gastronomy, blending Indigenous, Spanish, African, and Asian influences. Lima is now considered a global culinary capital, home to award-winning restaurants like Central and Maido. (Full article...)

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Entries here consist of Good and Featured articles, which meet a core set of high editorial standards.

The departments (Spanish: departamentos), informally called regions (Spanish: regiones), are the first-level administrative subdivisions of Peru. According to the Organic Law of Regional Governments, each department is administered by a regional government and a legislature responsible for administration, economic planning, and public services. These governments operate with autonomy while still coordinating with national authorities. Each department is led by a regional governor, who is elected by popular vote for a four-year term, and is responsible for implementing regional policies, managing budgets, and overseeing infrastructure projects. The governor is supported by a regional legislative council, composed of elected representatives from different provinces within the department. This council approves budgets, monitors public investments, and ensures government accountability.

There are 24 departments in total, as well as two provinces that operate under a special regime: Callao and Lima. The former does not belong to any department since 1836, but is nevertheless administered by a regional government of its own. The latter is administered by the Metropolitan Municipality of Lima, which is equal in status to a regional government. (Full article...)

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BAP Carvajal (FM-51)
BAP Carvajal (FM-51)
Photo credit: United States Navy

BAP Carvajal (FM-51) is the first out of four Carvajal-class frigates ordered by the Peruvian Navy in 1973. It was built by the Italian shipbuilder Cantieri Navali Riuniti at its shipyard in Riva Trigoso, Genoa. Its commissioning was delayed until December 23, 1979 due to delays in equipment deliveries by some subcontractors. The Carvajal is named after Vice Admiral Melitón Carvajal (1845–1935) who fought in the War of the Pacific. (more...)

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Selected battle

Contemporary engraving of the Battle of Cajamarca, showing Emperor Atahualpa surrounded on his palanquin.

The Battle of (or Massacre at) Cajamarca (November 16, 1532) was a surprise attack on the Inca royal entourage orchestrated by Francisco Pizarro. Sprung in the evening in the great plaza of Cajamarca, the ambush claimed the lives of thousands of Incas and achieved the goal of capturing Emperor Atahualpa. The confrontation at Cajamarca was the culmination of a months-long struggle involving espionage, subterfuge, and diplomacy between Pizarro and the Inca via their respective envoys. Atahualpa had received the invaders from a position of immense strength. Encamped along the heights of Cajamarca with legions of battle-tested troops fresh from their victories in the civil war against his half-brother Huáscar, the Inca felt they had little to fear from Pizarro's tiny army, however exotic its dress and weaponry. In a calculated show of goodwill, Atahualpa had lured the adventurers deep into the heart of his mountain empire where any potential threat could be met with a show of force. (more...)

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In this month

  • November 25, 1975 - Operation Condor (Spanish: Operación Cóndor) a campaign of political repressions involving assassination and intelligence operations was implemented.

General images

The following are images from various Peru-related articles on Wikipedia.

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Humala in 2016

Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso (Latin American Spanish: [oˈʝanta mojˈses uˈmala ˈtaso]; born 27 June 1962) is a Peruvian politician and former military officer who served as president of Peru from 2011 to 2016. Originally a socialist and left-wing nationalist, he is considered to have shifted towards neoliberalism and the political centre during his presidency. In 2025, he and his wife Nadine Heredia were sentenced to 15 years in jail for money laundering involving Brazilian company Odebrecht.

Nadine is a fugitive from justice and has sought asylum in Brazil, where she is hiding from Peruvian justice. (Full article...)

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Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa

Peruvian writer, politician, journalist, and essayist Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa in The War of the End of the World
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Basic facts & figures

National Symbol Capital Currency Time zone National Anthem Language Population census
City of Lima Sol Peru Time Somos libres Spanish Population (28,220,764)
Symbols of Peru City of Lima Sol Somos libres Spanish 33,726,000
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More did you know...

Andrés Avelino Cáceres

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Peru Topics

‹ The template Culture of Peru is being considered for merging. ›
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Recognized content

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WikiProjects

WikiProject Peru
WikiProject Peru

WikiProject South America
WikiProject Latin America
WikiProject Countries
South America Latin America Countries
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