Draft:Circuits (Streaming Platform)
Submission declined on 7 September 2025 by Wikishovel (talk). This submission appears to read more like an advertisement than an entry in an encyclopedia. Encyclopedia articles need to be written from a neutral point of view, and should refer to a range of independent, reliable, published sources, not just to materials produced by the creator of the subject being discussed. This is important so that the article can meet Wikipedia's verifiability policy and the notability of the subject can be established. If you still feel that this subject is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, please rewrite your submission to comply with these policies.
Where to get help
How to improve a draft
You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Editor resources
| ![]() |
![]() Logo used since December 2024 | |
Screenshot Screenshot of Circuits international website in September 2025, including 'Ruthless as its featured media | |
Type of site | OTT streaming platform |
---|---|
Available in | 2 languages |
List of languages
| |
Headquarters | Lagos, Nigeria |
Country of origin | Nigeria |
Owner | Circuits (African Virtual Cinema and TVOD Platform) |
Industry | |
Products | |
Services |
|
URL | circuits.tv circuits.media |
Commercial | Yes |
Registration | Required |
Launched | December 14, 2024 |
Current status | Active |
Circuits (Streaming Platform)
[edit]Overview
[edit]Circuits is an African virtual cinema and Transactional Video on Demand (TVOD) platform with a global operational footprint, heralded as Nigeria's largest virtual cinema and one of the continent’s fastest-growing digital entertainment ventures. The company delivers a wide array of premium African movies, series, documentaries, comedy specials, and podcasts to a global audience via a flexible, technology-driven streaming infrastructure. Its ambitious mission is to bridge Africa’s content distribution gap, empower filmmakers, fight piracy, and amplify authentic African narratives for both continental and global consumption.[1][2]
Circuits operates under a unique model compared to subscription-based international competitors, emphasizing accessibility, content creator empowerment, intellectual property protection, and job creation within the African creative economy. As of late 2025, Circuits boasts hundreds of thousands of users worldwide—on track to surpass one million—and an expanding suite of strategic partnerships and social impact initiatives.[2][3]
History
[edit]Foundation and Launch
Circuits was founded by Circuits Global Solutions Limited in Nigeria and officially launched in December 2024[1][4]. Its origin was rooted in addressing the longstanding challenge faced by African filmmakers—particularly in Nollywood—the continent’s largest film industry. Historically, African movies struggled to gain autonomous global visibility, often relegated as an “add-on” or niche on major foreign streaming platforms. African creators, despite worldwide acclaim, had limited distribution power, revenue control, or access to substantial reinvestment opportunities.[5]
The initial launch featured an exclusive online screening of "Asiri Ade," a visually rich epic premiering simultaneously for African and diaspora audiences. The platform’s early commitment to high-quality premium content, flexible pricing, and localized access was met with positive reception.[4][6]
Rapid Growth and Expansion
Within months, Circuits transformed into Nigeria’s biggest virtual cinema and transactional video-on-demand operation, reporting over 1.3 million unique streams across 170+ countries by August 2025[2][7]. The service initially rolled out through a web app, then expanded to Android and iOS applications, and broadened its reach to major smart TV ecosystems (Samsung, Hisense, Toshiba, Apple, Android TVs, and devices running the Vidaa OS), supporting seamless cross-device experiences for users worldwide.[5][8]
Key Historical Milestones
See the following table for major company milestones:
Year / Date | Milestone | Description / Impact |
---|---|---|
Dec 2024 | Official Launch | Circuits goes live, debuting with "Asiri Ade" and a broad premium content slate[4] |
Jan 2025 | Film Veterans’ Dignity Fund Established | Launch of a landmark welfare initiative for African cinema legends[9] |
Mar 2025 | Surpassed 1.3M unique streams | Established as most popular virtual cinema in Nigeria; growing global presence[2][7] |
Jun 2025 | Producer Revenue Transparency Upgrade | Producers gain direct access to detailed back-end sales analytics[3][10] |
Jul 2025 | FlexiWatch debut | Flexible, bundled content rental introduced, boosting affordability and user control[2][11] |
Aug 2025 | Performance-Based Producer Payouts Announced | Additional lifetime earnings for top-grossing filmmakers begin (industry first in Africa) |
Q3 2025 | Blue Pictures collaboration | Major partnership for Nollywood distribution and capacity building[10] |
Circuits’ short but dynamic history is characterized by technological leaps, audience-centric experimentation, strong anti-piracy activism, and persistent calls for broader structural support of the African creative industry.
Services
[edit]Platform Structure
[edit]Circuits offers a multi-channel, device-agnostic platform with a core focus on high-quality, transactional experiences:
- Mobile Applications: Available for Android and iOS, supporting intuitive content discovery and playback.
- Smart TV Applications: Apps on Samsung, Hisense, Toshiba, Apple TV, Android TV, and Vidaa OS pre-installed devices enable living room viewing for global households.[8]
- Web Cinema: A robust browser-based portal (www.circuits.tv) ensures device flexibility, addressing digital inclusion gaps and facilitating access in regions with limited device diversity.[12]
Viewing Models
[edit]Circuits pursues a Transactional Video on Demand (TVOD) and flexible virtual cinema model, diverging from the dominant Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD) systems:
- Pay Per View (PPV): Audiences pay for individual screenings or time-bounded access to specific premium content—often new releases or cinema blockbusters. Ticket prices begin at ₦1,000 (approx. $1.99 USD), with flexible durations between 8-48 hours, tailored to global and local markets.[7][13]
- FlexiWatch: An “Eat All You Can” bundle offering unlimited access to a curated bouquet of over 50 classics with 7- or 21-day passes, responding to local consumer feedback favoring greater flexibility without monthly subscription commitments.[2][11]
- No-Subscription Structure: Circuits does not require recurring payments, allowing audiences to maximize value based on individual preferences and current financial situations—a crucial factor in regions with economic uncertainty and low fixed-income penetration rates.[7][13]
Content Offerings
[edit]Circuits features a rich library of African and select international content. Key categories include:
- Nollywood and Regional African Blockbusters: Critically acclaimed films such as "Asiri Ade," "Blacksmith (Alagbede)," "Ruthless," "The Weekend," and "Conversations in Transit" populate the library, often appearing exclusively on Circuits for initial windows.[5][6][14]
- Acclaimed Documentaries and Series: The platform showcases works by leading African documentarians and episodic creators.
- International (World) Titles: To enrich cross-cultural exchange, Circuits also introduces prominent foreign films such as "Souleymane’s Story," expanding reach into Francophone Africa and beyond.[2]
- Comedy Shows, Short Films, Podcasts: Emerging talent and innovative formats receive dedicated space, helping diversify both creative output and audience engagement.
Special Features
[edit]- Language and Accessibility: Subtitles and dubs in multiple languages support a broad diaspora and non-English-speaking audience.
- Device Interoperability: Viewers can pause and resume across devices, maintaining continuity.
- Parental Controls and Adaptive Streaming: Customization for family use and effective streaming for varying internet speeds.
Technology
[edit]Circuits leverages advanced digital infrastructure to ensure a seamless, secure, and accessible user experience across diverse markets:
Streaming Infrastructure
[edit]- Cloud-Based Delivery: Distributed global server networks minimize latency and buffer times, optimizing video delivery regardless of geography.[13]
- Multi-Bitrate Adaptive Streaming: Ensures compatibility with differing internet speeds, making high-definition streaming viable even in bandwidth-constrained African environments.[4]
- Cross-Device Modern Apps: Native applications for iOS, Android, and smart TVs (Samsung, Toshiba, Apple, Vidaa, etc.), together with a browser-based web player, allow users to move fluidly between viewing experiences without progress loss.[5][8]
Content Security and Piracy Prevention
[edit]Piracy poses a critical threat to Africa’s creative sector. Circuits’ technological differentiation is robust, multilayered piracy prevention and content protection:
- Digital Rights Management (DRM): Highly sophisticated technologies underpin content encryption and access control, preventing unauthorized redistribution.[2][13]
- Rapid Takedown Response: An in-house anti-piracy operations team monitors global piracy channels (notably Telegram) and removes infringing content within minutes. As of August 2025, over 1 million piracy-linked subscribers and 22 major piracy channels/URLs had been blocked.[2]
- Producer Analytics Portal: Creators gain direct access to comprehensive post-launch analytics, allowing sales verification, transparent reporting, and data-driven business optimization.[3][10]
These efforts have attracted praise from industry producers and mark Circuits as a regional benchmark in copyright enforcement—where previously the industry norm was leniency or resignation towards piracy.[15]
Business Model
[edit]Circuits distinguishes itself in Africa’s OTT ecosystem by combining transactional flexibility, creator empowerment, and social mission orientation:
Revenue Structure
[edit]- Transactional (TVOD): No monthly subscription is required; instead, revenue is generated per title rented or per “bundle” window (FlexiWatch) purchased.
- Tiered Pricing: Localized pricing for various currency markets (e.g., ₦1,000/$1.99/£1.95/€1.89 per premium title), reflecting global reach and consumer diversity.[2][7][13]
- Performance-Based Producer Payouts: An industry-first in Africa, Circuits pays content producers upfront and offers continuous revenue royalties as films generate ongoing streams, incentivizing both quality and continued promotion. Producers retain access to transparent, real-time analytics, ensuring trust.[3][16][17]
Sustainability and Monetization
[edit]- Producers receive minimum guarantees—secure upfront fees for content licenses—plus performance-tied bonuses for top-grossing works. This progressive revenue-sharing strategy has allowed at least four Nollywood producers to receive lifetime payouts on content retained within the Circuits library, fundamentally shifting regional expectations surrounding creator compensation.[3][18]
- Exclusivity Windows: New blockbusters are exhibited for up to 12 weeks in a digital “cinema window” before license expiry, mirroring the exclusivity of theatrical releases and enabling expanded monetization through subsequent syndication by the producer.[13]
Social and Creative Impact Focus
[edit]- Job Creation & Value Chain Support: Circuits’ model creates new employment in production, technology, marketing, and social media, scaling the ecosystem rather than subsuming or competing directly with local cinemas or global SVOD platforms.[11]
- Social Funds: Notably, a portion of proceeds and dedicated campaigns are directed to filmmaker welfare (as with the Film Veterans’ Dignity Fund, detailed below).
Content Library
[edit]Circuits’ catalogue is agile, curated, and continuously expanding to represent the breadth of African cinematic voices:
Exclusive Blockbusters
[edit]At launch and through its evolution, Circuits has delivered notable exclusives including:
- "Asiri Ade": An epic romance-thriller exploring royal intrigue, political alliances, and hidden betrayals—a flagship for the platform and exemplar of modern Nollywood ambitions.[4][6][14]
- "Blacksmith (Alagbede)": A poignant post-independence drama centered on sacrifice, community, and aspiration.[5][14]
- "Ruthless": Nollywood’s first female-led MMA drama, reflecting genre innovation and a commitment to bold storytelling.
- "The Weekend": A tense family-centered horror exploring trauma and generational struggle.
- "Conversations in Transit": A contemporary drama set against Lagos’ dynamic public transport backdrop.
African Regional Cinema
[edit]- Francophone Content: Titles like "Souleymane’s Story" expand the platform’s appeal into West and Central Africa, reinforcing a pan-African approach and serving diasporic communities.[2]
- Ugandan and Southern African Films: Growing representation beyond Nigeria further underscores the platform’s “African for Africa and the world” strategy.[16]
Acclaimed Producers and Talent
[edit]Circuits collaborates with—and promotes—iconic and emerging stars, such as Toyin Abraham, Femi Adebayo, Mercy Aigbe, Lateef Adedimeji, Ramsey Nouah, Ayo Makun, and more.[9]
Genre Breadth
[edit]The catalogue features action, romance, thrillers, comedies, historical dramas, documentaries, and experimental shorts, encompassing both fan favorites and innovative new voices.[12][14]
Partnerships
[edit]Strategic alliances play a crucial role in Circuits’ operational, creative, and market-expansion agendas:
Key Collaborations
[edit]- Blue Pictures: In Q3 2025, Circuits partnered with Blue Pictures—one of Nigeria’s top film distributors—to boost Nollywood’s premium content reach and co-production. The collaboration also underscores shared commitments to youth and women’s empowerment, industry transparency, and sustainability.[10]
- NALA (Fintech): For the Film Veterans’ Dignity Fund, Circuits joined forces with NALA, a remittance fintech, to support film legend welfare, demonstrating integrated tech-social action.[9]
- Smart TV OEMs: Circuits has rolled out official apps for Samsung, Hisense, Toshiba, Apple/Apple TV, and Android TV, and is pre-installed on Vidaa ecosystem devices, providing direct pipeline access to living room audiences in Africa and beyond.[8]
Content and IP Security Partners
[edit]- Global Security Firms: Strategic technology collaborations ensure robust DRM and fast piracy response, though specifics of these technical partners are typically undisclosed for security reasons.[2][13]
These partnerships help Circuits scale rapidly, expand device compatibility, reinforce anti-piracy capability, and deepen the authenticity of its curated content.
Global Reach
[edit]Circuits’ commitment to African digital storytelling is matched by its aggressive international footprint:
Availability and Access
[edit]- Reach: As of March 2025, Circuits is available in over 250 countries, with documented viewership in at least 170. Its top audiences are located in Nigeria, the United States, the United Kingdom, Ghana, and Canada. Traffic share: Nigeria (38.85%), US (29.34%), UK (24.69%), Ghana (3.82%), Canada (2.59%), with growth in the wider African diaspora and emerging markets.[19]
- Language Support: Multi-language subtitling (including French, English, Yoruba, and more) targets both pan-African and diaspora audiences.
- Diaspora Focus: Circuits is designed not only as an in-continent solution but as an accessible platform for Africans overseas—addressing gaps that major global streamers may overlook, such as region-specific premieres, cultural events, and festival tie-ins.[1][13]
Technological Inclusivity
[edit]- As a digital-first platform, Circuits bridges the “last-mile” content access obstacle endemic to many African regions without consistent cinema infrastructure or legacy broadcast systems.[5]
- Strategic focus on adaptive streaming and device flexibility allows users to experience content on basic smartphones, entry-level smart TVs, premium home theaters, or web browsers, maximizing inclusion irrespective of socioeconomic status.
Leadership and Management
[edit]Executive Team
[edit]Circuits is spearheaded by a dynamic and social-impact oriented executive core:
- Imade Bibowei-Osuobeni (Chief Operating Officer): Frequently cited in media, she has become the organization’s primary spokesperson and architect of both social initiatives and the transparent producer revenue program. Her leadership is consistently referenced as catalytic in shaping trust and equity norms in African film streaming.[3][10]
- Chioma Onyenwe (Vice President of Content): Acclaimed filmmaker and producer (notably of “I Do Not Come To You By Chance”), brings industry credibility and creative vision, advocating for authentic, global-first African content distribution.[1][4]
Supporting these leaders is a team of content acquisition specialists, post-production editors, and technologists contributing to the platform’s creative dynamism and technical reliability.[3]
Organizational Ethos
[edit]Circuits’ leadership emerges from within Africa’s creative and tech communities, anchoring their decision-making in both business pragmatism and a deep-rooted belief in African storytelling autonomy, equity, and sustainability.
Key Milestones
[edit]Timeline | Milestone |
---|---|
December 2024 | Circuits launches with global debut of “Asiri Ade”[4][6] |
January 2025 | Film Veterans’ Dignity Fund begins, supporting Nollywood legends[9] |
March 2025 | Surpasses 1.3 million unique streams across 170+ countries[2][7] |
June 2025 | Direct producer access to detailed backend data introduced[10] |
July 2025 | FlexiWatch unlimited viewing passes launch[2][11] |
August 2025 | Industry-first performance-based, lifetime producer payouts initiated |
Q3 2025 | Partnership with Blue Pictures, expanding Nollywood’s global pipeline[10] |
This timeline not only demonstrates rapid user and content growth but also a consistent commitment to technological innovation, social mission, and industry leadership.
Impact on African Film Distribution
[edit]Circuits’ influence on the African—and particularly Nigerian—film distribution landscape has been profound, catalyzing new paradigms of creative valuation and audience access:
Autonomy and Creator Empowerment
[edit]Historically, African filmmakers ceded revenue and control to foreign platforms or faced piracy-dominated markets. Circuits’ direct-to-consumer digital model:
- Puts African content at the heart of the experience (not a subcategory).
- Prioritizes revenue return and data access for African creators—enabling reinvestment, risk-taking, and production of higher-budget, experimental, or otherwise marginalized stories.[3]
- Fosters an ecosystem where audience data, content performance, and distribution strategies remain largely within the continent’s creative economy.
Expanding the Creative Market
[edit]- By supporting both unreleased films and recent cinema titles, Circuits provides filmmakers with ongoing or secondary release options, elongating the commercial life and earning window for African films.[7][13]
- Circuits’ model is uniquely friendly toward niche, regional, and experimental works, surfacing non-mainstream voices that often struggle to find distribution on global SVOD giants.[14]
Supporting Veterans and Building Legacy
[edit]- The Film Veterans’ Dignity Fund is a pioneering welfare program providing monthly stipends and healthcare for elderly film legends, directly addressing the neglect faced by Nollywood’s founding generation. Initial beneficiaries have been celebrated in public ceremonies, setting new expectations for creative industry legacy support.[9]
Job Creation and Economic Development
[edit]- Circuits’ expansion is driving job creation in film production, distribution, technical support, marketing, and social media management.
- By galvanizing both domestic and diaspora investment in African storytelling, the platform is a vehicle for broader economic inclusion and cultural autonomy.[11]
Impact on Global Film Distribution
[edit]Circuits represents Africa’s most assertive response to a global film distribution environment often dominated by US- and Europe-based brands:
- Global Reach: The platform’s 250-country footprint, supported by modern streaming technology and global server infrastructure, exemplifies the untapped market for non-Western digital content leadership.
- Diaspora Engagement: By catering to diaspora communities with exclusive premieres and cultural programming, Circuits reshapes how Africans in the US, UK, Canada, and beyond engage with their heritage and contemporary creative output.[19]
- Cross-Cultural Exchange: Inclusion of international and pan-African (including Francophone) titles fosters multidirectional cultural flow, positioning Circuits as a bridge between regional worlds and the international mainstream.
Industry Benchmarking
[edit]- The performance-based payout scheme for producers is globally competitive and rare even among leading SVOD and TVOD platforms, signaling to international markets that African digital platforms are capable of both innovation and scale.[18]
- Circuits has inspired regional policymakers and technology stakeholders to reconsider the viability and necessity of indigenous OTT and streaming solutions.
Piracy Prevention and Content Security
[edit]Digital piracy remains a critical barrier to creator prosperity in Africa. Circuits has staked its reputation as the continent’s staunchest anti-piracy actor:
- Tech-Driven DRM and Monitoring: Employing state-of-the-art encryption, digital watermarking, and real-time takedown protocols, the company sets an industry example.[2][11][13]
- Mass Piracy Channel Disruption: The blocking of 1+ million piracy subscribers and 22+ major Telegram/URL piracy operations within one year speaks to the platform’s commitment and effectiveness.[2]
- Producer Confidence: By guaranteeing transparent back-end reporting and rapid reporting of piracy breaches, Circuits has rebuilt trust within a creator community long habituated to under-compensation and rights violations.
Such a multi-pronged, tech-legal approach is increasingly viewed as the only sustainable pathway for Africa’s full participation in the global content economy.[15]
Media Coverage
[edit]Circuits’ emergence and rapid ascent have generated substantial media attention across technology, entertainment, and business journalism:
- Pulse Nigeria, Vanguard, BusinessDay, Nairametrics, TechCabal, and Voice of Nigeria regularly highlight Circuits’ innovations—including its flexible pay-per-view model, global expansion, and industry-first lifetime producer payouts.[2][3][4][7][9][11]
- International Blogs and Tech News: Nollywire, Nollycritic, Techpoint Africa, Silicon Africa, and SHOCKNG report on the platform’s impact on producer empowerment, piracy reduction, and creative sector sustainability.[1][10][14][16][18]
- Industry Recognition: Circuits is frequently cited as the model for sustainable, inclusive, and efficient film distribution in Africa.
Critics and commentators have praised the platform’s user-friendly interface, authentic storytelling, and responsiveness to both viewers and filmmakers—though some reviewers continue to advocate for a hybrid or optional subscription model to further broaden access.[5]
Awards and Recognitions
[edit]While Circuits itself has rapidly gained critical and industry recognition, as of September 2025, major international streaming hardware or content innovation awards specific to the company are not yet publicly documented. However:
- Industry Milestones: The company’s innovative payout structure and veterans’ fund have been celebrated as landmark advances in African entertainment, regularly cited in thought leadership and best practices journalism.[3][9][11][18]
- Film Selections: Blockbuster films debuted on Circuits, such as “Asiri Ade,” have garnered critical acclaim and festival attention.
- Media Applause: The platform is praised for elevating professional standards in transparency, social responsibility, creator support, and ant-piracy activism—qualities recognized by the creative, technical, and cultural press.
Conclusion
[edit]Circuits has, in under a year of operation, audaciously advanced the digital film ecosystem in Africa—and for African stories worldwide. It builds on the transactional flexibility and creative autonomy needed for both consumers and filmmakers while leveraging modern streaming technology, data analytics, and world-class piracy prevention. Through partnerships, a rapidly expanding content library, and pioneering social initiatives such as the Film Veterans’ Dignity Fund, Circuits is becoming not just a distribution channel but a cornerstone of Africa’s creative and technological self-determination.
The global media community and local content creators continue to watch Circuits as a barometer for the future of independent, creator-first streaming—both within Africa, and as a potentially exportable solution for other emerging film economies. As regulatory environments evolve and audiences demand increasingly authentic, diverse stories, Circuits’ model stands as a relevant, replicable, and rapidly scaling answer to contemporary film distribution’s opportunities and challenges.[3][7][10][11]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e "Circuits Streaming Platform Launches December 2024 with Chioma Onyenwe as Vice President - Nollywire". November 29, 2024. Retrieved September 7, 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Partner (August 6, 2025). "Nigeria's No.1 TVOD StreamingPlatform, Circuits, Launches FlexiWatch and Adds Francophone African Films, Surpasses 1.3M Global unique Streams across 170+ Countries". TechCabal. Retrieved September 7, 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k BusinessDay (September 3, 2025). "Circuits' revenue model boosts Nollywood producers' earnings - Founder". Businessday NG. Retrieved September 7, 2025.
{{cite web}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h Oboh (December 15, 2024). "Circuits launches, as Nigeria's premier virtual cinema". Vanguard News. Retrieved September 7, 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Circuits: Africa's Premier Virtual Cinema Reshaping Film and Content Distribution | Pulse Nigeria". www.pulse.ng. Retrieved September 7, 2025.
- ^ a b c d Correspondents, Our (December 16, 2024). "Circuits To Launch With Nollywood Epic 'Asiri Ade' On December 20". Independent Newspaper Nigeria. Retrieved September 7, 2025.
{{cite web}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i Iniobong, Iwok (August 12, 2025). "Circuits' pay-per-view virtual cinema model makes waves in Nigeria". Businessday NG. Retrieved September 7, 2025.
- ^ a b c d "VIDAA App Store". apps.vidaa.com. Retrieved September 7, 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g Oboh (June 1, 2025). "Circuits strengthens efforts to uplift Nigeria's film legends, with support from NALA". Vanguard News. Retrieved September 7, 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Ayeni, Ibukunoluwa (August 27, 2025). "Circuits TV, Blue Pictures Team Up On Nollywood Titles Distribution". ShockNG. Retrieved September 7, 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Ibitomi, Foluke (July 30, 2025). "Nigerian Firm Unveils Biggest Free Virtual Cinema". Voice of Nigeria Broadcasting Service. Retrieved September 7, 2025.
- ^ a b "Circuits - Africa's Premier Virtual Cinema". www.circuits.tv. Retrieved September 7, 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Everything You Need to Know About Circuits: A Consumer and Producer Handbook - Nollywire". December 17, 2024. Retrieved September 7, 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f B, Somi (January 28, 2025). "The Best Nollywood Movies on Circuits TV -". Retrieved September 7, 2025.
- ^ a b Rathansing, M (April 29, 2024). "Entertainment industry: Piracy crisis" (PDF). International Journal of Law, Policy and Social Review. 6 (2): 44–48 – via ISSN.
- ^ a b c "Nollywood Wins Big! Circuits' top-grossing producers earn more after initial licensing fees". September 4, 2025. Retrieved September 7, 2025.
- ^ Partners, N. M. (August 27, 2025). "Circuits to deliver additional payouts to top grossing producers, raising the bar for Africa's Film Industry". Nairametrics. Retrieved September 7, 2025.
- ^ a b c d "Circuits Revolutionize African Film Payouts, Empowering Top Producers – Silicon Africa". Retrieved September 7, 2025.
- ^ a b "Circuits Availability per Country, Business Models, Top Titles, Prices and Partners". BB Media. Retrieved September 7, 2025.