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The Energy Portal Welcome to Wikipedia's Energy portal, your gateway to energy. This portal is aimed at giving you access to all energy related topics in all of its forms.

Page contents: Selected article • Selected image • Selected biography • Did you know? • General images • Quotations • Related portals • Wikiprojects • Major topics • Categories • Help • Associated Wikimedia

Introduction

A plasma globe using electrical energy to create plasma, light, heat, movement, and a faint sound

Energy (from Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia) 'activity') is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light. Energy is a conserved quantity—the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed. The unit of measurement for energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule (J).

Forms of energy include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object (for instance due to its position in a field), the elastic energy stored in a solid object, chemical energy associated with chemical reactions, the radiant energy carried by electromagnetic radiation, the internal energy contained within a thermodynamic system, and rest energy associated with an object's rest mass. These are not mutually exclusive.

All living organisms constantly take in and release energy. The Earth's climate and ecosystems processes are driven primarily by radiant energy from the Sun. (Full article...)

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Selected article

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC /ˈoʊpɛk/ OH-pek) is an organization enabling the co-operation of leading oil-producing and oil-dependent countries in order to collectively influence the global oil market and maximize profit. It was founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. The organization, which currently comprises 12 member countries, accounted for 38 percent of global oil production, according to a 2022 report. Additionally, it is estimated that 79.5 percent of the world's proven oil reserves are located within OPEC nations, with the Middle East alone accounting for 67.2 percent of OPEC's total reserves.

In a series of steps in the 1960s and 1970s, OPEC restructured the global system of oil production in favor of oil-producing states and away from an oligopoly of dominant Anglo-American oil firms (the "Seven Sisters"). In the 1970s, restrictions in oil production led to a dramatic rise in oil prices with long-lasting and far-reaching consequences for the global economy. Since the 1980s, OPEC has had a limited impact on world oil-supply and oil-price stability, as there is frequent cheating by members on their commitments to one another, and as member commitments reflect what they would do even in the absence of OPEC. (Full article...)

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Selected image

Photo credit: Senior Airman Joshua Strang, United States Air Force
An aurora, caused by the release of energy as charged particles collide with atoms in the Earth's upper atmosphere.

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Did you know?

• During World War I, the German Army produced shale oil from Yarmouk oil shale deposits in Jordan to operate the Hijazi Railway (pictured)?

• Dennis Spurgeon, formerly chief operating officer at uranium supplier USEC Inc., became the United States Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy in 2006?

• Japan Canada Oil Sands Limited was the first offshore oil company to exploit the Athabasca oil sands in Canada?

• Teesside Power Station is the largest combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant in Europe.?

• The Klaipėda Geothermal Demonstration Plant in Lithuania was the first geothermal plant in the Baltic Sea region?

• Hitachi Zosen Corporation built the first oil tanker in Japan in 1908 per an order by Standard Oil Company?

• Coalbed methane is a form of natural gas extracted from coal beds?

• When constructed in 1906, the Baku–Batumi pipeline was the world's longest kerosene pipeline?

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Selected biography

Roman Arkadyevich Abramovich (born 24 October 1966 in Saratov, Russia) is a Jewish Russian oil billionaire and one of the Russian oligarchs.

Between 1992 and 1995, after Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev's 'perestroika' economic reforms permitted the opening of small private businesses, Abramovich founded five companies that eventually evolved to specialize in the trading of oil and oil products. With the approved by Boris Yeltsin, in 1995 Roman Abramovich and partner Boris Berezovsky paid $100m for a controlling interest in the major Russian Sibneft oil company, then valued at $150 million. Berezovsky subsequently sold his stake to Abramovich after fleeing to London. In September 2005 Abramovich sold his interest in Sibneft to state energy giant Gazprom for $13 billion.

Despite maintaining that his primary residence is Moscow, in 2006 Abramovich was named as the second-wealthiest person in the United Kingdom. His property investments and other assets were estimated at £10.8 billion. In June 2003, Abramovich became the owner of the companies that control Chelsea Football Club (soccer club). He also became the world's greatest spender on luxury yachts, with four boats in what the media have called the 'Abramovich Navy'.

Although he rarely visits the area, in October 2005 Abramovich was reappointed governor of the impoverished Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the Russian Far East where he has made significant financial contributions. He was originally elected to the governorship in 1999.

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In the news

15 October 2025 – Russo-Ukrainian war, Russia–United Kingdom relations, International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian war

The United Kingdom imposes new sanctions on Russian energy companies Lukoil and Rosneft. (RBC-Ukraine)

7 October 2025 – 2025 Nobel Prizes, Nobel Prize in Physics

John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John M. Martinis are jointly awarded this year's Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantization in an electric circuit. (Euronews)

5 October 2025 – 2025 Ecuador protests

Ecuador enforces a state of emergency in ten provinces amid ongoing Indigenous-led protests against the government's removal of a fuel subsidy that increased diesel prices. (AP)

1 October 2025 – Russo-Ukrainian war

The Ukrainian energy ministry declares an "emergency situation" at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant as the New Safe Confinement structure meant to prevent radioactive material from spreading into the environment experiences a three-hour power outage due to a Russian drone strike on an energy facility in nearby Slavutych, Kyiv Oblast. (The Kyiv Independent)

29 September 2025 – 2025 Malagasy protests

Madagascar president Andry Rajoelina dismisses Prime Minister Christian Ntsay and his cabinet following protests over electricity and water shortages that left dozens dead and injured, while announcing an interim government until a replacement is appointed. (AP)

General images

The following are images from various energy-related articles on Wikipedia.

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  Image 1For cooking, electric induction stoves are one of the most energy-efficient and safest options. (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 2A woman in rural Rajasthan, India, collects firewood. The use of wood and other polluting fuels for cooking causes millions of deaths each year from indoor and outdoor air pollution. (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 3Pico hydroelectricity in Mondulkiri, Cambodia (from Hydroelectricity)
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  Image 4Wind turbines in Xinjiang, China
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  Image 5Countries' proven natural gas reserves (2014), based on data from The World Factbook (from Natural gas)
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  Image 6The launching ceremony of USS Nautilus January 1954. In 1958 it would become the first vessel to reach the North Pole. (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 7The multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator (MMRTG), used in several space missions such as the Curiosity Mars rover (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 8Cooling towers at a geothermal power plant in Larderello, Italy
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  Image 9A micro-hydro facility in Vietnam (from Hydroelectricity)
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  Image 10Dry cask storage vessels storing spent nuclear fuel assemblies (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 11Guri Dam, a hydroelectric dam in Venezuela (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 12The status of nuclear power globally (click for legend) (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 13Sample of crude oil (petroleum) (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 14The oil refinery in Haifa, Israel, is capable of processing about 9 million tons (66 million barrels) of crude oil a year. Its two cooling towers are landmarks of the city's skyline. (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 15Typical composition of uranium dioxide fuel before and after approximately three years in the once-through nuclear fuel cycle of a LWR (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 16Death rates per unit of electricity production for different energy sources (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 17Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System with all three towers under load (from Solar power)
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  Image 18Schematics of a grid-connected residential PV power system (from Solar power)
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  Image 19The location of shale gas compared to other types of gas deposits (from Natural gas)
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  Image 20The Ffestiniog Power Station can generate 360 MW of electricity within 60 seconds of the demand arising. (from Hydroelectricity)
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  Image 21Buildings in the Solar Settlement at Schlierberg, Germany, produce more energy than they consume. They incorporate rooftop solar panels and are built for maximum energy efficiency. (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 22Pile of asphalt-covered aggregate for formation into asphalt concrete (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 23Sample of gasoline (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 24Natural gas burning on a gas stove (from Natural gas)
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  Image 25South America (from Solar power)
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  Image 26Hydro generation by country, 2021 (from Hydroelectricity)
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  Image 27The Hoover Dam in the United States is a large conventional dammed-hydro facility, with an installed capacity of 2,080 MW. (from Hydroelectricity)
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  Image 28The Leibstadt Nuclear Power Plant in Switzerland (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 29A gas bill from Baltimore, Maryland, 1834, for manufactured coal gas, before the introduction of ground-extracted methane gas. (from Natural gas)
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  Image 30Africa and Middle East (from Solar power)
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  Image 31Honda Civic GX, a natural gas-powered automobile sold in North America from 1998 to 2015 (from Natural gas)
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  Image 32Burning of natural gas coming out of the ground (from Natural gas)
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  Image 33Refinery, Bayport Industrial Complex, Harris County, Texas (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 34The Warwick Castle water-powered generator house, used for the generation of electricity for the castle from 1894 until 1940 (from Hydroelectricity)
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  Image 35Community solar farm in the town of Wheatland, Wisconsin (from Solar power)
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  Image 36Geothermal power center in the Usulután Department, El Salvador (from Geothermal power)
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  Image 37Nuclear fuel assemblies being inspected before entering a pressurized water reactor in the United States (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 38Example of energy policy decisions: The goal of the Southern Gas Corridor, which connects the giant Shah Deniz gas field in Azerbaijan to Europe, is to reduce Europe's dependency on Russian gas. (from Energy policy)
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  Image 39Proportions of the isotopes uranium-238 (blue) and uranium-235 (red) found in natural uranium and in enriched uranium for different applications. Light water reactors use 3–5% enriched uranium, while CANDU reactors work with natural uranium. (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 40Trends in the top five geothermal electricity-generating countries, 1980–2012 (US EIA) (from Geothermal power)
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  Image 41The growth of solar PV on a semi-log scale since 1996 (from Solar power)
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  Image 42Natural gas extraction by countries in cubic meters per year around 2013 (from Natural gas)
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  Image 43Natural gas drilling rig in Texas, US (from Natural gas)
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  Image 44The first light bulbs ever lit by electricity generated by nuclear power at EBR-1 at Argonne National Laboratory-West (now the Idaho National Laboratory), December 20, 1951. (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 45Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of electricity supply technologies, median values calculated by IPCC (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 46Schematic of the ITER tokamak under construction in France (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 47Utility cycling infrastructure, such as this bike lane in Vancouver, encourages sustainable transport. (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 48A pipeline odorant injection station (from Natural gas)
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  Image 49Motor oil (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 50China's count of multi-country patent filings has surged since the mid-2010s, leading in batteries and solar, though Europe still dominates in wind energy and smart grids. China also leads in highly cited publications in global peer-reviewed journals. (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 51Part of the 354 MW Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) parabolic trough solar complex in northern San Bernardino County, California (from Solar power)
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  Image 52Most waste packaging, small-scale experimental fuel recycling chemistry and radiopharmaceutical refinement is conducted within remote-handled hot cells. (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 53Deaths caused by use of fossil fuels such as natural gas (areas of rectangles in chart) greatly exceed those resulting from production of wind energy, nuclear energy or solar energy (rectangles barely visible in chart). (from Natural gas)
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  Image 54Nuclear waste flasks generated by the United States during the Cold War are stored underground at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New Mexico. The facility is seen as a potential demonstration for storing spent fuel from civilian reactors. (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 55Peoples Gas Manlove Field natural gas storage area in Newcomb Township, Champaign County, Illinois. In the foreground (left) is one of the numerous wells for the underground storage area, with an LNG plant, and above-ground storage tanks are in the background (right). (from Natural gas)
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  Image 56By 2025, investment in the energy transition had grown to about twice that for fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal). (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 57Map of solar resources from World bank (from Solar power)
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  Image 58Natural gas processing plant in Aderklaa, Lower Austria (from Natural gas)
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  Image 59Following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the world's worst nuclear accident since 1986, 50,000 households were displaced after radiation leaked into the air, soil and sea. Radiation checks led to bans of some shipments of vegetables and fish. (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 60A sugarcane plantation to produce ethanol in Brazil (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 61Storage tanks and towers at Shell Puget Sound Refinery (Shell Oil Company), Anacortes, Washington (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 62Anacortes Refinery, on the north end of March Point southeast of Anacortes, Washington, United States (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 63Geothermal generation by country, 2021 (from Geothermal power)
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  Image 64Refinery of Slovnaft in Bratislava (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 65Cylinders of liquified petroleum gas (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 66South and South-East Asia (from Solar power)
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  Image 67Deaths caused as a result of fossil fuel use (areas of rectangles in chart) greatly exceed those resulting from production of sustainable energy (rectangles barely visible in chart). (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 68A comparison of levelized cost of energy (LCOE) over time for nuclear power and other sources. While wind turbines and solar panels can be mass-produced and thus enjoy learning curve effects, nuclear are almost always one-of-a-kind projects due to the limited number of reactors being built. The source of this chart, Our World in Data notes that the costs presented here is the global average, and these costs were driven up by 2 projects in the United States. The organization recognises that the median cost of the most exported and produced nuclear energy facility in the 2010s the South Korean APR1400, remained "constant", including in export. (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 69A geothermal power station in Negros Oriental, Philippines (from Geothermal power)
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  Image 70The nuclear fuel cycle begins when uranium is mined, enriched, and manufactured into nuclear fuel (1), which is delivered to a nuclear power plant. After use, the spent fuel is delivered to a reprocessing plant (2) or to a final repository (3). In nuclear reprocessing, 95% of spent fuel can potentially be recycled to be returned to use in a power plant (4). (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 71Since 1985, the proportion of electricity generated from low-carbon sources has increased only slightly. Advances in deploying renewables have been mostly offset by declining shares of nuclear power. (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 72Global geothermal electric capacity. Upper red line is installed capacity; lower green line is realized production. (from Geothermal power)
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  Image 73Benefitting from favorable policies and declining costs of modules, photovoltaic solar installation has grown consistently. In 2023, China added 60% of the world's new capacity. (from Solar power)
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  Image 74Electrified transport and renewable energy are key areas of investment for the renewable energy transition. (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 75Kenyan dairy farmer lighting a biogas lamp. Biogas produced from biomass is a renewable energy source that can be burned for cooking or light. (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 76Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation. The fractions at the top of the fractionating column have lower boiling points than the fractions at the bottom. The heavy bottom fractions are often cracked into lighter, more useful products. All of the fractions are processed further in other refining units. (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 77World map showing where people without access to electricity lived in 2016⁠—mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian subcontinent (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 78Yearly hydro generation by continent (from Hydroelectricity)
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  Image 79Polyethylene plastic main being placed in a trench (from Natural gas)
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  Image 80Oil refinery in Brod, Republika Srpska (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 81Australia (from Solar power)
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  Image 82Construction close to high pressure gas transmission pipelines is discouraged, often with standing warning signs. (from Natural gas)
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  Image 83Reactor decay heat as a fraction of full power after the reactor shutdown, using two different correlations. To remove the decay heat, reactors need cooling after the shutdown of the fission reactions. A loss of the ability to remove decay heat caused the Fukushima accident. (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 84Oil refinery in Iran (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 85Yearly solar generation by continent (from Solar power)
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  Image 86The town of Pripyat abandoned since 1986, with the Chernobyl plant and the Chernobyl New Safe Confinement arch in the distance (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 87Sulphur (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 88Natural gas bus in Salamanca, Spain (from Natural gas)
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  Image 89Grangemouth Refinery, in Scotland (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 90Gas network emergency vehicle responding to a major fire in Kyiv, Ukraine (from Natural gas)
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  Image 91The 120-MW_e Nesjavellir power station in southwest Iceland (from Geothermal power)
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  Image 92Russia was a key oil and gas supplier to Europe (map from 2013). This changed with the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. (from Energy policy)
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  Image 93The Ikata Nuclear Power Plant, a pressurized water reactor that cools by using a secondary coolant heat exchanger with a large body of water, an alternative cooling approach to large cooling towers (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 94Passive cooling features, such as these windcatcher towers in Iran, bring cool air into buildings without any use of energy. (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 95Sample of kerosene (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 96Neste Oil refinery in Porvoo, Finland (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 97Anti-nuclear protest near nuclear waste disposal centre at Gorleben in northern Germany (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 98Baton Rouge Refinery (the sixth-largest in the United States) (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 99Olkiluoto 3 under construction in 2009. It was the first EPR, a modernized PWR design, to start construction. (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 100A parabolic collector concentrates sunlight onto a tube in its focal point. (from Solar power)
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  Image 101Thomas Young - the first to use the term "energy" to refer to kinetic energy in its modern sense, in 1802. (from History of energy)
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  Image 102Schematic flow diagram of a typical crude oil distillation unit as used in petroleum crude oil refineries (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 103A breakdown of the products made from a typical barrel of US oil (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 104The U.S. and Russia have been the predominant producers of natural gas. (from Natural gas)
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  Image 105Acceptance of wind and solar facilities in one's community is stronger among U.S. Democrats (blue), while acceptance of nuclear power plants is stronger among U.S. Republicans (red). (from Solar power)
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  Image 106Electricity production by source (from Solar power)
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  Image 107Manhole for domestic gas supply, London, UK (from Natural gas)
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  Image 108Actual annual deployments of solar PV vs predictions by the IEA for the period 2002–2016. Predictions have largely and consistently underestimated actual growth. (from Solar power)
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  Image 109Global energy usage is highly unequal. High income countries such as the United States and Canada use 100 times as much energy per capita as some of the least developed countries in Africa. (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 110The Three Gorges Dam in Central China is the world's largest power-producing facility of any kind. (from Hydroelectricity)
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  Image 111Jamnagar Refinery, the world's largest oil refinery, in Gujarat, India (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 112Several countries and the European Union have committed to dates for all new cars to be zero-emissions vehicles. (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 113The outdoor section of a heat pump. In contrast to oil and gas boilers, they use electricity and are highly efficient. As such, electrification of heating can significantly reduce emissions. (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 114Schematic flow diagram of a typical natural gas processing plant (from Natural gas)
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  Image 115Activity of spent UOx fuel in comparison to the activity of natural uranium ore over time (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 116Europe (from Solar power)
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  Image 117A photovoltaic power station in California, United States
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  Image 118Cracks at the historic Town Hall of Staufen im Breisgau presumed due to damage from geothermal drilling (from Geothermal power)
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  Image 119The Calder Hall nuclear power station in the United Kingdom, the world's first commercial nuclear power station (from Nuclear power)
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  Image 120The warming influence (called radiative forcing) of long-lived greenhouse gases has increased substantially in the last 40 years, with carbon dioxide and methane being the dominant drivers of global warming. (from Natural gas)
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  Image 121Greenhouse gas emissions per energy source. Solar power is one of the sources with the least greenhouse gas emissions. (from Solar power)
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  Image 122Measurement of the tailrace and forebay rates at the Limestone Generating Station in Manitoba, Canada (from Hydroelectricity)
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  Image 123Merowe Dam in Sudan. Hydroelectric power stations that use dams submerge large areas of land due to the requirement of a reservoir. These changes to land color or albedo, alongside certain projects that concurrently submerge rainforests, can in these specific cases result in the global warming impact, or equivalent life-cycle greenhouse gases of hydroelectricity projects, to potentially exceed that of coal power stations. (from Hydroelectricity)
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  Image 124Museum Hydroelectric power plant "Under the Town" in Užice, Serbia, built in 1900 (from Hydroelectricity)
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  Image 125Enhanced geothermal system 1:Reservoir 2:Pump house 3:Heat exchanger 4:Turbine hall 5:Production well 6:Injection well 7:Hot water to district heating 8:Porous sediments 9:Observation well 10:Crystalline bedrock (from Geothermal power)
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  Image 126Part of the Senftenberg Solarpark, a solar photovoltaic power plant located on former open-pit mining areas close to the city of Senftenberg, in Eastern Germany. The 78 MW Phase 1 of the plant was completed within three months. (from Solar power)
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  Image 127Fire-extinguishing operations after the Texas City refinery explosion (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 128Clean energy investment has benefited from post-pandemic economic recovery, a global energy crisis involving high fossil fuel prices, and growing policy support across various nations. By 2025, investment in the energy transition had grown to about twice that for fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal). (from Sustainable energy)
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  Image 129Yearly geothermal generation by continent (from Geothermal power)
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  Image 130Sample of diesel fuel (from Oil refinery)
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  Image 131North America (from Solar power)
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  Image 132Seasonal cycle of capacity factors for wind and photovoltaics in Europe shown under idealized assumptions. The figure illustrates the balancing effects of wind and solar energy at the seasonal scale (Kaspar et al., 2019). (from Solar power)

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Quotations

• "Without radical international measures to reduce carbon emissions within the next 10 to 15 years, there is compelling evidence to suggest we might lose the chance to control temperature rises. Failure to act will make an increase of between 2 and 5 degrees [3.6 - 9°F] in average temperatures almost inevitable." – Tony Blair, 2006
• "The question is not whether climate change is happening or not, but whether, in the face of this emergency, we ourselves can change fast enough." – Kofi Annan, 2006
• "I promise you a day will come when our children and grandchildren will look back and they will ask one of two questions. Either they will ask, 'What in God's name were they doing? Didn't they see the evidence?' Or, they may look back and say 'How did they find the uncommon moral courage to rise above politics and redeem the promise of American democracy?'" – Al Gore, 2007, on global warming.

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• WikiProject Energy
• Oil megaprojects task force

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• WikiProject Environment
• WikiProject Technology
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Renewable energy Solar power Photovoltaic electricity Solar panel Solar hot water Solar central heating Solar thermal collector Active solar Passive solar Solar thermal energy Biofuels Biomass Biogas Wood gas Bioethanol Biomethanol BioDME Biodiesel Vegetable oil fuel Hydropower Hydroelectricity Small hydro Tidal power Wave power Water turbine Deep lake water cooling Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Wind power Wind turbine Wind farm Geothermal power Hot dry rock (EGS) Geothermal heat pump Earth warming tubes

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