| Washington Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Permian | |
_2.jpg) Bituminous coal (Washington Coal, Upper Pennsylvanian; Ohio) | |
| Type | Formation |
| Unit of | Dunkard Group[1] |
| Sub-units | Upper Washington Jollytown coal |
| Underlies | Greene Formation |
| Overlies | Waynesburg Formation |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | limestone, sandstone, coal |
| Other | shale |
| Location | |
| Region | Ohio and West Virginia |
| Country | United States |
The Washington Formation is a coal, sandstone, and limestone geologic formation located in Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia.[1] It dates back to the Lower Permian period, with its base at or near the Permian/Carboniferous boundary.[2][3] The Washington formation and the Dunkard Group as a whole was deposited at a time when the continents were in the process of forming the "Super Continent" Pangaea as well as a gradual drop in sea levels.[4] The result during this period was coals being thinner and impure with high ash content. The limestones found with in the formation are exclusively freshwater deposits.
Paleofauna
[edit]The paleofauna of the Washington Formation is considered similar to that of the Texas Red Beds, sharing many fish and tetrapod taxa. Some of the taxa listed suggest an Artinskian age.[5] Lucas et al 2013 discusses the fauna of the formation. [5]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Berryhill, Henry L. Jr.; Swanson, Vernon E. (1962). "Geological Survey research 1962; Short papers in geology and hydrology" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 450-C: 43–46. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
- ^ Wayne Martin, Bernard Henniger (1965). "The Hockingport and Waynesburg Sandstones (Pennsylvanian and Permian) of the Dunkard Group: ABSTRACT". AAPG Bulletin. 49. doi:10.1306/a66335b4-16c0-11d7-8645000102c1865d. ISSN 0149-1423.
- ^ M. A. Rendina, Wayne D. Martin (1985). "Provenance of Selected Sandstones and Mud Rocks of Dunkard Group (Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian) in Ohio, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania: ABSTRACT". AAPG Bulletin. 69. doi:10.1306/94885417-1704-11d7-8645000102c1865d. ISSN 0149-1423.
- ^ Haq, Bilal U.; Schutter, Stephen R. (2008-10-03). "A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes". Science. 322 (5898): 64–68. Bibcode:2008Sci...322...64H. doi:10.1126/science.1161648. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 18832639.
- ^ a b Lucas, Spencer (2013-01-01). "Vertebrate biostratigraphy and biochronology of the upper Paleozoic Dunkard Group". Paleofauna of the Early Permian Drunkard Group Ohio. doi:10.1016/J.COAL.2013.04.007.
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