Sanvignes-les-Mines

Sanvignes-les-Mines
Commune
The old town hall in Sanvignes-les-Mines
Coat of arms
Location of Sanvignes-les-Mines
Sanvignes-les-Mines Show map of France Sanvignes-les-Mines Show map of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Coordinates: 46°39′58″N 4°17′40″E / 46.6661°N 4.2944°E / 46.6661; 4.2944
Country	France
Region	Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Department	Saône-et-Loire
Arrondissement	Autun
Canton	Saint-Vallier
Intercommunality	CU Creusot Montceau
Area ^1	35.4 km^2 (13.7 sq mi)
Population  (2022)[1]	4,265
• Density	120/km^2 (312/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	71499 /71410
Elevation	277–405 m (909–1,329 ft) (avg. 329 m or 1,079 ft)
^1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km^2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Sanvignes-les-Mines (French pronunciation: [sɑ̃viɲ le min] ^ⓘ) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

The area covered by Sanvignes-les-Mines started to be importantly settled in the 19th century, when the mining of the resources in the Saône-et-Loire coal basin took on new importance and became industrialized—notably through the founding of the neighboring commune of Montceau-les-Mines in 1856.

Deeply linked to the fate of its mines, it saw a significant number of miners join the town to find employment. For a good part of the 19th century, the town was politically, religiously, and economically controlled by the Chagot family, owners of the Blanzy Mining Company who strongly promoted Catholicism, relying notably on the clergy to monitor the miners. It is estimated that between the 1850s and the period of the troubles, about twenty years, more than 400 adult and children miners died in the mine.

This situation ended during the Montceau-les-Mines troubles (1878-1885), when the miners of the town and region joined anarchism in large numbers, making the mining basin a center of anarchism in France, particularly through the Black Band, one or more secret anarchist organizations of miners operating in the region and carrying out numerous attacks.

Following the closure of the mines throughout the 20th century, the town has diversified economically.

History

The commune and the region are part of the Saône-et-Loire coal basin, which began to be exploited industrially in the 19th century.^[2] It was then under the political, economic, and financial control of the Chagot dynasty, which owned the Blanzy Mines Company.^[2] This family distinguished itself by significantly supporting Catholicism, which allowed them to monitor their miners.^[2] Between 1856 and the period of the Montceau-les-Mines troubles (1878-1885), it is estimated that more than 400 male and female miners died in the mine's numerous shafts due to very harsh working and living conditions, without protection provided to the workers—who started working from the age of 12—against potential accidents.^[2]

This situation continued until the period of the troubles, when many miners and inhabitants of the region and the commune joined anarchism, an ideology and political movement aiming to abolish all unjust domination and strongly opposing capitalism and the State.^[2][3][4] During this period, a number of inhabitants of the region, including Sanvignes-les-Mines, became involved in the Black Band, one or more secret anarchist organizations committing numerous attacks and bombings in the region.^[2][5] This penetration of anarchism in the region sparked the beginning of a significant and radical syndicalist movement in Sanvignes-les-Mines and the neighboring communes—the first chambres syndicales ('local trade unions') founded there openly oriented towards anarchism.^[5]

Population

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1968	6,772	—
1975	6,266	−1.10%
1982	5,728	−1.27%
1990	4,918	−1.89%
1999	4,342	−1.37%
2007	4,377	+0.10%
2012	4,414	+0.17%
2017	4,317	−0.44%
Source: INSEE[6]

See also

• Communes of the Saône-et-Loire department

References

1. "Populations de référence 2022" (in French). National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
2. Beaubernard 1981, p. 105-180.
3. Jourdain, Édouard (2020). L'anarchisme. Repères (Nouvelle éd ed.). Paris: la Découverte. pp. 10–20. ISBN 978-2-348-06408-1.
4. Ward, Colin (2004). Anarchism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 20–40. ISBN 978-0-19-280477-8.
5. Germain, Emmanuel (2012-03-02). "La Bande Noire : société secrète, mouvement ouvrier et anarchisme en Saône-et-Loire (1878-1887)". Dissidences (in French) (3). ISSN 2118-6057.
6. Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE

Bibliography

• Beaubernard, Robert (1981), Montceau-les-Mines: Un laboratoire social au XIXe siècle [Montceau-les-Mines: A social laboratory in the 19th century], Avallon: Éditions de Civry, p. 316, ISBN 978-2-85983-024-3