Teodor Lubomirski

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Teodor Lubomirski
Prince Lubomirski
Born(1683-08-17)17 August 1683
Died6 February 1745(1745-02-06) (aged 61)
Ujazdów Castle, Warsaw
BuriedCzerniaków
Noble familyLubomirski
Consort
Elżbieta Culler-Cuming
​
​
(m. 1721; died 1745)​
IssueAnna Lubomirska
Kasper Lubomirski
FatherStanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski
MotherElżbieta Denhoff

Prince Jan Teodor Józef Konstanty Lubomirski (17 August 1683 – 6 February 1745) was a Polish nobleman who became Starost, Voivode and Sejm Marshal. He was a Field marshal of the Archduchy of Austria and was made a Knight of the Order of the White Eagle in 1730 and a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1734.

Early life

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He was the oldest son of Prince Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski and, his second wife, Elżbieta Denhoff.[1] From his father's first marriage to Zofia Opalińska (the daughter of Court Marshal Łukasz Opaliński), he had an elder half-sister, Princess Elżbieta Lubomirska, who married Count Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski.[a] From his parent's marriage, he had at least two brothers, Prince Franciszek Lubomirski, who became General of the Crown Army, and Prince Józef Lubomirski, who also became Voivode.[4]

His paternal grandparents were Marshal and Hetman Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski and Konstancja Ligęza. His maternal grandparents were Teodor Denhoff, the Grand Chamberlain of the Crown, and Katarzyna Franciszka von Bessen,[5] mistress of king John II Casimir Vasa.[6] His maternal uncle was Cardinal Jan Kazimierz Denhoff.[4]

Career

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In 1700, he received the wealthy Starosty (essentially a senior royal administrative official) of Spiš from his father. Immediately afterwards, he fled abroad with his father's mistress, not returning until after his father's death in 1702. He became the heir to Czerniaków and Ujazdów near Warsaw (which his father bought in 1674), and after the suicide of his brother Franciszek in 1721, he received the extensive Lańcut estate (which his great-grandfather Stanisław Lubomirski bought in 1629). Through acquisition, he gradually acquired a large complex of estates in the Rzeszów region; he was the owner of Połonne (a former royal town which had been granted to his great-grandfather Stanisław).[7]

He took part in the Great Northern War against King Augustus II. In 1711, he obtained Augustus II's pardon and the return of the Spiš district office. For almost twenty years, he took no part in public life.[8]

Political career

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Lubomirski was a member of the Sejm (the lower house of the Polish Parliament) from the Kraków Voivodeship in 1729 and 1730, serving as Sejm Marshal, the Speaker of the Sejm, leading the extraordinary Sejms on 22–27 August 1729 and 2–14 October 1730 in Grodno. From 1732 he was the Voivode (essentially a governor) of Kraków Voivodeship. He was a member of the General Confederation established on 27 April 1733 at the Convocation Sejm. He was an elector of Augustus III in 1733 and signed his pacta conventa. In 1735 he signed the resolution of the General Council of the Warsaw Confederation. In 1736 he was appointed Senator-Resident (Senatorowie rezydenci).[8]

On 4 December 1736, he was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal. In the same year, he became head of the Cuirassier Regiment, later the Czech Dragoon Regiment No. 2.[9][10]

He spent much time in Vienna and Austria, where he acquired landed estates in 1740. At the Pacification Sejm in 1736, he torpedoed a project for new taxes and effectively thwarted an attempt at state reform. On 10 July 1737, he signed a concordat with the Holy See in Wschowa. He was also a member of the Sejm in 1740, sharply criticizing the idea of expanding the army.[11]

Personal life

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In 1721, he married Elizabeth Mariana "Elżbieta" (née Culler-Cuming) Kristicz (1689–1776), of the Scottish Culler-Cuming family who was the former wife of Kraków merchant Jan Kristicz.[12][13] Together, they had two children:

Towards the end of his life, he became more devout, which led to the construction of a Calvary with 33 chapels at the Ujazdów Church, a church in Boguchwała, and a Dominican Church and monastery in Łańcut. Lubomirski also supported the Collegium Nobilium.

Suffering from gout, he died in Ujazdów on 6 February 1745 and was buried in the Church of St. Anthony of Padua in Czerniaków.[1] After settling his estate, his widow Elizabeth, moved to Vienna in 1748 with their daughter Anna, who had married the Hungarian magnate Nicholas Esterházy. Elizabeth died in Vienna on 26 October 1776.[7]

References

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Notes

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  1. ^ After their father died in 1702, his sister, Princess Elżbieta Sieniawska, inherited many of his estates, including Puławy, Łubnice, Siekierki, Czerniaków and many other properties in Warsaw.[2] She was considered the most powerful woman in the Commonwealth and was called "the uncrowned Queen of Poland".[3]

Sources

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  1. ^ a b Szczygielski, Wacław (1973). "Lubomirski Teodor". Polski Słownik Biograficzny. Vol. 18. Polska Akademia Nauk & Polska Akademia Umiejętności.
  2. ^ Fijałkowski 1983, p. 111
  3. ^ Muszyńska-Hoffmannowa 1976, p. 326
  4. ^ a b Sarnecki, Kazimierz; Woliński, Janusz (1958). Pamiętniki z czasów Jana Sobieskiego: diariusz i relacje z lat 1691-1696. Ossolineum. p. 59. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  5. ^ Biblioteka Jagiellońska (1 January 2004). Biuletyn. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. p. 162. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  6. ^ Marcin Latka. "Secrets of Polish Vasas captured in art". artinpl. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
  7. ^ a b Matuszewicz, Marcin (1986). Diariusz życia mego (in Polish). Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy. p. 723. ISBN 978-83-06-01219-4. Retrieved 7 October 2025.
  8. ^ a b W. Szczygielski, Lubomirski Teodor herbu Szreniawa (1683–1745) w Polski Słownik Biograficzny, Wrocław — Warszawa — Kraków — Gdańsk: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 1973, tom XVIII/1, zeszyt 76, s. 60-63.wersja elektroniczna
  9. ^ Kriegsministerium, Austro-Hungarian Monarchy K. u K. (1835). Militär-Schematismus des österreichischen Kaiserthums (in German). Aus der k.k. Hof- und Staats-Druckerei. Retrieved 7 October 2025.
  10. ^ Militär-Schematismus des österreichischen Kaiserthums (in German). Wiedeń: Nadworna i Państwowa Drukarnia. 1846.
  11. ^ Schmidt-Brentano, Antonio (2006). Kaiserliche und k.k. Generale (1618-1815). Wiedeń: Austriackie Archiwum Państwowe.
  12. ^ Jagielloński, Uniwersytet (1962). Wydawnictwa jubileuszowe (in Polish). p. 69. Retrieved 7 October 2025.
  13. ^ Konopczyński, Władysław (1926). Stanisław Konarski (in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawn. Kasy im. Mianowskiego. p. 120-121. Retrieved 7 October 2025.
  14. ^ Esterházy (gróf), Antal (1940). Galánthai és fraknói gróf Esterházy Antal levelei feleségéhez gróf Nigrelli Mária Annához, 1701-1706 (in Hungarian). Sárkány Nyomda. pp. 153–154. Retrieved 6 October 2025.
  15. ^ Levéltár, Magyar Országos (1964). Az Eszterházy család tatai és csákvári levéltára: Repertórium (in Hungarian). Művelődésügyi Minisztérium Levéltári Osztálya Levéltárak Országos Központja. Retrieved 6 October 2025.
  16. ^ Zawadzki, Waclaw (1963). Polska stanislawowska w oczach cudzoziemców: Opracowal i wstọpem poprzedzil Waclaw Zawadzki (in Polish). Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy. p. 883. Retrieved 7 October 2025.