2025 in paleoichthyology

Several new fossil taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, and other fishes were described during the year 2025, which also saw other significant discoveries and events related to paleoichthyology.

Jawless vertebrates

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Deanaspis[1]	Gen. et sp. nov	Junior homonym	Lin et al.	Silurian	Xikeng Formation	China	A member of Galeaspida. Genus includes new species D. longpingi. The generic name is preoccupied by Deanaspis Hughes, Ingham & Addison (1975).
Neoturinia rossensis[2]	Sp. nov		Burrow & Turner	Devonian	Parke Siltstone	Australia	A thelodont.

Jawless vertebrate research

• Märss (2025) revises jawless vertebrates from the Silurian (Wenlock) to Devonian (Lochkovian) strata of the Ufa Amphitheatre (Russia), and names a new family Tahulaspididae within Osteostraci.^[3]
• Sanchez-Sanchez, Sanisidro & Ferrón (2025) study the hydrodynamic performance of headshield processes of members of Pteraspidomorphi, reporting evidence of repeated, independent evolution of frontal, dorsal and lateral processes in response to functional demands.^[4]
• A study on the phylogenetic relationships of members of Heterostraci is published by Randle, Keating & Sansom (2025).^[5]
• Schnetz et al. (2025) reconstruct the whole-body morphology of Anglaspis heintzi, and interpret its oral apparatus as indicative of adaptation to suspension feeding.^[6]
• Miyashita et al. (2025) provide new information on the anatomy of the head–trunk interface in Norselaspis glacialis, reporting evidence of presence of features previously known only in jawed vertebrates, and interpret their findings and indicative of evolution of sensory elaborations and increase of cardiac output and locomotory control in vertebrates before the appearance of the vertebrate jaw.^[7]

Placoderms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Albarutheniaspis[8]	Gen. et sp. nov		Newman & Plax	Devonian (Famennian)		Belarus	A member of the family Groenlandaspididae. The type species is A. bessonovae.
Bothriolepis zhujiangyuanensis[9]	Sp. nov	Valid	Xian et al.	Devonian (Eifelian)	Shangshuanghe Formation	China
Elmosteus[10]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Jobbins et al.	Devonian	Elm Point Formation	Canada ( Manitoba)	A basal dunkleosteid placoderm; a new genus for "Eastmanosteus" lundarensis Hanke, Stewart & Lammers (1996).
Microbrachius longi[11]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mark-Kurik et al.	Devonian (Givetian)	Burtnieki Formation	Estonia
Romundina gagnieri[12]	Sp. nov		Olive et al.	Devonian (Lochkovian)	Drake Bay Formation	Canada ( Nunavut)
Tongdulepis[13]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Luo, Pan & Zhu	Devonian (Eifelian)	Qujing Formation	China	A member of Bothriolepidoidei belonging to the family Tubalepididae. The type species is T. concavus.

Placoderm research

• Babcock (2025) designates the neotype for Macropetalichthys rapheidolabis and the lectotype for Agassichthys manni, redescribes the lectotype of Agassichthys sullivanti, and interprets A. manni, A. sullivanti and Pterichthys norwoodensis as junior synonyms of M. rapheidolabis.^[14]
• Pears et al. (2025) reconstruct the appendicular skeleton and musculature of arthrodires from the Devonian Gogo Formation (Australia), providing evidence of anatomical similarity of fins and musculature of the studied specimens.^[15]
• Redescription and a study on the affinities of Exutaspis megista is published by Xue et al. (2025).^[16]
• Trinajstic et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of Bullerichthys fascidens from the Devonian Gogo Formation (Australia), providing new information on the morphology of the headshield in the studied species, as well as evidence resorption and remodelling of teeth similar to those seen in bony fishes.^[17]

Cartilaginous fishes

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Altacollum[18]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Newman & Plax	Devonian (Famennian)	Starobin Beds	Belarus Greenland	An acanthodian. The type species is A. valiukeviciusi.
Angelacanthus[19]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Gess & Burrow	Devonian (Famennian)	Waterloo Farm lagerstätte	South Africa	A diplacanthid acanthodian. The type species is "Diplacanthus" acus Gess (2001).
Antrigoulia guinoti[20]	Sp. nov	Valid	Duffin & Batchelor	Early Cretaceous	Lower Greensand Group	United Kingdom
Apolithabatis[21]	Gen. et sp. nov		Türtscher et al.	Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)	Painten Formation	Germany	A ray in the new clade Apolithabatiformes. The type species is A. seioma.
Archaeogracilidens[22]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Villalobos-Segura et al.	Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)		Germany	A member of Hexanchiformes belonging to the family Orthacodidae. The type species is "Oxyrhina" macer Quenstedt (1851).
Batillodus[23]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Duffin, Lauer & Lauer	Carboniferous (Kasimovian)	Kansas City Group	United States ( Kansas)	A member of Petalodontiformes belonging to the family Janassidae. The type species is B. beaveri.
Callorhinchus orientalis[24]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ota et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Hakobuchi Formation	Japan	A species of Callorhinchus.
Centrodeania perchensis[25]	Sp. nov		Feichtinger et al.	Late Cretaceous		Germany	A member of the family Centrophoridae.
Clavusodens[26]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Hodnett et al.	Carboniferous (Viséan)	Ste. Genevieve Formation	United States ( Kentucky)	A member of Petalodontiformes belonging to the family Obruchevodidae. The type species is C. mcginnisi.
Coquandon[27]	Nom. nov	Valid	Greenfield	Late Cretaceous (Coniacian)		France	A probable member of Galeomorphii; a replacement name for Orthodon Coquand (1859).
Distobatus potiguarense[28]	Sp. nov		Brito et al.	Cretaceous	Açu Formation	Brazil	A member of Hybodontiformes belonging to the family Distobatidae.
Dorsetoscyllium belbekensis[29]	Sp. nov		Trikolidi	Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)		Crimea	A carpet shark. Published online in 2025, but the issue date is listed as December 2024.
Eorapax[30]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Saugen et al.	Early Triassic	Vikinghøgda Formation	Norway	A neoselachian. The type species is E. serrasis.
Galeocerdo platycuspidatum[31]	Sp. nov	Valid	Cicimurri et al.	Oligocene	Catahoula Formation	United States ( Mississippi)	A species of Galeocerdo.
Heckelodes[27]	Nom. nov	Valid	Greenfield	Oligocene		Italy	A probable member of Galeomorphii; a replacement name for Galeodes Heckel (1854).
Hemipristis intermedia[31]	Sp. nov	Valid	Cicimurri et al.	Oligocene	Catahoula Formation	United States ( Mississippi)	A species of Hemipristis.
Hypanus? heterodontus[31]	Sp. nov	Valid	Cicimurri et al.	Oligocene	Catahoula Formation	United States ( Mississippi)	A whiptail stingray.
Lethenia carranzaensis[32]	Sp. nov	Valid	Otero	Eocene-Oligocene	Millongue Formation	Chile
Lonchidion conrugis[33]	Sp. nov		Wick & Lehman	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Aguja Formation	United States ( Texas)
Macadens[34]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Hodnett et al.	Carboniferous (Viséan)	Ste. Genevieve Formation	United States ( Kentucky)	A member of Euchondrocephali of uncertain affinities. The type species is M. olsoni.
Modicucollum[18]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Newman & Plax	Devonian (Famennian)	Velizhie Beds	Belarus	An acanthodian. The type species is M. golubtsovi.
Ndhalalepis[2]	Gen. et sp. nov		Burrow & Turner	Devonian	Parke Siltstone	Australia	An acanthodian. The type species is N. youngi.
Palaeocentroscymnus bavaricus[25]	Sp. nov		Feichtinger et al.	Late Cretaceous		Germany	A member of the family Somniosidae.
Paralopias[35]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Canevet	Miocene (Serravallian)		France	A thresher shark. Genus includes new species P. follioti.
Pararhincodon torquis[36]	Sp. nov	Valid	Dearden et al.	Late Cretaceous	Chalk Group	United Kingdom	A carpet shark belonging to the stem group of the family Parascylliidae.
Pseudorhina carinata[20]	Sp. nov	Valid	Duffin & Batchelor	Early Cretaceous	Lower Greensand Group	United Kingdom
Pseudorhina clopellensis[20]	Sp. nov	Valid	Duffin & Batchelor	Early Cretaceous	Lower Greensand Group	United Kingdom
Pseudorhina magnapraecinctorium[20]	Sp. nov	Valid	Duffin & Batchelor	Early Cretaceous	Lower Greensand Group	United Kingdom
Restesia corricki[33]	Sp. nov		Wick & Lehman	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Aguja Formation	United States ( Texas)
Rotuladens[34]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Hodnett et al.	Carboniferous (Tournaisian-Viséan)	Keokuk Limestone	United States ( Iowa)	A member of Euchondrocephali of uncertain affinities. The type species is "Helodus" coxanus Newberry (1897).
Serpensiugum[18]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Newman & Plax	Devonian (Famennian)	Starobin Beds	Belarus	An acanthodian. The type species is S. pushkini.
"Sphyrna" gracile[31]	Sp. nov	Valid	Cicimurri et al.	Oligocene	Catahoula Formation	United States ( Mississippi)	A hammerhead shark.
"Sphyrna" robustum[31]	Sp. nov	Valid	Cicimurri et al.	Oligocene	Catahoula Formation	United States ( Mississippi)	A hammerhead shark.
Strophodus timoluebkei[37]	Sp. nov	Valid	Carrillo-Briceño et al.	Late Jurassic	Sulzfluh Limestone Formation	Switzerland
cf. Synechodus rotheliusi[30]	Sp. nov	Valid	Saugen et al.	Early Triassic	Vikinghøgda Formation	Norway
Verrucasquama[18]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Newman & Plax	Devonian (Famennian)	Starobin Beds	Belarus	An acanthodian. The type species is V. antipenkoi.
Wimanodon[30]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Saugen et al.	Early Triassic	Vikinghøgda Formation	Norway	A neoselachian. The type species is W. marmieri.
Xiphodolamia maliki[38]	Sp. nov	Valid	Artüz & Sakınç	Eocene (Lutetian)	Soğucak Formation	Turkey

Cartilaginous fish research

• A study on the development of the dermal skeleton of Fanjingshania renovata is published by Andreev et al. (2025).^[39]
• A diverse assemblage of cartilaginous fish fossils, including the youngest record of Phoebodus latus reported to date, is described from the Upper Devovian strata from the South Urals (Russia) by Ivanov et al. (2025).^[40]
• Li et al. (2025) report the discovery of a new fish assemblage dominated by cartilaginous fishes from the Permian (Changhsingian) Dalong Formation (Sichuan, China), including a probable neoselachian which might represent the earliest record of a cartilaginous fish with holaulacorhize-like root vascularization.^[41]
• A study on the development and evolution of tenaculum and its tooth-like denticles in chimaeras, as indicated by their development during ontogeny in extant spotted ratfish and by anatomy of Carboniferous Helodus simplex, is published by Cohen, Coates & Fraser (2025), who interpret the denticles of the tenaculum as more likely to be true teeth than modified dermal denticles.^[42]
• Zhao et al. (2025) interpret Laffonia helvetica as a holocephalan egg capsule morphologically intermediate between Carboniferous Crookallia and Vetacapsula and extant chimaerid capsules.^[43]
• A well-preserved specimen of Chimaeropsis paradoxa, displaying soft parts, is described from the Tithonian strata in the Solnhofen area (Germany) by Duffin, Lauer & Lauer (2025).^[44]
• Duffin & Ward (2025) describe a quasi-complete but poorly preserved specimen of Elasmodectes cf. willetti from the Cenomanian strata in Morocco, and identify the first fossil of a member of the genus Elasmodectes (a tooth plate) from the Albian Gault Clay of Folkestone (Kent, United Kingdom.^[45]
• Popov & Rogov (2025) describe chimaeroid fossil material from the Coniacian strata from the Krasnoyarsk Krai (Russia), providing evidence of presence of Edaphodon sp. and Harriotta sp. in the polar latitudes of eastern Siberia during the Late Cretaceous.^[46]
• A study on the histology and growth of dental plates of Ischyodus dolloi is published by Cerda, Gouiric Cavalli & Reguero (2025).^[47]
• Gayford & Jambura (2025) review evidence of different drivers of diversification of elasmobranchs throughout their evolutionary history.^[48]
• The first dermal denticles of Listracanthus hystrix from Ireland are described from the Carboniferous Clare Shale Formation (County Clare, Republic of Ireland) by Doyle (2025).^[49]
• Greif et al. (2025) reconstruct feeding habits of Ctenacanthus concinnus, interpreting it as likely opportunistic feeder that used an array of feeding mechanisms.^[50]
• Vida, Kriwet & Martin (2025) revise the cartilaginous fish assemblage from the Rhaetian Contorta Beds of Bonenburg (Exter Formation; Germany), interpret Rhomphaiodon minor as a junior synonym of Nemacanthus monilifer, and reconstruct the food web of fishes from Bonenburg, providing evidence of presence of diverse mesopredators and of likely niche partitioning in cartilaginous fishes.^[51]
• Eltink et al. (2025) report the first discovery of fossil material of Priohybodus arambourgi from the Upper Jurassic Aliança Formation (Brazil), and study tooth morphology of members of the species and its variation.^[52]
• Valentin et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of hybodont sharks from the Campanian strata in France, including the first record of Parvodus from the Late Cretaceous.^[53]
• Staggl et al. (2025) study diversity dynamics of neoselachians throughout the Mesozoic, providing evidence that higher atmospheric CO₂ concentrations had negative effect on neoselachian diversity.^[54]
• Evidence from the study of oxygen isotope composition of teeth of Cretoxyrhina mantelli, Cretalamna appendiculata, Scapanorhynchus texanus, Squalicorax kaupi, Squalicorax pristodontus and Ptychodus mortoni from the Upper Cretaceous strata from the Gulf Coastal Plain, interpreted as likely indicative of increased body temperature of P. mortoni and indicative of active heating and migration from warmer waters by C. mantelli, is presented by Comans, Tobin & Totten (2025)^[55]
• Benavides-Cabra et al. (2025) describe a new specimen of Protolamna ricaurtei from the Aptian Paja Formation (Colombia), representing the first Early Cretaceous lamniform specimen preserved with both teeth and vertebrae, and providing evidence of large overall body size of this shark, but with proportionally small teeth.^[56]
• Amadori et al. (2025) reconstruct the lower crushing plate of Ptychodus decurrens on the basis of new fossil material from the Upper Cretaceous strata in Croatia.^[57]
• Shimada et al. (2025) argue that Otodus megalodon likely had slenderer body than the great white shark, and estimate that it might have reached about 24.3 m in body length.^[58]
• McCormack et al. (2025) study the trophic ecology of marine vertebrates from the Miocene (Burdigalian) Upper Marine Molasse sediments (Germany), and report evidence indicating that members of the genus Otodus did not feed exclusively on high trophic level prey, as well as evidence indicating that most of the studied specimens of Carcharodon hastalis fed on a lower trophic level prey than extant great white shark.^[59]
• Godfrey et al. (2025) describe teeth of Carcharodon hastalis embedded in cetacean vertebrae from the Miocene Calvert Formation (Maryland, United States), confirming that the studied shark fed on marine mammals.^[60]
• A study on the evolution of members of Squaliformes is published by Marion, Condamine & Guinot (2025), who find evidence of multiple colonizations of the deep sea that coincided with marine transgressions and were likely facilitated by the evolution of bioluminescence.^[61]
• Greenfield (2025) reidentify the large rostrum and four fragmentary rostral denticles from the Dakhla Formation originally attributed to Onchopristis sp. by Capasso et al. (2024)^[62] as Sclerorhynchoidei indet. and Sclerorhynchus cf. leptodon, respectively,^[63] while Capasso et al. (2025) supported their original identification and stated that any taxonomic determination without direct examination is unacceptable.^[64]
• Collareta & Mollen (2025) identify fossil material of Nebriimimus wardi from the Pliocene strata from Guardamar del Segura (Spain), representing the first record of this species outside Italy.^[65]
• A study on the evolution of the shark body form is published by Gayford et al. (2025), who interpret their findings as indicating that ancestral shark were living in benthic environments, as well as indicative of four independent cases of transition of sharks to the pelagic zone and related adaptations of their body form, likely linked to increased habitat availability during the Jurassic and Cretaceous.^[66]
• Assemat, Adnet & Martin (2025) study the trophic ecology of Maastrichtian elasmobranchs from Morocco, and report evidence of similarities of the studied assemblage with modern trophic food webs, as well as evidence of consumption of tetrapods by Squalicorax pristodontus.^[67]
• Cañete-Cañete et al. (2025) revise the fossil record of cartilaginous fishes from Chile from the Late Cretaceous to the Eocene, finding no evidence of a significant turnover during the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition, and finding evidence of increase of diversity during the Eocene.^[68]
• Fossil material of diverse Miocene (Aquitanian) shark assemblage is described from the Khari Nadi Formation (Kachchh, India) by Chaskar et al. (2025).^[69]
• New elasmobranch fossil material is described from the Miocene strata of the Upper Marine Molasse from the Ursendorf and Rengetsweiler sites (Germany) by Höltke et al. (2025).^[70]
• A new assemblage of deep-marine elasmobranchs, including fossils of representatives of five different orders with a wide range of feeding behaviors, is described from the Miocene (Langhian) strata in Austria by Feichtinger et al. (2025).^[71]
• Evidence from the study of isolated teeth of living and fossil lamniform sharks, indicative of utility of geometric morphometrics for identification of isolated fossil teeth, is presented by Pagliuzzi et al. (2025).^[72]

Ray-finned fishes

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Acronichthys[73]	Gen. et sp. nov		Liu et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Scollard Formation	Canada ( Alberta)	A member of Otophysi of uncertain affinities, the type genus of the new family Acronichthyidae. The type species is A. maccagnoi.
Alienagobius[74]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Reichenbacher & Bannikov	Miocene (Serravallian)	Karpov Yar Locality	Moldova	A member of the family Oxudercidae. The type species is A. pygmaeus.
Ammutichthys[75]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Calzoni, Giusberti & Carnevale	Eocene	Chiusole Formation	Italy	A member of Percomorphacea of uncertain affinities. The type species is A. loricatus.
Antarctichthys[76]	Gen. et sp. nov		Gallo et al.	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Snow Hill Island Formation	Antarctica	A member of the family Dercetidae. The type species is A. longipectoralis.
Apholidotus[77]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lund, Grogan & Jacob	Carboniferous (Serpukhovian)	Bear Gulch Limestone	United States ( Montana)	An early ray-finned fish. Genus includes new species A. ossuous.	Apholidotus ossuous
Archaeosiilik[78]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Brinkman et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Prince Creek Formation	United States ( Alaska)	A member of the family Esocidae. The type species is A. gilmulli.
Argyropelecus iranicus[79]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ridolfi et al.	Eocene (Bartonian)	Pabdeh Formation	Iran	A species of Argyropelecus.
Argyropelecus zagrosensis[79]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ridolfi et al.	Eocene (Bartonian)	Pabdeh Formation	Iran	A species of Argyropelecus.
Armigatus simonettoi[80]	Sp. nov		Amalfitano et al.	Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian–Barremian)		Italy
Britosteus[81]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Martinelli et al.	Late Cretaceous	Adamantina Formation	Brazil	A gar. The type species is B. amarildoi. (Named in 2024; final article published in 2025)
Buapichthys[82]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Medina-Castañeda, Cantalice & Castañeda-Posadas	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)	Mexcala Formation	Mexico	A member of Crossognathiformes belonging to the group Pachyrhizodontoidei. The type species is B. gracilis. (Named in 2024; final article published in 2025)
Cacatualepis[83]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Bean	Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous		Australia	A member of the family Coccolepididae. The type species is "Coccolepis" australis Woodward (1895); genus also includes "Coccolepis" woodwardi Waldman (1971).	Cacatualepis woodwardi
Carlomonnius carnevalei[84]	Sp. nov	Valid	Reichenbacher, Bannikov & Erpenbeck	Eocene (Ypresian)	Monte Bolca	Italy	A member of the family Butidae.
Caturus enkopicaudalis[85]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ebert & López-Arbarello	Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian and Tithonian)		Germany
Chanos chautus[86]	Sp. nov	Valid	Guadarrama & Cantalice	Paleocene (Danian)	Tenejapa-Lacandón Formation	Mexico	A relative of the milkfish.
Chiarachromis[87]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bellwood, Bannikov & Zorzin	Eocene	Monte Bolca	Italy	A damselfish. The type species is C. salazzarii.
Chilomycterus dzonotensis[88]	Sp. nov	Valid	Cantalice et al.	Neogene (Messinian/Zanclean)	Carrillo Puerto Formation	Mexico	A species of Chilomycterus.
Cryptograciles[74]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Reichenbacher & Bannikov	Miocene (Serravallian)	Karpov Yar Locality	Moldova	A member of the family Oxudercidae. The type species is C. conicus; genus also includes C. robustus.
Dibango[89]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Davesne & Carnevale	Eocene	Monte Bolca	Italy	A member of Percomorpha of uncertain affinities. The type species is D. volans.
Eogorgon[75]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Calzoni, Giusberti & Carnevale	Eocene	Chiusole Formation	Italy	A medusafish. The type species is E. bizzarinii.
Eomyctophum mainardii[75]	Sp. nov	Valid	Calzoni, Giusberti & Carnevale	Eocene	Chiusole Formation	Italy	A lanternfish.
Erebusia[75]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Calzoni, Giusberti & Carnevale	Eocene	Chiusole Formation	Italy	A member of Percomorphacea of uncertain affinities. The type species is E. tenebrae.
Etelis bathypelagicus[90]	Sp. nov	Valid	Aguilera, De Gracia, Rodriguez & Buckup in Aguilera et al.	Miocene	Chagres Formation	Panama	A species of Etelis.
Ferruaspis[91]	Gen. et sp. nov		McCurry et al.	Middle Miocene	McGraths Flat	Australia	A member of Osmeriformes. The type species is F. brocksi
Gerpegezhus daniaoriundus[92]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schrøder & Carnevale	Eocene	Fur Formation	Denmark	A member of Syngnathoidei belonging to the superfamily Centriscoidea and the family Gerpegezhidae.
Gymnothorax pierreolivieri[93]	Sp. nov		Aguilera et al.	Miocene	Gatun Formation	Panama	A species of Gymnothorax.
Habroichthys bosi[94]	Sp. nov		Conedera et al.	Middle Triassic (Anisian)	Strelovec Formation	Slovenia
Habroichthys celarci[94]	Sp. nov		Conedera et al.	Middle Triassic (Anisian)	Strelovec Formation	Slovenia
Habroichthys dincae[94]	Sp. nov		Conedera et al.	Middle Triassic (Ladinian)	Sciliar Formation	Italy
Habroichthys flaviae[94]	Sp. nov		Conedera et al.	Middle Triassic (Ladinian)	Cunardo Formation	Italy
Habroichthys nietorum[94]	Sp. nov		Conedera et al.	Middle Triassic (Anisian)		Slovenia
Habroichthys veronikae[94]	Sp. nov		Conedera et al.	Middle Triassic (Anisian)	Strelovec Formation	Slovenia
Habroichthys zuitaensis[94]	Sp. nov		Conedera et al.	Middle Triassic (Ladinian)	Sciliar Formation	Italy
Iratusichthys[95]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Schrøder & Carnevale	Early Eocene	Ølst Formation	Denmark	A probable member of the stem group of Lampriformes. The type species is I. ulrikii.
Kalops loganensis[96]	Sp. nov	Valid	Shen	Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian)	Staunton Formation	United States ( Indiana)	An early ray-finned fish.
Keasichthys[97]	Gen. et sp. nov		Murray & Champagne	Oligocene	Keasey Formation	United States ( Oregon)	A flatfish. The type species is K. oregonensis.
Krampusichthys[75]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Calzoni, Giusberti & Carnevale	Eocene	Chiusole Formation	Italy	A member of the family Gempylidae. The type species is K. tridentinus.
Landanaelops[98]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Taverne & Smith	Paleocene (Selandian)	Landana Formation	Angola	A member of the family Elopidae. The type species is L. gunnelli. (Named in 2024; final article published in 2025)
Laurinichthys[75]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Calzoni, Giusberti & Carnevale	Eocene	Chiusole Formation	Italy	A member of the family Gempylidae. The type species is L. boschelei.
Moldavigobius gloriae[74]	Sp. nov	Valid	Reichenbacher & Bannikov	Miocene (Serravallian)	Karpov Yar Locality	Moldova	A member of the family Gobiidae.
Moythomasia lebedevi[99]	Sp. nov	Valid	Plax, Bakaev & Naugolnykh	Devonian (Givetian)	Stolin Beds	Belarus
Nunikuluk[78]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Brinkman et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Prince Creek Formation	United States ( Alaska)	A member of the family Esocidae. The type species is N. gracilis.
Oligobothus polonicus[100]	Sp. nov		Kovalchuk et al.	Oligocene (Rupelian)	Menilite Formation	Poland	A member of the family Bothidae.
Oligosolea[100]	Gen. et sp. nov		Kovalchuk et al.	Oligocene (Rupelian)	Menilite Formation	Poland	A member of the family Soleidae. Genus includes new species O. carpathica.
Paralates simpsoni[101]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bauer & Reichenbacher in Bauer et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)		United Kingdom	A stem-freshwater sleeper.
Phacodus arghiusii[102]	Sp. nov		Trif & Szabó	Eocene		Romania	A member of Pycnodontiformes.
Phacodus scrobiculatus[102]	Comb. nov		(Reuss)	Cretaceous		Czech Republic	A member of Pycnodontiformes; moved from "Pycnodus" scrobiculatus Reuss (1844).
Propercarina occidentalis[103]	Sp. nov		Micklich & Přikryl	Oligocene		Germany
Saurichthys justitias[104]	Sp. nov		Stack et al.	Late Triassic (?Norian)	Dockum Group	United States ( Texas)
Scopeloides bellator[75]	Sp. nov	Valid	Calzoni, Giusberti & Carnevale	Eocene	Chiusole Formation	Italy	A member of the family Gonostomatidae.
Scopeloides violator[75]	Sp. nov	Valid	Calzoni, Giusberti & Carnevale	Eocene	Chiusole Formation	Italy	A member of the family Gonostomatidae.
Simocormus seyboldi[105]	Sp. nov		Maxwell et al.	Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)	Nusplingen Limestone	Germany	A member of the family Pachycormidae.
Sivulliusalmo[78]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Brinkman et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Prince Creek Formation	United States ( Alaska)	A member of the family Salmonidae. The type species is S. alaskensis.
Solterichthys[75]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Calzoni, Giusberti & Carnevale	Eocene	Chiusole Formation	Italy	A member of the family Phosichthyidae. The type species is S. macrognathus.
Sphyragnathus[106]	Gen. et sp. nov		Wilson, Mansky & Anderson	Carboniferous (Tournaisian)	Horton Bluff Formation	Canada ( Nova Scotia)	An early ray-finned fish. The type species is S. tyche.
Tahnaichthys[107]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Pacheco-Ordaz, Mejía & Alvarado-Ortega	Early Cretaceous (Albian)	Tlayúa Formation	Mexico	A member of the family Pycnodontidae. The type species is T. magnuserrata. (Named in 2024; final article published in 2025)
Tenupiscis[108]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Stack, Gottfried & Stocker	Permian (Kungurian)	Minnekahta Formation	United States ( South Dakota)	An early ray-finned fish. The type species is T. dakotaensis.
Thrissops ettlingensis[109]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ebert	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)		Germany
Thrissops kimmeridgensis[109]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ebert	Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)	Kimmeridge Clay	United Kingdom
Wudelenia[75]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Calzoni, Giusberti & Carnevale	Eocene	Chiusole Formation	Italy	A member of the family Gempylidae. The type species is W. diabolica.

Otolith taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Acanthocepola adamantis[110]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Cotton	Oligocene	Pande Formation	Tanzania	A species of Acanthocepola.
Archaeotolithus solidus[111]	Sp. nov		Pindakiewicz et al.	Jurassic		Poland
"Blennius" ignotus[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Poland	A combtooth blenny of uncertain generic placement.
Bregmaceros tanzaniensis[110]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Cotton	Oligocene	Pande Formation	Tanzania	A codlet.
Carapus lentus[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Austria Poland	A species of Carapus.
Cataetyx lacrimatus[113]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans	Miocene (Serravallian)		Austria	A species of Cataetyx.
Chaetodon europaeus[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Poland	A species of Chaetodon.
Chiloconger aflorens[114]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lin & O'Dea	Miocene	Chagres Formation	Panama	A species of Chiloconger.
Coelorinchus adventicius[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Czech Republic	A species of Coelorinchus.
Conger kovalchuki[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Poland Austria?	A species of Conger.
Cubiceps huimanni[113]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans	Miocene (Serravallian)		Austria	A species of Cubiceps.
Dasyscopelus inopinatus[114]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lin & O'Dea	Miocene	Chagres Formation	Panama	A species of Dasyscopelus.
Gadella vera[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Poland	A species of Gadella.
Globogobius praeglobosus[113]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans	Miocene (Serravallian)		Austria	A goby.
Gobius brocchus[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Austria	A species of Gobius.
Gobius inops[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Austria	A species of Gobius.
Gymnoscopelus septentrionalis[113]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans	Miocene (Serravallian)		Austria	A species of Gymnoscopelus.
Hoplostethus boyae[114]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lin & O'Dea	Miocene	Chagres Formation	Panama	A species of Hoplostethus.
Hoplunnis schultzi[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Austria	A species of Hoplunnis.
Juraelops[111]	Gen. et sp. nov		Pindakiewicz et al.	Jurassic		United Kingdom	Genus includes new species J. prodigiosum.
Krefftichthys walbersdorfensis[113]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans	Miocene (Serravallian)		Austria	A species of Krefftichthys.
Lesueurigobius aetomatus[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Austria	A species of Lesueurigobius.
Lophiodes pitassyae[113]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans	Miocene (Serravallian)		Austria	A species of Lophiodes.
Malacanthus bratishkoi[113]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans	Miocene (Serravallian)		Austria	A species of Malacanthus.
Malakichthys schwarzhansi[114]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lin & O'Dea	Miocene	Chagres Formation	Panama	A species of Malakichthys.
Neomerinthe pinguis[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Czech Republic	A species of Neomerinthe.
Odondebuenia austriaca[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Austria	A relative of the Coralline goby.
Ortugobius pandeanus[110]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Cotton	Oligocene	Pande Formation	Tanzania	A member of the family Gobiidae.
Palaspius[113]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans	Miocene (Serravallian)		Austria	A member of the family Leuciscidae. The type species is P. extremus.
Palealbula crenulata[111]	Sp. nov		Pindakiewicz et al.	Jurassic		United Kingdom
Palealbula ventai[111]	Sp. nov		Pindakiewicz et al.	Jurassic		Lithuania
Panturichthys tersus[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Austria	A species of Panturichthys.
Paraplesiopoma[115]	Gen. et sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Trif & Schwarzhans in Trif et al.	Late Cretaceous (Santonian and Campanian)	Bozeș Formation	Romania Spain	A possible basal member of Percomorpha. The type species is P. transylvanica; genus also includes "genus Acropomatidarum" bagassianus Nolf (2003) and "genus Haemulidarum" santonianus Nolf (2003).
Physiculus pinnatus[113]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans	Miocene (Serravallian)		Austria	A species of Physiculus.
Prionotus friedmani[113]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans	Miocene (Serravallian)		Austria	A species of Prionotus.
Protalbula dorsetensis[111]	Sp. nov		Pindakiewicz et al.	Jurassic		United Kingdom
Protanago africanus[110]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Cotton	Oligocene	Pande Formation	Tanzania	A member of the family Congridae.
Pseudonansenia[116]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Schrøder, Carnevale & Schwarzhans	Paleocene (Selandian)	Lellinge Greensand	Denmark	A member of Argentiniformes. The type species is P. hauniensis.
Pseudopampus[112]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Austria Czech Republic Germany	A member of the family Stromateidae. The type species is "Otolithus (Cantharus?)" tietzei Schubert (1906).
Pteralbula jurassica[111]	Sp. nov		Pindakiewicz et al.	Jurassic		United Kingdom
Pterothrissus solidus[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Czech Republic	A relative of the Japanese gissu.
Sargocentron viennensis[113]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans	Miocene (Serravallian)		Austria	A species of Sargocentron.
Scorpaena cibaria[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Poland	A species of Scorpaena.
Serranus lautus[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Austria	A species of Serranus.
"Serranus" plasmaticus[110]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Cotton	Oligocene	Pande Formation	Tanzania	A member of the family Serranidae.
Vanneaugobius voeslauensis[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwarzhans & Radwańska	Miocene		Austria	A species of Vanneaugobius.
Vodyanoi[111]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov		Pindakiewicz et al.	Middle Jurassic		Poland	A teleost of uncertain affinities. The type species is V. schwarzhansi; genus also includes V. stringeri.

Ray-finned fish research

• A study on the development of teeth of a stem ray-finned fish specimen from the Devonian Gneudna Formation (Australia), providing evidence of similarities with the organization of lungfish tooth plates, is published by Chen (2025).^[117]
• Igielman et al. (2025) study the anatomy of lower jaws of Devonian ray-finned fishes, report evidence of overall similarity in similarity in gross shape and composition, but also report evidence of differences that might be related to a previously unrecognized functional diversity.^[118]
• Wilson, Mansky & Anderson (2025) describe occipital ossifications of two ray-finned fishes from the Tournaisian Horton Bluff Formation (Nova Scotia, Canada), and report similarities of one of the studied specimens to early-diverging Devonian ray-finned fishes, as well as similarities of the other specimen to later, Carboniferous taxa, providing new information on diversity of ray-finned fishes from the Horton Bluff Formation.^[119]
• Giles, Kolmann & Friedman (2025) describe a specimen of Platysomus parvulus from the Carboniferous Pennine Middle Coal Measures Formation (Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom) preserving evidence of presence of enlarged basibranchial tooth plates opposing an upper tooth field including small, pointed teeth on the surface of the vomer and longitudinal bands of teeth on the entopterygoids, representing the earliest record of a tongue-bite mechanism in a ray-finned fish reported to date.^[120]
• A study on the composition of the ray-finned fish assemblages from Permian localities in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Russia) is published by Karaseva & Bakaev (2025).^[121]
• Redescription of Palaeoniscum delessei is published by Gonçalves & Luccisano (2025),^[122] who synonymise this species to Aeduella blainvillei.
• Redescription and a study on the phylogenetic affinities of Pteronisculus gunnari is published by Cavicchini et al. (2025).^[123]
• Cooper et al. (2025) study the skull roof anatomy of Gyrosteus mirabilis, and interpret both G. mirabilis and Strongylosteus hindenburgi as species distinct from Chondrosteus acipenseroides.^[124]
• Miyata et al. (2025) describe fossil material of a sturgeon from the Maastrichtian Hakobuchi Formation (Japan), representing the first record of a sturgeon from the Upper Cretaceous strata in East Asia.^[125]
• Capasso & Witzmann (2025) identify pycnodontomorph specimens with supernumerary rays of dorsal and anal fins, and interpret the studied anomalies as likely atavisms and as evidence supporting the interpretation of pycnodontomorph as basal neopterygians.^[126]
• Fossil material of Eomesodon sp., representing the oldest record of pycnodonts from Gondwana reported to date, is described from the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) Jaisalmer Formation (India) by Ghosh, Kumar & Swami (2025).^[127]
• Pacheco-Ordaz, Reyes-López & Alvarado-Ortega (2025) identify a specimen of Paranursallia gutturosa from the Turonian strata from the San José de Gracia Quarry (Mexico), assign further nursalliine pycnodontid specimens from the Agua Nueva Formation to the same species, and discard report of the presence of Nursallia tethyensis in the Turonian strata of the Huehuetla Quarry.^[128]
• Fossil material of cf. Coelodus sp., representing the first vertebrate material reported from the Santonian Jákó Marl Formation (Hungary), is described by Szabó, Haas & Cawley (2025).^[129]
• Brinkman et al. (2025) study the composition of the ray-finned fish assemblage from the Turonian Bissekty Formation (Uzbekistan), reporting evidence of presence of basal neopterygians and teleosts (mostly members of early-diverging lineages, but also a characiform and an acanthomorph) and evidence of differences in composition between the studied assemblage and earlier Cenomanian assemblages from Laurasia, and link the reported differences to climate changes and intercontinental dispersal events.^[130]
• Gardner, Brinkman & Murray (2025) identify the holotype of Arotus hieroglyphus as a scale of a holostean fish.^[131]
• A study on the anatomy and affinities of "Semionotus" manselii is published by Ebert & Etches (2025), who transfer this species to the genus Brachyichthys.^[132]
• Ganoid scales probably representing the oldest fossil material of Lepisosteus reported from Southern Hemisphere are described from the Albian–Cenomanian Açu Formation (Brazil) by Costa et al. (2025).^[133]
• Gar remains representing the first record of this group from the Late Cretaceous of Japan are described from the Turonian Mifune Group by Ikegami, Yabumoto & Brito (2025).^[134]
• A study on the scale histology of Pachycormus is published by Maxwell & Cooper (2025).^[135]
• Kanarkina, Zverkov & Popov (2025) identify fin fragments of members of the genus Bonnerichthys from the Campanian strata of the Rybushka Formation (Saratov Oblast, Russia), representing the first record of fossils of this genus outside the United States.^[136]
• Ebert & Kölbl-Ebert (2025) report the discovery of specimens of Tharsis from the Upper Jurassic strata of the Plattenkalk basins of Eichstätt or Solnhofen Basin (Germany) found with belemnites lodged in their mouth and gill apparatus, and interpret the studied specimens as sucking remnants of belemnite soft tissue of algal or bacterial overgrowth and accidentally sucking belemnites into their mouth, resulting in suffocation.^[137]
• Evidence of variation of morphology of the gastrointestinal tract of teleosts from the Barremian La Huérguina Formation (Spain) is presented by San Román, Marugán Lobón & Martín-Abad (2025).^[138]
• Brinkman et al. (2025) compare the composition of teleost assemblages from the Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation and from the Paleocene Fort Union Formation (Montana, United States) and Ravenscrag Formation (Saskatchewan, Canada), and find that the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event mainly affected taxa that were already rare in the Maastrichtian, but also find evidence of reduced taxonomic richness of teleosts during the early Paleocene.^[139]
• Serafini et al. (2025) identify a plethodid rostrum from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) strata from northern Italy, preservign evidence of presence of cranial and dental traits convergent with those of extant billfishes.^[140]
• A study on fossil melanin in an eye of a probable specimen of Dastilbe crandalli from the Crato Formation (Brazil), providing evidence of high density but low diversity of melanosomes from the retinal pigment epithelium which might be indicative of limited visual capabilities of the studied fish, is published by Prado et al. (2025).^[141]
• Redescription and a study on the affinities of Plesioschizothorax macrocephalus is published by Yang et al. (2025).^[142]
• Přikryl et al. (2025) describe fossil material of Luciobarbus graellsii from the Pliocene strata from the Camp dels Ninots site (Spain), and interpret the studied fossils as indicating that the species was able to adapt to environmental changes from the warmest period of the Pliocene to the coldest period of the Pleistocene.^[143]
• Murray, Brinkman & Krause (2025) identify fossil material of at least three acanthomorph (probably percomorph) taxa from the Maastrichtian strata in the Mahajanga Basin (Madagascar), interpreted as likely evidence of a single invasion of Madagascan fresh waters during the Cretaceous.^[144]
• Carnevale & Bannikov (2025) redescribe Protorhamphosus parvulus, and confirm its placement within Syngnathoidei and are unable to determine its exact phylogenetic affinities within this group.^[145]
• Schwarzhans & Bannikov (2025) report the first discovery of a specimen of Pinichthys shirvanensis from the Miocene strata of the North Shirvanskaya Formation (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) preserved with an otolith, and transfer the otolith-based taxon "Stromateus" steurbauti Schwarzhans (1994) to the genus Pinichthys.^[146]
• Revision of Oligocene palaeorhynchids from Romania is published by Grădianu, Monsch & Baciu (2025).^[147]
• Chanet (2025) revises the anatomy and affinities of the Miocene scaldfish Arnoglossus sauvagei.^[148]
• Redescription of Zignoichthys oblongus, based on data from new fossil material from the Pesciara site of the Bolca locality (Italy), is published by Ridolfi et al. (2025).^[149]
• Collareta et al. (2025) report the discovery of fused dentaries of an ocean sunfish from the Lower Pliocene strata of the Siena-Radicofani Basin (Italy), representing the first finding of fossil material of a member of this group in post-Miocene strata outside North America.^[150]
• Přikryl et al. (2025) report the presence of fossil material of an indeterminate goby and members of the genera Herklotsichthys and Ophisternon in the Pleistocene Laguna Formation (Philippines).^[151]
• Dalla Vecchia et al. (2025) report the discovery of a new assemblage of Late Cretaceous (possibly Campanian-Maastrichtian) fishes from the Friuli Carbonate Platform (Italy), dominated by pycnodontiforms and basal non-acanthomorph teleosts.^[152]
• Dubikovska et al. (2025) study the composition of the Miocene fish assemblage from the Mykolaiv Beds (Ukraine), and report the first discovery of fossil material of Acanthurus haueri, Oligodiodon sp. and indeterminate diodontids and tetraodontiforms of uncertain familiar placement from the Forecarpathian Basin.^[153]
• Evidence of changes of diversity of ray-finned fishes from the south of Eastern Europe (Moldova, Russia and Ukraine) from the late Miocene to the late Pleistocene is presented by Barkaszi & Kovalchuk (2025).^[154]
• Brinkman et al (2025) document the paleoichthyofauna of the early Maastrichtian-aged Prince Creek Formation of Alaska, including the descriptions of new genera (Nunikuluk, Archaeosiilik, Sivulliusalmo), the first documentation of several previously-described taxa (Oldmanesox, Horseshoeichthys) within the formation, and the oldest known fossil record of Cypriniformes.^[78]
• Melendez-Vazquez et al. (2025) link the evolution of endothermy in ray-finned fishes with evolution of large body size, adaptations to distinct swimming modes, and interactions with cetaceans during the Eocene-Miocene.^[155]
• A study on changes of diversity of bony fishes in Chile from the Neogene to the present is published by Oyanadel-Urbina et al. (2025).^[156]

Lobe-finned fishes

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Onychodus mikijuk[157]	Sp. nov		Goodchild et al.	Devonian (Frasnian)	Nordstrand Point Formation	Canada ( Nunavut)
Sagenodus hibernicus[158]	Sp. nov	Valid	Smithson et al.	Carboniferous		Ireland	A lungfish.

Lobe-finned fish research

• Babcock (2025) revises the type specimens of Onychodus sigmoides and O. hopkinsi, and interprets the latter taxon as a junior synonym of the former one.^[159]
• Review of the completeness of the fossil record of coelacanths is published by Yuan, Cavin & Song (2025).^[160]
• Cui et al. (2025) provide new information on the anatomy of Styloichthys changae, and study the evolution of cosmine in lobe-finned fishes.^[161]
• Ferrante & Cavin (2025) study the phylogenetic relationships of extant and fossil members of Actinistia, and name a new family Axeliidae and new subfamilies Diplurinae and Mawsoniinae.^[162]
• Quinn et al. (2025) revise the coelacanth fossil material from the Rhaetian strata in the United Kingdom.^[163]
• Fossil material of an indeterminate latimeriid, representing the first record of the family from the Lower Jurassic strata in Germany, is described from the Toarcian Posidonia Shale by Cooper (2025).^[164]
• Barbosa et al. (2025) describe a juvenile specimen of Axelrodichthys araripensis from the Lower Cretaceous Romualdo Formation (Brazil), and interpret the studied coelacanth as likely to be a marine fish that bred in shallow waters.^[165]
• Evidence from the study of mechanical performance of lungfish mandibles from the Devonian Gogo Formation (Australia), indicating that mandible morphology and dentition type both had impact on stress and strain distribution during biting, is presented by Bland et al. (2025), who interpret their findings as consistent with niche specialization of the studied lungfishes.^[166]
• Szrek et al. (2025) describe lungfish traces from the Devonian (Emsian) strata from the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Poland), including traces of the snout that anchored in the sediment to create leverage for lifting the body while the fish moved through shallow water or across exposed sediment, and name new ichnotaxa Reptanichnus acutori and Broomichnium ujazdensis.^[167]
• A lungfish tooth plate with morphology similar to that of Carboniferous sagenodontids is described from the Devonian (Famennian) Lemgaïrinat Formation (Morocco) by El Fassi El Fehri et al. (2025).^[168]
• Rose et al. (2025) describe new lungfish fossils from the Lower Triassic strata of the Burgersdorp Formation (South Africa), extending known geographical range of Arganodus and Gnathorhiza, and providing evidence of rapid lungfish recovery in the aftermath of the Permian–Triassic extinction event.^[169]
• Casal et al. (2025) describe a tooth plate of cf. Metaceratodus kaopen from the Upper Cretaceous Lago Colhué Huapí Formation (Argentina), expanding known geographic distribution of this taxon in South America, and interpret the studied specimen as living in environment with warm climate with dry periods.^[170]
• Batt et al. (2025) report the discovery of new rhizodontid fossil material from the Tournaisian Ballagan Formation (Scotland, United Kingdom), representing one of the earliest and most complete Carboniferous rhizodontids reported to date.^[171]
• Redescription and a study on the affinities of Eusthenodon wangsjoi is published by Downs (2025).^[172]

General research

• Haridy et al. (2025) identify purported early vertebrate Anatolepis as an arthropod, interpret its purported dentine tubules as sensory structures similar to those present in Cambrian aglaspidids and modern arthropods, and determine the oldest known fossil evidence of vertebrate dental tissues to be middle Ordovician in age.^[173]
• Troyer et al. (2025) study the evolution of lower jaws in Silurian and Devonian bony fishes, reporting evidence of high rates of diversification in lungfishes and coelacanths, and evidence of slow rates of evolution and low functional diversity of jaws in ray-finned fishes and tetrapodomorphs.^[174]
• Llewelyn et al. (2025) compare fish trait diversity in Devonian communities from the Gogo Formation, Canowindra fish beds in the Mandagery Formation (Australia) and Miguasha (Escuminac Formation; Canada) and in six modern fish communities, and find evidence indicating that Devonian communities were less functionally rich than their modern analogues, evidence of greater trait differentiation and lower functional redundancy among fish in Devonian communities compared to modern ones, and evidence that the Canowindra community was distinct from other Devonian communities as well as from modern fish communities.^[175]
• Ivanov & Hu (2025) describe fossil material of new fish assemblages (including diverse cartilaginous fishes) from the Carboniferous–lower Permian strata of the Naqing, Narao, and Shanglong deep-water sections (Guizhou, China) and from the Carboniferous (Serpukhovian–Bashkirian) strata of the Sholaksay section (Kazakhstan).^[176]
• Gonçalves et al. (2025) report the discovery of a new ichthyological assemblage from the Carboniferous (Gzhelian) Bourran Formation (Aveyron, France), comprising specimens of Orthacanthus sp., cf. Progyrolepis, Acanthodidae indet., Aeduella sp. and Decazella vetteri.^[177]
• Andrews, Shirley & Figueroa (2025) report the discovery of a new, diverse fish assemblage from the Carboniferous (Mississippian) Marshall Sandstone (Michigan, United States).^[178]
• Hodnett et al. (2025) study the composition of Permian fish assemblages from the Phosphoria, Park City and Shedhorn formations (Wyoming, United States), providing evidence of similarities with the assemblage from the Kaibab Formation in Arizona.^[179]
• Swimming trails of fishes with diverse morphologies or swimming behaviors are described from the Permian Salagou Formation (France) by Moreau et al. (2025).^[180]
• A study on the trophic relationships of fishes from the Romualdo Formation (Brazil), as indicated by mercury concentrations in their fossil remains, is published by Antonietto et al. (2025).^[181]
• Pokorný et al. (2025) describe trace fossils produced during death struggle of fishes from the Upper Cretaceous marine sediments in Lebanon, and name new ichnotaxa Pinnichnus haqilensis and P. emmae.^[182]
• Evidence from the study of the fossil record of fishes from Austria, indicative of increase of elasmobranch abundance and decrease of ray-finned fish density in the Tethys Ocean in the aftermath of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, is presented by Feichtinger et al. (2025).^[183]
• Deville de Periere et al. (2025) report the discovery of a diverse assemblage of marine fishes from the Eocene Dammam Formation (Saudi Arabia) .^[184]
• Sambou, Diaw & Adnet (2025) report the Discovery of a new marine fish assemblage from the Miocene–Pliocene deposits of the Saloum Formation (Senegal).^[185]
• Pallacks et al. (2025) study the fossil record of fish otoliths from the central western Aegean Sea, and report evidence indicating that a period of low oxygenation of mid-depth waters between 10,000 and 7,000 years ago was associated with near absence of mesopelagic fish.^[186]

References

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2. Burrow, C. J.; Turner, S. (2025). "Vertebrate micro-remains with new thelodont and acanthodian taxa from the Devonian Parke Siltstone of the Amadeus Basin, Northern Territory, Australia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology: 1–19. doi:10.1080/03115518.2025.2552684.
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