Sceptridium

  1. Home
  2. Wiki

Sceptridium
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Ophioglossales
Family: Ophioglossaceae
Subfamily: Botrychioideae
Genus: Sceptridium
Lyon
Type species
Sceptridium obliquum
(Muhl. ex Willdenow) Lyon
Species

See text

Synonyms
  • Holubiella Skoda

Sceptridium is a genus of seedless vascular plants in the family Ophioglossaceae,[1] closely allied to (and often included as a subgenus[2] of) the genus Botrychium (the moonworts and grapeferns). It is also closely related to the genus Botrypus (the rattlesnake fern, often treated as the subgenus Osmundopteris under Botrychium). Sceptridium species are commonly called the grape-ferns.

These plants are small with fleshy roots, and reproduce by spores shed into the air. They differ from the moonworts in having at least some sterile fronds (all fronds in Botrychium are spore-bearing), and in the fronds being bi- or tri-pinnate (Botrychium are single pinnate, or rarely bipinnate); and from Botrypus in being evergreen, or at least winter-green (Botrypus are deciduous) and having the non-spore-bearing part of the frond long-stalked (short-stalked in Botrypus).

Taxonomy

[edit]

The Smith et al. classification of 2006, based on molecular phylogeny, lumped Sceptridium within Botrychium, in the Ophioglossaceae,[3] which was continued in the Christenhusz et al. classification of 2011[4] and the Christenhusz and Chase classification of 2014.[5] It is recognized as a distinct genus in Ophioglossaceae by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).[6]

Phylogeny

[edit]

Phylogeny of Sceptridium[7][8]

(Hiemobotrychium)

S. lunarioides (Michaux) Holub (winter grapefern)[9]

(Sceptridium)

S. schaffneri (Underwood) Lyon[10]

S. decompositum (von Martius & Gal.) Lyon

S. daucifolium (Wallich ex Hooker & Greville) Lyon

S. atrovirens Sahashi

S. formosanum (Tagawa) Holub

S. microphyllum Sahashi

S. triangularifolium Sahashi

S. × pseudoternatum (Sahashi)

S. nipponicum (Makino) Holub

S. robustum (Rupr.) Lyon

S. multifidum (Gmelin) Nishida ex Tag. (leather grape-fern)[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]

S. oneidense (Gilbert) Holub (blunt-leaved grape-fern)[11][18][19][20]

S. dissectum (Spreng.) Lyon (cut-leaved grape-fern)[11][21][22][23][24]

S. biternatum (Sav.) Lyon (sparse-lobed grapefern, southern grapefern)[25]

S. japonicum (Prantl) Lyon

S. ternatum (Thunberg) Lyon

Unassigned species:

Botrychium rugulosum

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2.
  2. ^ subgenus Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 16 Jan 2012
  3. ^ Smith, Alan R.; Pryer, Kathleen M.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Korall, Petra; Schneider, Harald; Wolf, Paul G. (2006). "A classification for extant ferns" (PDF). Taxon. 55 (3): 705–731. doi:10.2307/25065646. JSTOR 25065646.
  4. ^ Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2.
  5. ^ Christenhusz, Maarten J.M.; Chase, Mark W. (2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (9): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC 3936591. PMID 24532607.
  6. ^ PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
  7. ^ Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC 9449725. PMID 36092417.
  8. ^ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.7.0 (GenBank release 261). 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  9. ^ "PteridoPortal - Sceptridium lunarioides". www.pteridoportal.org. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  10. ^ B. schaffneri Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 04 Jan 2012
  11. ^ a b c d [1] MICHIGAN FLORA ONLINE. A. A. Reznicek, E. G. Voss, & B. S. Walters. February 2011. University of Michigan. Web. January 16, 2012
  12. ^ Mesipuu, Meeli; R. P. Shefferson; T. Kull (2009). "Weather and herbivores influence fertility in the endangered fern Botrychium multifidum (S.G. Gmel.) Rupr". Plant Ecology. 203 (1): 23–31. Bibcode:2009PlEco.203...23M. doi:10.1007/s11258-008-9501-3. S2CID 13072960.
  13. ^ B. multifidum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Dec 2011
  14. ^ B. multifidum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
  15. ^ NRCS. "Botrychium multifidum". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
  16. ^ B. multifidum Archived 2016-11-19 at the Wayback Machine University of Wisconsin, Cofrin Center for Biodiversity, Ferns and Fern Allies of Wisconsin. 26 Dec 2011
  17. ^ BotrychiumArchived 2013-03-17 at the Wayback Machine Robert W. Freckmann Herbarium, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point 02 Jan 2012
  18. ^ NRCS. "Botrychium oneidense". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 16 Jan 2012.
  19. ^ B. oneidense Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
  20. ^ Botrychium oneidense Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 16 Jan 2012
  21. ^ Montgomery, James D. (1990). "Survivorship and Predation Changes in Five Populations of Botrychium dissectum in Eastern Pennsylvania". American Fern Journal. 4. 80 (4): 173–182. doi:10.2307/1547206. JSTOR 1547206.
  22. ^ B. dissectum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Dec 2011
  23. ^ B. dissectum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
  24. ^ B. obliquum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 16 Jan 2012
  25. ^ B. biternatum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
  26. ^ Kelly, Dave (1994). "Demography and conservation of Botrychium australe, a peculiar, sparse mycorrhizal fern". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 32 (4): 393–400. Bibcode:1994NZJB...32..393K. doi:10.1080/0028825x.1994.10412925.
  27. ^ B. australe Plants for a Future 26 Dec 2011
  28. ^ B. biforme International Plant Names Index (IPNI) 02 Jan 2012
  29. ^ S. biforme International Plant Names Index (IPNI) 02 Jan 2012
  30. ^ B. jenmanii Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
  31. ^ B. jenmanii Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Dec 2011
  32. ^ B. alabamense Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 27 Dec 2011
  33. ^ B. rugulosum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Dec 2011
  34. ^ B. rugulosum Robert W. Freckmann Herbarium, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point 27 Dec 2011
  35. ^ NRCS. "Sceptridium subbifoliatum". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 16 Jan 2012.
  36. ^ B. subbifoliatum International Plant Names Index 27 Dec 2011
  37. ^ B. subbifoliatum ITIS taxonomy 26 Dec 2011
  38. ^ B. underwoodianum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 27 Dec 2011
  39. ^ S. underwoodianum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 27 Dec 2011