List of dipodids

Lesser Egyptian jerboa (Jaculus jaculus)

Dipodidae is a family of mammals in the order Rodentia and part of the Myomorpha suborder. Members of this family are called dipodids or jerboas. They are found in Asia, northern Africa, and eastern Europe, primarily in deserts, shrublands, and grasslands, though some species can be found in coastal areas or forests. They range in size from the Baluchistan pygmy jerboa, at 4 cm (2 in) plus a 7 cm (3 in) tail, to the great jerboa, at 23 cm (9 in) plus a 30 cm (12 in) tail. Dipodids are omnivores, and eat a variety of vegetation as well as insects, arachnids, and lizards. No dipodids have population estimates, but no species are categorized as endangered.

The 33 extant species of Dipodidae are divided into 13 genera, divided into 4 subfamilies. Allactaginae contains 16 species in 4 genera, Cardiocraniinae contains 7 species in 3 genera, Dipodinae contains 9 species in 5 genera, and Euchoreutinae contains a single species. Several extinct prehistoric dipodid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries, the exact number and categorization is not fixed.^[1]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories

Conservation status
EX	Extinct (0 species)
EW	Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR	Critically endangered (0 species)
EN	Endangered (0 species)
VU	Vulnerable (0 species)
NT	Near threatened (0 species)
LC	Least concern (26 species)
Other categories
DD	Data deficient (6 species)
NE	Not evaluated (1 species)

The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the dipodid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

Dipodidae is a family consisting of 33 extant species in 13 genera. These genera are divided into four subfamilies: Allactaginae, containing 16 species in 4 genera; Cardiocraniinae, containing 7 species in 3 genera; Dipodinae, containing 9 species in 5 genera; and Euchoreutinae, containing a single species. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.

Family Dipodidae

• Subfamily Allactaginae
  • Genus Allactaga (five-toed jerboas): eight species
  • Genus Allactodipus (Bobrinski's jerboa): one species
  • Genus Pygeretmus (fat-tailed jerboas): three species
  • Genus Scarturus (four- and five-toed jerboas): four species
• Subfamily Cardiocraniinae
  • Genus Cardiocranius (five-toed pygmy jerboa): one species
  • Genus Salpingotulus (Baluchistan pygmy jerboa): one species
  • Genus Salpingotus (three-toed dwarf jerboas): five species
• Subfamily Dipodinae
  • Genus Dipus (northern three-toed jerboa): one species
  • Genus Eremodipus (Lichtenstein's jerboa): one species
  • Genus Jaculus (desert jerboas): three species
  • Genus Paradipus (comb-toed jerboa): one species
  • Genus Stylodipus (thick-tailed three-toed jerboas): three species
• Subfamily Euchoreutinae
  • Genus Euchoreutes (long-eared jerboa): one species

Dipodidae[2] Cardiocraniinae   Cardiocranius Salpingotulus Salpingotus Euchoreutinae   Euchoreutes Allactaginae   Allactaga Allactodipus Pygeretmus Scarturus Dipodinae   Paradipus Dipus Stylodipus Eremodipus Jaculus

Dipodids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.^[3]

Subfamily Allactaginae

Main article: Allactaginae

Genus Allactaga – F. Cuvier, 1836 – eight species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Balikun jerboa	A. balikunica Hsia & Fang, 1964	Southern Mongolia and northern China	Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 17–20 cm (7–8 in) tail[4] Habitat: Shrubland and desert[5] Diet: Roots, tubers, insects and larvae[5]	LC  Unknown [5]
Four-toed jerboa	A. tetradactyla (Lichtenstein, 1823)	Northern Libya and northern Egypt	Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 15–18 cm (6–7 in) tail[6] Habitat: Coastal marine[7] Diet: Vegetation[8]	DD  Unknown [7]
Gobi jerboa	A. bullata Allen, 1925	Southern Mongolia and northern China	Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 15–20 cm (6–8 in) tail[4] Habitat: Grassland and desert[9] Diet: Seeds, roots, tubers, insects and larvae[9]	LC  Unknown [9]
Great jerboa	A. major (Kerr, 1792)	Central and western Asia and eastern Europe	Size: 18–23 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tail[4] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert[10] Diet: Plants and seeds, as well as insects and molluscs[10]	LC  Unknown [10]
Hotson's jerboa	A. hotsoni Thomas, 1920	South-central Asia	Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 16–22 cm (6–9 in) tail[6] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and desert[11] Diet: Vegetation[8]	LC  Unknown [11]
Iranian jerboa	A. firouzi Womochel, 1978	Iran	Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 16–22 cm (6–9 in) tail[6] Habitat: Shrubland and desert[12] Diet: Vegetation[8]	DD  Unknown [12]
Mongolian five-toed jerboa	A. sibirica (Forster, 1778)	Central Asia	Size: 12–18 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 17–24 cm (7–9 in) tail[4] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland[13] Diet: Insects[8]	LC  Unknown [13]
Severtzov's jerboa	A. severtzovi Vinogradov, 1925	Central Asia	Size: 14–19 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 20–25 cm (8–10 in) tail[4] Habitat: Desert[14] Diet: Vegetation[8]	LC  Unknown [14]

Genus Allactodipus – Kolesnikov, 1937 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bobrinski's jerboa	A. bobrinskii Kolesnikov, 1937	Central Asia	Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 17–20 cm (7–8 in) tail[4] Habitat: Desert[15] Diet: Vegetation and insects[15]	LC  Unknown [15]

Genus Pygeretmus – Gloger, 1841 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Dwarf fat-tailed jerboa	P. pumilio (Kerr, 1792)	Central Asia	Size: 9–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 12–18 cm (5–7 in) tail[6] Habitat: Shrubland[16] Diet: Succulent plants, bulbs, roots, and rhizomes[17]	LC  Unknown [16]
Greater fat-tailed jerboa	P. shitkovi (Kuznetsov, 1930)	Kazakhstan	Size: 8–13 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 9–15 cm (4–6 in) tail[6] Habitat: Desert[18] Diet: Vegetation, bulbs, spiders, and insects[19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Lesser fat-tailed jerboa	P. platyurus (Lichtenstein, 1823)	Central Asia	Size: 7–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail[6] Habitat: Desert[20] Diet: Vegetation, bulbs, spiders, and insects[19]	LC  Unknown [20]

Genus Scarturus – Gloger, 1841 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Euphrates jerboa	S. euphratica (Thomas, 1881)	Southwestern Asia	Size: 7–14 cm (3–6 in) long, plus 14–21 cm (6–8 in) tail[4] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland[21] Diet: Vegetation[8]	LC  Unknown [21]
Small five-toed jerboa	S. elater Lichtenstein, 1825	Central Asia	Size: 9–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 14–19 cm (6–7 in) tail[6] Habitat: Shrubland and desert[22] Diet: Vegetation and insects[8]	LC  Unknown [22]
Vinogradov's jerboa	S. vinogradovi Argiropulo, 1941	Central Asia	Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 17–20 cm (7–8 in) tail[6] Habitat: Desert[23] Diet: Sprouts, seeds, and underground plant parts[23]	LC  Unknown [23]
Williams's jerboa	S. williamsi (Thomas, 1897)	Western Asia	Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 16–26 cm (6–10 in) tail[4] Habitat: Grassland[24] Diet: Vegetation[8]	LC  Unknown [24]

Subfamily Cardiocraniinae

Main article: Cardiocraniinae

Genus Cardiocranius – Satunin, 1903 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Five-toed pygmy jerboa	C. paradoxus Satunin, 1903	East-central Asia	Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 6–10 cm (2–4 in) tail[4] Habitat: Desert[25] Diet: Seeds[26]	DD  Unknown [25]

Genus Salpingotulus – Pavlinov, 1980 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Baluchistan pygmy jerboa	S. michaelis (FitzGibbon, 1966)	Pakistan	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail[4] Habitat: Desert[27] Diet: Grass seeds and stems and other vegetation[28]	DD  Unknown [27]

Genus Salpingotus – Vinogradov, 1922 – five species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Heptner's pygmy jerboa	S. heptneri Vorontsov & Smirnov, 1969	Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan	Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail[4] Habitat: Desert[29] Diet: Insects, arachnids, and vegetation[26]	DD  Unknown [29]
Kozlov's pygmy jerboa	S. kozlovi Vinogradov, 1922	East-central Asia	Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 11–14 cm (4–6 in) tail[4] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert[30] Diet: Insects, arachnids, and vegetation[26]	LC  Unknown [30]
Pale pygmy jerboa	S. pallidus Vorontsov & Shenbrot, 1984	Kazakhstan	Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail[4] Habitat: Desert[31] Diet: Insects, arachnids, and vegetation[26]	DD  Unknown [31]
Thick-tailed pygmy jerboa	S. crassicauda Vinogradov, 1924	East-central Asia	Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail[4] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert[32] Diet: Insects, arachnids, and vegetation[26]	LC  Unknown [32]
Thomas's pygmy jerboa	S. thomasi Vinogradov, 1928	Afghanistan	Size: About 6 cm (2 in) long, plus about 11 cm (4 in) tail[4] Habitat: Desert[26] Diet: Insects, arachnids, and vegetation[26]	NE  Unknown

Subfamily Dipodinae

Main article: Dipodinae

Genus Dipus – Zimmermann, 1780 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Northern three-toed jerboa	D. sagitta (Pallas, 1773)	Western, central, and eastern Asia	Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 12–20 cm (5–8 in) tail[6] Habitat: Shrubland and desert[33] Diet: All parts of plants, as well as insects[34]	LC  Unknown [33]

Genus Eremodipus – Vinogradov, 1930 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Lichtenstein's jerboa	E. lichtensteini (Vinogradov, 1927)	Central Asia	Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 13–17 cm (5–7 in) tail[6] Habitat: Desert[35] Diet: Roots, sprouts, seeds, grains, and vegetables[36]	LC  Unknown [35]

Genus Jaculus – Erxleben, 1777 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Blanford's jerboa	J. blanfordi (Murray, 1884)	Central Asia	Size: 13–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 18–22 cm (7–9 in) tail[6] Habitat: Desert[37] Diet: Roots, sprouts, seeds, grains, and vegetables[36]	LC  Unknown [37]
Greater Egyptian jerboa	J. orientalis Erxleben, 1777	Northern Africa and western Middle East	Size: 9–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 17–21 cm (7–8 in) tail[6] Habitat: Shrubland and coastal marine[38] Diet: Roots, sprouts, seeds, grains, and vegetables[36]	LC  Unknown [38]
Lesser Egyptian jerboa	J. jaculus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Northern Africa and Middle East	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 19–20 cm (7–8 in) tail[6] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, and desert[39] Diet: Roots, sprouts, seeds, grains, and vegetables[36]	LC  Unknown [39]

Genus Paradipus – Vinogradov, 1930 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Comb-toed jerboa	P. ctenodactylus (Vinogradov, 1929)	Central Asia	Size: 14–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 18–22 cm (7–9 in) tail[6] Habitat: Desert[40] Diet: All parts of desert plants[34]	LC  Unknown [40]

Genus Stylodipus – Allen, 1925 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Andrews's three-toed jerboa	S. andrewsi Allen, 1925	Mongolia and northern China	Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[6] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and desert[41] Diet: Lichen, rhizomes, bulbs, seeds, and wheat[42]	LC  Unknown [41]
Mongolian three-toed jerboa	S. sungorus Sokolov & Shenbrot, 1987	Mongolia	Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 15–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[6] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland[43] Diet: Lichen, rhizomes, bulbs, seeds, and wheat[42]	LC  Unknown [43]
Thick-tailed three-toed jerboa	S. telum (Lichtenstein, 1823)	Ukraine and western and central Asia	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 13–17 cm (5–7 in) tail[6] Habitat: Desert[44] Diet: Lichen, rhizomes, bulbs, seeds, and wheat[42]	LC  Unknown [44]

Subfamily Euchoreutinae

Main article: Euchoreutinae

Genus Euchoreutes – W. L. Sclater, 1891 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Long-eared jerboa	E. naso P. L. Sclater, 1891	Southern Mongolia and China	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 14–18 cm (6–7 in) tail[4] Habitat: Shrubland and desert[45] Diet: Insects and lizards[45]	LC  Unknown [45]

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28. Nowak, p. 1335
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34. Nowak, p. 1336
35. Cassola, F. (2016). "Eremodipus lichtensteini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T7995A22199394. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T7995A22199394.en.
36. Nowak, p. 1339
37. Shenbrot, G.; Molur, S. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Jaculus blanfordi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T10911A115100494. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T10911A22200664.en.
38. Aulagnier, S. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Jaculus orientalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T10913A115518664. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T10913A22201033.en.
39. Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsainas, G.; Palomo, L. J.; Aulagnier, S. (2021) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Jaculus jaculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T10912A197517244. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T10912A197517244.en.
40. Cassola, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Paradipus ctenodactylus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T16074A115131306. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T16074A22199540.en.
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42. Nowak, p. 1340
43. Batsaikhan, N.; Avirmed, D.; Tinnin, D. (2016). "Stylodipus sungorus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T21102A22199973. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T21102A22199973.en.
44. Cassola, F. (2017). "Stylodipus telum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T21103A22200078. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T21103A22200078.en.
45. Batsaikhan, N.; Avirmed, D.; Tinnin, D.; Smith, A. T. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Euchoreutes naso". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T8162A115087272. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T8162A22200179.en.

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