The Song of the Chinese Revolution
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| Country | China |
| Language | Mandarin |
The Song of the Chinese Revolution, also rendered in English as The Laud for the Chinese Revolution (simplified Chinese: 中国革命之歌; traditional Chinese: 中國革命之歌; pinyin: zhōngguó gémìng zhī gē), is a 1984 Chinese film directed by the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Movie Studio (the August First Film Studio), which depicts the history of China from 1840 (the Opium War) to 1984 to celebrate the 35th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and with a particular focus on the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).[1]
The film is considered the second grand song-and-dance epic of the PRC with the support of the central government, following The East Is Red.[2] It uses The East is Red as its model, but revises the narrative to include the roles of previously omitted revolutionary leaders and with greater emphasis on personal experiences, such as the pathos of the sacrifices made by women and children.
Development
[edit]The Song of the Chinese Revolution is inspired by and modeled on The East is Red.[3]: 11 It was also inspired in by the North Korean production The Song of Glory, which Deng Xiaoping and Hu Yaobang saw during their 1982 visit to North Korea.[4]: 159 Deng described The Song of Glory as "a vivid, visual textbook of the party's history" and during the visit stated that China had The East is Red, which should updated for the 90th anniversary of Mao Zedong's birth.[4]: 160
The Song of the Chinese Revolution had a cast of 1,500 performers from 60 performance groups.[4]: 159 Gu Yue portrayed Mao Zedong.[4]: 169–170 Due to the similarity in their characteristic appearances, Ren Bishi was portrayed by his only surviving son, Ren Yuanyuan, who was an engineer and who had never acted before.[4]: 170
Hu Qiaomu, a cultural leader and expert on CCP history and documents, reviewed the script to improve its historical accuracy, although not all of his suggestions were incorporated into the production.[4]: 161
Narrative
[edit]The Song of the Chinese Revolution revises the narrative from its model The East is Red to include the roles of previously omitted revolutionary leaders and with greater emphasis on personal experiences, such as the pathos of the sacrifices made by women and children.[3]: 11 It also expands the historical scope from the Party history covered by The East is Red to include 1840 to 1984.[4]: 163
The production's prologue is titled The Morning Melody of the Motherland.[4]: 163
Act 1 depicts Western imperialism in China, including the burning of the Old Summer Palace by the Eight-Nation Alliance in 1900, depicts the May Fourth Movement, and concludes with the founding of the CCP.[4]: 161 The Song of the Chinese Revolution features various groups of early communists, including Mao, Zhou Enlai, Li Dazhao, Dong Biwu, and Liu Shaoqi, whose image standing with railroad workers in front of a locomotive ends Act 1.[4]: 165 In addition to its focus on the CCP, The Song of the Chinese Revolution also celebrates non-communist leaders like Sun Yat-sen and commemorates those who died in the Opium Wars, the Taiping Rebellion, and the 1911 Revolution.[4]: 164–165
Act 2 includes the Northern Expedition, the split of the First United Front between the CCP and the Kuomintang, the Nanchang uprising, and the Autumn Harvest Uprising.[4]: 161
Act 3 portrays the Long March, the Second Sino-Japanese War, and the Chinese Civil War.[4]: 161 Among the themes of Act 3 is collective leadership during the Yan'an Soviet, including the "five great secretaries in the Central Secretariat" from the 7th National Party Congress: Mao, Liu, Zhou, Ren Bishi, and Zhu De.[4]: 168
Act 4 begins with the founding of the People's Republic of China, omits the Cultural Revolution itself, and proceeds to the 1976 smashing of the Gang of Four.[4]: 161, 172 Act 4 includes the White Flower Dance, a solo with a dancer appearing in the role of Zhang Zhixin.[4]: 172 Zhang was executed in 1975 and described as a counterrevolutionary; she was celebrated in the post-Cultural Revolution era as a hero who stood up to those like the Gang of Four.[4]: 172–173
Act 5 covers 1978, when the 3rd plenary session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party convened, to 1982, when the 12th Party Congress convened.[4]: 161
In the epilogue, a chorus praises the motherland marching towards a new era.[4]: 161 The Song of the Chinese Revolution closes with Deng's smiling face while the sun emerges.[4]: 161
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Cong, Xiaoping (2013-09-01). "Road to Revival: a new move in the making of legitimacy for the ruling party in China". Journal of Contemporary China. 22 (83): 905–922. doi:10.1080/10670564.2013.782133. ISSN 1067-0564. S2CID 144334213.
- ^ Chen, Shuang (2009). "前奏、间奏与余响:文献与图像史料中的音乐舞蹈史诗《东方红》". 书城 (Book Town) (10): 5–17.
- ^ a b Li, Jie (2016). "Introduction". In Li, Jie; Zhang, Enhua (eds.). Red Legacies in China: Cultural Afterlives of the Communist Revolution. Harvard contemporary China series. Cambridge, Massachusetts ; London: Harvard University Asia Center. ISBN 978-0-674-73718-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Chen, Xiaomei (2016). "Performing the "Red Classics": From The East is Red to The Road to Revival". In Li, Jie; Zhang, Enhua (eds.). Red Legacies in China: Cultural Afterlives of the Communist Revolution. Harvard contemporary China series. Vol. 18. Cambridge, Massachusetts ; London: Harvard University Asia Center. doi:10.1163/9781684171170_007. ISBN 978-0-674-73718-1. JSTOR j.ctt1sq5t95.