Palato-alveolar ejective affricate
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| Palato-alveolar ejective affricate | |
|---|---|
| tʃʼ | |
| ʧʼ | |
| Audio sample | |
The palato-alveolar ejective affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨t͡ʃʼ⟩. In some languages it is equivalent to a palatal ejective.
Features
[edit]Features of the palato-alveolar ejective affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is postalveolar, which means it is articulated with the tip or blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge.
- Its phonation is un-voiced, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is exclusively allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.
Occurrence
[edit]| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz | ҷыгәӡа[romanization needed] | [tʃʼəɡʷdza] | 'neatly' or 'tidily' | See Abkhaz phonology | |
| Adyghe | кӏако[romanization needed] | ⓘ | 'short' | ||
| Amharic | ጨረቃ[romanization needed] | ⓘ | 'moon' | ||
| Armenian | Yerevan dialect[1] | ճյուղ[romanization needed] | [t͡ʃʼiʊ̯ʁ] | 'branch' | Corresponds to tenuis [t͡ʃ⁼] in other Eastern dialects. |
| Avar | ворчӀами[romanization needed] | [wort͡ʃʼami] | 'hello' | ||
| Aymara | ch'uspa | [t͡ʃ'uspa] | 'ch'uspa' | ||
| Chechen | чӏара / ç̇ara | [t͡ʃʼɑːrə] | 'fish' | ||
| Georgian | ჭა / ch’a | [t͡ʃʼɑ] | 'well' (noun) | ||
| Haida | jjabako | [t͡ʃʼabako] | 'rock hyrax' | ||
| Hausa | tshanya | [t͡ʃʼanja] | 'cricket' | Only found in western Hausa dialects. | |
| Kabardian | кӏэ[romanization needed] | ⓘ | 'tail' | ||
| Keres | shchʼísạ | [ʃtʃʼísḁ] | 'six' | ||
| Laz | ჭრაჭუნირი / ç̌raç̌uniri | [t͡ʃʼrat͡ʃʼuniri] | 'squeaky' | ||
| Lushootseed | č̓uʔ | [t͡ʃʼʉʔ] | 'one' | ||
| Mingrelian | ჭკიჭკიტია / čʼḳičʼḳiṭiɑ | [t͡ʃʼkʼit͡ʃʼkʼitʼia] | 'ant' | ||
| Ossetian | Kudairag | Чъреба | [ˈt͡ʃʼɾebä] | 'Tskhinval' | |
| Q'eqchi' | ch'och' | [t͡ʃʼot͡ʃʼ] | 'earth' | ||
| Quechua | ch'umpi | [t͡ʃʼʊmpɪ] | 'brown' | ||
| Svan | ლენჭყ / lenčʼqʼ | [lɛnt͡ʃʼqʼ] | 'marsh' | ||
| Tlingit | ch'eed | ⓘ | 'duck' | ||
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Dum-Tragut (2009:17–18)
References
[edit]- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
