Uthong II
| Uthong II อู่ทองที่ 2 | |
|---|---|
| 24th King of Siam 14th King of Ayodhya | |
| King of Xiān's Ayodhya | |
| Reign | 1205–1253 |
| Predecessor | Dhammikaraja |
| Successor | Jayasena |
| King of Xiān's Suphannaphum | |
| Reign | 1204–1253 |
| Predecessor | Uthong I |
| Successor | vacant |
| Died | 1253 Ayutthaya |
| Consort | Phummawadi Thewi |
| Issue | Ai Yi Sam Rajadevi |
| House | Phetchaburi–Viang Chaiprakarn |
| Dynasty | Guruwamsa[a] |
| Father | Pra Poa Noome Thele Seri |
| Mother | Chandradevi |
Uthong II (Thai: อู่ทองที่ 2), the fifth king of Xiān at Ayodhya, ascended the throne following his father-in-law Dhammikaraja, who left only a daughter, Phummawadi Thewi, married to Uthong II, prince of Phrip Phri. Uthong II was born to Pra Poa Noome Thele Seri and the Cham-Chinese queen Chandradevi (จันทรเทวีศรีบาทราชบุตรีศรีทองสมุทร). Upon his death, Jayasena, the son of his elder brother Thonglanraj (ท้องลันราช)—the reigning king of Phrip Phri—succeeded him.[2]
During his reign, Ayodhya’s authority extended south to Nakhon Si Thammarat and west to Tanintharyi in present-day southern Myanmar.[2] To the north, Mueang Phraek—which was conquered by his father in 1225—was left without a ruler between 1249 and 1299,[3]: 29 following the departure of his uncle Uthong I to govern Suphannaphum. To the east, Lavapura in Lavo was administered by Nripendravarman, a prince serving under the Angkorian monarch Jayavarman VII.[4]
Commercial relations with Đại Việt, first established in 1149 during the reign of Sai Nam Peung,[5] were maintained in subsequent centuries. Documentary evidence records that in 1241, a naval merchant mission from Xiān arrived at Yún tún (chữ Hán: 雲屯) to request official authorization for trade and the procurement of goods.[5]
Biography
[edit]Genealogy
[edit]The Ayutthaya Testimonies identify Uthong II as the son of Queen Consort Mani Mala (มณีมาลา).[3]: 46 In contrast, the British Museum version of the Royal Chronicle of the Kingdom of Siam records that the king of Kampoch (Ayodhya)—likely Dhammikaraja (r. 1165–1205)—died without a male heir, after which the throne was offered to the wealthy noble named Uthong, who relocated the capital southward in response to epidemic outbreaks. The Northern Chronicle, which contains a mixed story of Uthong I, Uthong II, and Uthong V, similarly recounts that a son of a wealthy merchant named Uthong became ruler of Ayodhya.[6]: 64–5 This account aligns with the Nakhon Si Thammarat Chronicle, which states that Pra Poa Noome Thele Seri, king of Phrip Phri who prospered through maritime trade with China, married Chandradevi, a daughter of the Chinese emperor and a Cham princess Chandramouli, and that their son, Uthong, subsequently ascended the throne of Ayodhya.[7]: 14–15 Taken collectively, these sources suggest that Uthong II was the offspring of Pra Poa Noome Thele Seri and Chandradevi (จันทรเทวีศรีบาทราชบุตรีศรีทองสมุทร), a Cham-Chinese princess.
Issues
[edit]According to the Northern Chronicle, Uthong II had four children: three sons and one daughter. The eldest son, Ai (อ้าย), was appointed governor of Mueang Nakhon, likely corresponding to Nakhon Si Thammarat in the south. The second son, Yi (ยี่), was sent to rule Tanintharyi in the far west, while the youngest son, Sam (สาม), succeeded his uncle Thonglanraj (ท้องลันราช) as ruler of Phrip Phri.[2] His only daughter, Rajadevi, reportedly entered into a clandestine relationship with her cousin Jayadatta (ชัยทัต), the eldest son of Thonglanraj, and bore a son, Suvarnaraja,[6]: 66–68 who later reigned as king of Ayodhya from 1289 to 1301.[6]: 69
Notes
[edit]- ^ According to the Yonok Chronicle of Lan Na, Ayodhya during this period is referred to as Guru Rath (กุรุรัฐ; lit. 'Country of Guru') and is reported to have been ruled by King Guru Wongsa or Guruwamsa (กุรุวงศา; lit. 'Family of Guru').[1]
References
[edit]- ^ Yutthaphong Matwises (4 August 2024). "บ้านเมืองอีสาน-สองฝั่งโขง ใน "อุรังคธาตุ" ตำนานพระธาตุพนม" [Northeastern towns and cities on both sides of the Mekong River in "Urankathathu", the legend of Phra That Phanom]. silpa-mag.com (in Thai). Archived from the original on 27 May 2025. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
- ^ a b c Sujit Wongthes (21 April 2023). "พงศาวดารอโยธยาศรีรามเทพนคร ฉบับ มานิต วัลลิโภดม : อโยธยา เก่าแก่กว่าสุโขทัย ต้นกำเนิดอยุธยา ต้นแบบรัตนโกสินทร์" [The Chronicles of Ayutthaya Sri Ramathep Nakhon, Manit Vallipodom Edition: Ayutthaya is older than Sukhothai, the origin of Ayutthaya, the prototype of Rattanakosin.]. www.silpa-mag.com (in Thai). Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
- ^ a b Phraya Pariyattithamthada (1968). Ayutthaya Testimonies (PDF) (in Thai). Rung Rueang Tham. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
- ^ Santi Phakdeekham. "จาก 'ลวะปุระ' สู่ 'เมืองละโว้' ลูกหลวงแห่งเมืองพระนคร" [From 'Lavapura' to 'Lavo City', the frontier city of the capital Ayodhya] (in Thai). Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ a b "大越史記全書 《卷之四》" [The Complete Historical Records of Dai Viet "Volume 4"]. 中國哲學書電子化計劃 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
- ^ a b c Northern Chronicle
- ^ Legend of Nakhon Si Thammarat (in Thai)