Timeline of Nanjing

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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.

Prehistory

• c. 600,000 BCE - Nanjing Man (Homo erectus) active.
• 7000 BCE - Beiyinyangying culture (北阴阳营文化, Běiyīnyángyíng wénhuà) active in Neolithic China.^[1]
• 3000s BCE - Dawenkou, Majiabang, and Songze cultures active.
• 2000s BCE - Liangzhu and Hushu cultures (湖熟文化, Húshú wénhuà) active.

Zhou dynasty

• 472 BCE - Castle built near Yuhuatai by Yue (state).^[2]

Three Kingdoms

A 1935 map of the development of Nanjing from the Three Kingdoms to the Taiping Rebellion^[3]

• 229 CE - City becomes the capital of the Wu Kingdom.^[1]
• 258 - Imperial University founded.

Jin dynasty

• 313 - City renamed "Jiankang."^[2]
• 317 - Capital of Eastern Jin Dynasty relocated to Jiankang.^[4]

Northern & Southern Dynasties

• 420 - City becomes capital of the Liu Song Dynasty.^[2]
• 479 - City becomes capital of the Southern Qi Dynasty.^[2]
• 502 - City becomes capital of the Liang dynasty.^[2]
• 548–552 - Hou Jing Disturbance, including the city's besiegement, starvation, and massacre.
• 557 - City becomes capital of the Chen Dynasty.^[2]

Five Dynasties & Ten Kingdoms

• 937 - Nan Tang in power.^[2]

Song dynasty

• 1168 - Jiangnan Examination Hall built.^{[citation needed]}

Ming dynasty

Map of Ming-era Nanjing, then known as Jinling or Yingtian

A fanciful imagining of Nanjing c. 1668 based on the Jesuit accounts

• 1367 - Construction of Ming Palace begun, completed in 1368.
• 1368 - City becomes capital of Ming Dynasty, renamed Yingtian.
• 1373 - Hongwu Emperor substantially expands Ming Palace compound, completed in 1375.
• 1381 - Imperial University campus relocated to Xuanwu Lake.^[5]
• 1382 - Drum Tower built.^[2]
• 1386 - City Wall of Nanjing and Jubao Gate constructed.
• 1408 - Yongle Encyclopedia written.
• 1421 - Capital of Ming Dynasty relocated from Nanjing to Beijing.^[2]
• 1430 - Porcelain Tower of Nanjing built.^[6][7]
• 1441 - Major Yangtze flood.

Qing dynasty

1915 model of the Porcelain Pagoda, destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion

• 1645 - Qing conquest of Nanjing; Nanzhili reorganized as Jiangnan, later divided into Jiangsu and Anhui
• 1657 - City besieged by forces of Koxinga.^[8]
• 1723 - Viceroy of Liangjiang residence relocated to Nanjing.^[8]
• 1842
  • British in power.^[7]
  • August 29: City the site of the Treaty of Nanking.^[7]
• 1853 - Taiping conquest of Nanjing in the First Battle of Nanjing.
• 1856 - Second Battle of Nanjing.
• 1858 - City designated a treaty port under the Treaties of Tianjin.^[7]
• 1864 - Third Battle of Nanking.^[7]
• 1870 - Chaotian Palace and Presidential Palace built.
• 1890 - Naval college opens.^[7]
• 1899 - Foreign trade begins.^{[8][dubious – discuss]}
• 1902 - Sanjiang Normal College (later renamed Nanjing Normal University) founded.^[2][7]
• 1907 - Jiangnan Library opens.
• 1909 - Shanghai–Nanjing railway opens.^[7]
• 1910
  • Nanyang industrial exposition.^[8]
  • Population: 140,000 (approximate).^[7]
• 1911
  • November 10: City besieged by Manchu forces.^[9]
  • December 2: Rebels take city.

Republic of China

Piles of bodies beside the Yangtze River during the Nanjing Massacre

• 1921 - Population: 380,000.^[10]
• 1926 -
  • March 12: Sun Yat-sen dies.
• 1927
  • March: Nanjing Incident.
  • Nanjing Special (No.1) Popular Library founded.
• 1928
  • Central Guoshu Institute established.
  • Liu Chi-wen becomes mayor.^{[citation needed]}
• 1929 - Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum completed.
• 1930 - Wei Tao-ming becomes mayor.^{[citation needed]}
• 1931 - City becomes capital of the Republic of China.
• 1935 - Nanjing–Tongling railway opens.
• 1936 - Jiangsu Art Gallery founded.^{[citation needed]}
• 1937
  • Nanking Safety Zone set up.
  • December 9: Battle of Nanking begins.
  • December 12: USS Panay incident.
  • December 13: Japanese forces take city.
• 1937–1938 - Nanjing Massacre.
• 1940
  • City becomes capital of the Reorganized National Government of China.
  • Cai Pei becomes mayor.^{[citation needed]}
• 1941 - Zhou Xuechang becomes mayor.
• 1949 - April 23: People's Liberation Army takes city.

People's Republic of China

1:250,000 AMS map of the walled city of Nanjing ("Nanking" or "Nan-ching") and surrounding areas in the 1940s and 1950s

• 1952 - Nanjing College of Aviation Industry^[2] and Wutaishan Sports Center founded.
• 1953 - Nanjing University of Science and Technology founded.^[2]
• 1957 - Population: 1,419,000.^[11]
• 1958 - Taiping Kingdom History Museum opens.
• 1968
  • Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge constructed.^[12]
  • Nanjing Railway Station opens.
• 1988
  • December: Nanjing anti-African protests.
  • Nanjing High-tech Industrial Development Zone established.^[13]
• 1994 - Jiangsu Sainty Football Club formed.
• 1995 - City administration re-organized.^[2]
• 1996 - Jiangsu Dragons basketball team formed.
• 1997 - Lukou Airport opens.
• 2000 - Jiangning District becomes part of Nanjing municipality.^[13]
• 2001 - Second Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge constructed.
• 2002
  • Jiangpu and Liuhe districts become part of Nanjing municipality.^[13]
  • Luo Zhijun becomes mayor.^{[citation needed]}
• 2004 - Longtan Containers Port Area opens.
• 2005
  • Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center opens.
  • Nanjing Metro and Nanjing–Qidong Railway begins operating.^[2]
  • 10th National Games of China held.
• 2008
  • Hefei–Nanjing Passenger Railway begins operating.
  • World Urban Forum held.
• 2009 - Zifeng Tower built.
• 2010
  • July 28: Chemical plant explosion.
  • Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge built.
• 2013 - Air pollution in Nanjing reaches annual mean of 72 PM2.5 and 137 PM10, much higher than recommended.^[14]

See also

• Nanjing history
• List of Nanjing art groups
• Population of Nanking in December of 1937
• Urbanization in China

References

Citations

1. Schellinger 1996.
2. Kenneth Pletcher, ed. (2011). Geography of China: Sacred and Historic Places. Britannica Educational Publishing.
3. Herrmann, Alfred (1935), Historical and Commercial Atlas of China, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, p. 57.
4. Chye Kiang Heng (1999), Cities of Aristocrats and Bureaucrats: the Development of Medieval Chinese Cityscapes, Singapore University Press, ISBN 9971692236
5. Chia 2005.
6. C.C. Clarke (1820), The Hundred Wonders of the World (8th ed.), London: Phillips & Co.
7. Britannica 1910.
8. Madrolle 1912.
9. "Manchus' Day of Massacre" (PDF). New York Times. 11 November 1911.
10. Chu 1922.
11. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279. Nanking
12. Meine Pieter Van Dijk (2006), Managing Cities in Developing Countries, Edward Elgar Publishing, ISBN 9781845428808
13. Ivan Cucco (2008), "The Professional Middle Class", in David S.G. Goodman (ed.), The New Rich in China, Routledge, ISBN 9780415455640
14. World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on 28 March 2014

This article incorporates information from the Chinese Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Published in the 14th–19th centuries

• Hongwu Jingcheng Tuzhi [Illustrated Gazetteer of the Capital in the Hongwu Era]. 1395.
• Chu Chih-fan; Lu Shou-po (1624). Jinling Tuyong [Gazetteer of Nanjing]. [1][2]
• Johannes Nieuhof (1668), "(Nanking)", Legatio batavica ad magnum Tartariæ chamum Sungteium, modernum Sinæ imperatorem (in Latin), Amstelodami: Jacob von Meurs, OCLC 2134985
• Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Nanking", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
• Douglas, Robert Kennaway (1885). "Nanking" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (9th ed.). pp. 171–172.

Published in the 20th century

• Louis Gaillard (1901), Nanking Port ouvert, Nankin d'alors et d'aujourd'hui (in French), Chang-Hai: Imprimerie de la Mission Catholique, OL 14264158M
• Louis Gaillard (1903), Aperçu historique et géographique [Historical and geographical overview], Nankin d'alors et d'aujourd'hui (in French), Chang-Hai: Impr. de la Mission catholique, OCLC 6976461, OL 6962395M
• "Nanking" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 162.
• Claudius Madrolle (1912), "Nanking", Northern China, Paris: Hachette & Company, OCLC 8741409
• Coching Chu (1922), The climate of Nanking during the period 1905-1921, Nanking, OL 7245788M
• Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996), "Nanjing", International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania, Routledge, ISBN 9781884964046

Published in the 21st century

• Lucille Chia (2005). "Of Three Mountains Street: the Commercial Publishers of Ming Nanjing". Printing and Book Culture in Late Imperial China. University of California Press.

External links

• Items related to Nanjing, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).
• Items related to Nanking, various dates (via Europeana).

32°03′00″N 118°46′00″E / 32.05°N 118.766667°E / 32.05; 118.766667