Kashim Biri
| Kashim Biri | |
|---|---|
| Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire | |
| Reign | 13th century |
| Predecessor | Kade I |
| Successor | Jalil or Biri II Ibrahim |
| Dynasty | Sayfawa dynasty |
| Father | Dunama II Dabbalemi |
| Mother | Zainab |
Kashim Biri (Kashim Biri bin Dunama[1]), also called Biri and Uthman,[2] was mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire[2][3] at some point between 1259 and 1290,[1] in a period of succession conflict between the sons of Dunama II Dabbalemi.[2] Kashim Biri was a son of Dunama II and his consort Zainab.[2] Kashim Biri succeeded his brother Kade I as mai, and was himself succeeded by either Jalil or Biri II Ibrahim.[2]
Bosworth (1996) considers Kashim Biri and Biri II Ibrahim to be the same figure[1] whereas Cohen (1966)[2] and Stewart (1989)[3] separate the two.[2]
The earliest reference to the Fulani in Kanem-Bornu dates to Kashim Biri's reign, when they arrived as envoys of the Emperor of Mali.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2012) [1996]. The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. p. 126. ISBN 0-7486-2137-7.
- ^ a b c d e f g Cohen, Ronald (1966). "The Bornu King Lists". Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History. Boston University Press. p. 80.
- ^ a b Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers: An Encyclopedia of Native, Colonial and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present. McFarland & Company. pp. 33–34, 146.
- ^ Njeuma, Martin Zachary (1969). The rise and fall of Fulani rule in Adamawa 1809-1901. SOAS University of London. p. 18.
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