Template:Gaza war infobox

Main article: Gaza war

See also: Template:Gaza war casualties

Gaza war
Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict, the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)
Map of Gaza as of 7 September 2025^[update]   Gaza Strip under Palestinian control   Gaza Strip under Israeli control   Furthest Israeli advance in the Gaza Strip   Evacuated areas inside Israel   Maximum extent of the October 7 attacks   Areas of Gaza subject to Israeli evacuation orders (detailed map timeline)
Date 7 October 2023 – present (2 years and 3 days) Location Gaza Strip and Israel Status Ceasefire Israel and Hamas agree to phase one of a peace deal Territorial changes Roughly 75% of Gaza under Israeli military control (per IDF estimates)[9][10] (disputed)[11]
Belligerents
Hamas Palestinian allies:  Palestinian Islamic Jihad  Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine  Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades Palestinian Mujahideen Movement Palestinian Freedom Movement Popular Resistance Committees Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command Abdul al-Qadir al-Husseini Brigades Fatah al-Intifada[1]	Israel[a] Israeli-backed groups: Popular Forces[b] Fatah-affiliated clans[6] Khalas clan Khanidak clan Al-Mujaida clan[7] Counter-Terrorism Strike Force[8]
Commanders and leaders
Yahya Sinwar † Ismail Haniyeh X Saleh al-Arouri X Mohammed Deif X Marwan Issa X Mohammed Sinwar X Izz al-Din al-Haddad Khalil al-Hayya	Benjamin Netanyahu Yoav Gallant[c] Israel Katz Benny Gantz Ronen Bar David Zini David Barnea
Units involved
See Order of battle
Strength
20,000–40,000[d]	529,500[e]
Casualties and losses
Gaza Strip: 81,416+ reported killed, including: 67,194 killed[18][19] 14,222 missing and presumed dead[g] "Indirect" deaths[h] may be multifold higher[33] 169,890+ wounded[18] 12,000+ detained[34] West Bank: 995+ killed[35] 7,370+ wounded[23] Israel:[i] 1,609 militants killed[36] and 200+ captured[37] Other theaters: Iran: 1,190 killed, 4,475 wounded[38] Iraq: 16 killed, 25 wounded[39] Lebanon: 4,047+ killed, 16,638+ wounded[40] Qatar: 6 killed,[41] 4 wounded[42] Syria: 567 killed[43][44] Yemen: 12 killed[45] Total killed: 89,479+[j]	Total: 1,002 civilians killed[k] 1,078 security forces killed[l] 13,500+ civilians and soldiers wounded[m] 251 captured or abducted (83 killed)[49] Total killed: 2,080
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Notes

1. See American involvement and List of military aid to Israel during the Gaza war
2. From May 2024.^[2][3][4] Popular Forces have been described as a Salafi Jihadist organization with alleged ties to the Islamic State. Several senior leaders in the Popular Forces also allied with the Islamic State in the Sinai.^[5]
3. Fired by Netanyahu as defense minister on 5 November 2024
4. The combined forces of Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad add up to 37,000.^{[12][13][failed verification][needs update]} Estimates for Hamas alone are highly variable, from 20,000 to 40,000.^[14][15]
5. Including 169,500 active personnel^[16] and 360,000 reservists^[17]
6. Casualty count includes both militants and civilians. For further information see Casualties of the Gaza war § Civilian to combatant ratio.
7. As of September 2025.^[20][21][22] Per the Gaza Health Ministry the number of those recorded killed is 67,194.^[18][f][23] The number of killed identified is 60,199.^[24][25]

   ---

   Israeli estimates of 38,000+ Palestinians killed, including more than 22,000 (later marked down to 8,000)^[26] militants^[27] and probably almost 16,000 civilians (as of May 2024)^[28] (are widely criticised as inaccurate, and no evidence has been presented for the claims of militants having been killed.^[29] Internal Israeli data suggests 83% of those killed were civilians.^[30]

8. In addition to direct deaths, armed conflicts result in indirect deaths "attributable to the conflict". Mortality due to indirect deaths could be due to a variety of causes, such as infectious diseases.^[31] Indirect deaths range from three to fifteen times the number of direct deaths in recent conflicts.^[32]
9. Based in Israel proper (1967 borders)
10. Total is derived from taking the current number of killed in Gaza, the current number of killed in West Bank, the current number of militants killed inside Israel, the current number of killed in Lebanon, the current number of killed in Iran, and the current number of killed in Syria.
11. Including:
    • 797 on October 7, 2023^[46][47] (including foreign or dual national citizens and "up to" 14 Israeli civilians killed by the Israeli military as part of the Hannibal Directive^[48])
    • 83 hostages in Gaza confirmed dead (including 27 not retrieved),^[49] of which 11 were soldiers,^{[50][51][52][53][54]} leaving 72 confirmed civilian hostage deaths
    • 46 on the Lebanese border^[55]
    • 3 in Alexandria, Egypt
    • 2 embassy staff members in Washington, D.C., United States^[56]
    • 33 in the West Bank and Israel by 8 September 2025 (per OCHA oPt),^[57] not including 2 mistakenly killed by Israeli forces (1 in Jerusalem^[58] and 1 in the West Bank),^[59] 4 killed by militants (2 near Ofra,^[60] 1 in Tel Aviv,^[61] 1 near Yokneam Illit),^[62] 4 killed in non-militant attacks (1 in Hadera,^[63] 1 in Tel Aviv,^[64] 1 in Herzliya,^[65] 1 in Haifa),^[66] bringing the total to 43 conflict-related deaths to date
    • 3 in Gaza Strip^[67][68][69]
    • 3 in Allenby Bridge^[70]
    • 32 in the 2024 Iran–Israel conflict and the Iran-Israel war (including 2 indirectly)^{[71][72][73][74]}
    • 2 in Houthi missile and drone attacks (including 1 indirectly)^[75][76]
12. Including:^{[77][78][79][80][81][82]}
    • 998 (914 conf. by names) Israel Defence Force soldiers
    • 70 Israel Police officers
    • 10 Shin Bet personnel (not including those who were also IDF soldiers)
    The higher figure for IDF soldier deaths includes soldiers who died since the start of the war, but not necessarily as a result of it, while the lower figure includes only those listed by the IDF as killed in the war. Both figures include deaths in areas other than the Gaza Strip, including Israel proper, the West Bank, Golan and Lebanon.
13. As of 22 January 2024.^[83] Including 6,318 soldiers (as of 7 October 2025).^[79]

References

1. "ما قصة فصائل المقاومة الجديدة التى دخلت على خط القتال مع حماس؟". dostor.org. January 22, 2024. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
2. "Leader of militia in Gaza fighting Hamas admits cooperating with IDF". The Times of Israel. 6 July 2025. Archived from the original on 6 July 2025.
3. Fabian, Emanuel; Yohanan, Nurit; Freiberg, Nava (5 June 2025). "Israel providing guns to Gaza gang to bolster opposition to Hamas". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 5 June 2025. Retrieved 5 June 2025.
4. Rasgon, Adam (2025-06-06). "Who Is Yasser Abu Shabab, the Leader of the Israeli-Backed Militia in Gaza?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2025-06-07.
5. Uddin, Rayhan (12 June 2025). "'Popular Forces': Who are the Gaza gangsters being armed by Israel?". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 22 June 2025.
6. Halabi, Einav (2025-07-03). "Israel arms Fatah-linked militias, combatting Hamas in Gaza". Ynet. Retrieved 2025-07-09.
7. "Hamas Clashes with 'Al-Majayda' Clan in Gaza, Israel Strikes". Asharq Al-Awsat. 3 October 2025. Retrieved 2025-10-04.
8. "Israel-aligned Bedouin-linked factions to combat Hamas". The Jerusalem Post. 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-09-21.
9. "The Chief of the General Staff in Gaza: "If there is a deal to release the hostages – it will be made possible first and foremost thanks to your fighting"". Israel Defense Forces. IDF. 16 July 2025. Retrieved 29 July 2025.
10. Frantzman, Seth J. (29 July 2025). "How many men has Hamas continued to recruit in a year? – analysis". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 29 July 2025.
11. Zeitun, Yoav (17 July 2025). "העדויות שבדרג הפוליטי דרשו לצנזר: חמאס לא הוכרע". Ynet. Retrieved 24 July 2025. In most of the Gaza Strip, even at this moment, there are no IDF fighters, and the IDF, legally and apparently factually, is not defined as an occupier because Hamas still controls the territory to one degree or another and provides civilian services to the local population. This does not prevent government ministers from boasting of terms that are pleasing to the right ear, "the IDF is occupying," despite the distance between this statement and reality.
12. Abraham, Yuval (3 April 2024). "'Lavender': The AI machine directing Israel's bombing spree in Gaza". +972 Magazine. Retrieved 12 June 2024. as many as 37,000 Palestinians as suspected militants
13. "How Israel is using 'Lavender' and 'Daddy' to identify 37,000 Hamas operatives". The Economic Times. 9 April 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024. The "Lavender" system is designed to identify individuals suspected of being part of Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), even targeting those with lower ranks for potential aerial bombardments. In the initial stages of the conflict, the military heavily relied on Lavender, leading to the system labeling up to 37,000 Palestinians as militants, along with their residences, for potential airstrikes.
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22. Jamaluddine, Zeina; Abukmail, Hanan; Aly, Sarah; Campbell, Oona M. R.; Checchi, Francesco (9 January 2025). "Traumatic injury mortality in the Gaza Strip from Oct 7, 2023, to June 30, 2024: a capture–recapture analysis". The Lancet. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02678-3.
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25. "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel – reported impact". UN OCHA. 29 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
26. "'We didn't understand the goals of the war': Israel's inflated Hamas death toll shows lack of strategy in Gaza". The Guardian. 22 August 2025.
27. "IDF denies report claiming that its own database found that vast majority of Gaza dead were civilians". The Times of Israel. 21 August 2025. Retrieved 25 September 2025. In January, the military said 20,000 terror operatives had been killed, and yesterday it updated that number to over 22,000. In May, IDF officials said that the combatant-to-civilian deaths ratio has remained relatively the same throughout the war, with two to three civilians killed for every dead Hamas terror operative.
28. "Israel's Netanyahu says militants make up about half of Gaza deaths". CBS News. AFP. 14 May 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2025. "Fourteen thousand have been killed, combatants, and probably around 16,000 civilians have been killed," he said.
29. • Edwards, Christian; Michaelis, Tamar (2024-06-20). "Israeli military official says Hamas cannot be destroyed, as rift with Netanyahu widens". CNN. Archived from the original on 2025-01-19. Retrieved 2025-01-25.
    • Morris, Loveday; Rubin, Shira; Balousha, Hazem (2024-05-15). "As Hamas returns to the north, Israel's Gaza endgame is nowhere in sight". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2024-09-25. Retrieved 2025-01-25. Netanyahu said last week that Israel has killed 14,000 Hamas militants; the IDF put its estimate at 13,000 last month. The numbers are not possible to independently verify — and no evidence has been offered to support them — but even the high-end figure would amount to less than half of Hamas's estimated fighting force before the war. Thousands of other militants belong to smaller groups that vie with Hamas for local influence.
    • "As Gaza death toll tops 30,000, is Israel on the path to victory or quagmire?". NBC News. 2024-02-29. Archived from the original on 2024-02-29. Retrieved 2025-01-25.
30. Graham-Harrison, Emma; Abraham, Yuval (21 August 2025). "Revealed: Israeli military's own data indicates civilian death rate of 83% in Gaza war". theguardian.com. The Guardian. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
31. Garry, S.; Checchi, F. (2020). "Armed conflict and public health: Into the 21st century". Journal of Public Health. 42 (3): e287 – e298. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdz095. PMID 31822891.
32. Geneva Declaration Secretariat (2008). Global Burden of Armed Violence (PDF) (Report). Geneva Declaration Secretariat. p. 4. The ratio of people killed in war to those dying indirectly because of a conflict is explored in the chapter on indirect deaths (INDIRECT CONFLICT DEATHS). Studies show that between three and 15 times as many people die indirectly for every person who dies violently.
33. • Aldabbour, Belal; Barakat, Yousef; Elamassie, Samah; Hmeid, Fatima; Dughmoush, Manar; Al-Rantisi, Maha; Abu-Helal, Doaa; Barakat, Lina; Bader, Diana; Kwaik, Afnan (2025-06-24). "War and chronic illness: a health center-based study of Palestinians with non-communicable diseases in Gaza". Conflict and Health. 19 (1). doi:10.1186/s13031-025-00679-9. ISSN 1752-1505. PMC 12186419. PMID 40556013.
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    • For overview about death numbers, see: Bloxham, Donald (2025). "The 7 October Atrocities and the Annihilation of Gaza: Causes and Responsibilities". Journal of Genocide Research: 23–24. doi:10.1080/14623528.2025.2483546. A study of traumatic injury deaths in Gaza in The Lancet using multiple data sources and capture-recapture analysis suggested that the MoH's methods, far from producing an exaggerated number, actually under-estimated the death toll by around 41 percent. ... When considering the total 'excess mortality,' we need to add the Palestinians who have died because of the blockade in combination with the IDF's destruction of health and sanitation and food infrastructure. As public health experts noted, in many wars, 'most deaths' are 'due to the indirect [sic] impacts of war: malnutrition, communicable disease, exacerbations of noncommunicable disease, [and] maternal and infant disorders.' 'Indirect' would be the wrong word for this conflict given the nature of Israeli policies, including the systematic obstruction of supplies into Gaza.
34. "More than 12,000 Palestinians taken prisoner by Israel from Gaza: Monitor". Al Jazeera. 30 May 2025.
35. "UNRWA Situation Report #189 on the Humanitarian Crisis in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem". UNRWA. 22 September 2025. Retrieved 26 September 2025. According to OCHA, between 7 October 2023 and 15 September 2025, 995 Palestinians – among them at least 212 children – were killed in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem. Of those, 189 Palestinians, including at least 39 children, were killed since the beginning of this year alone
36. "הבקשה של פיקוד הדרום בלילה שלפני הטבח - והסירוב | פרסום ראשון". N12. 26 February 2024. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024.
37. Fabian, Emanuel; Pacchiani, Gianluca (1 November 2023). "IDF estimates 3,000 Hamas terrorists invaded Israel in Oct. 7 onslaught". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
38. "Twelve Days Under Fire: A Comprehensive Report on the Iran-Israel War". en-hrana.org. HRANA. 28 June 2025. Retrieved 6 August 2025.
39. "What we know about the US strikes in Iraq and Syria". CNN. 3 February 2024. Retrieved 8 September 2025.
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41. Federica Marsi; Brian Osgood; Ali Harb (9 September 2025). "Hamas leadership survived Israeli assassination bid in Qatar, official says". Al Jazeera English.
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64. One dead, dozens injured after truck hits Israel bus stop
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