Platygramme

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Platygramme
Platygramme pachnodes
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Graphidales
Family: Graphidaceae
Genus: Platygramme
Fée (1874)
Type species
Platygramme caesiopruinosa
(Fée) Fée (1874)

Platygramme is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae consisting of about 27 species.[1] The genus was circumscribed by Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée in 1874.[2] The type species of the genus is P. caesiopruinosa.[3] These bark-dwelling lichens are found in moist, shaded forests across tropical and warm temperate regions worldwide, where they form pale crusts that develop distinctive flattened, plate-like fruiting structures. A combination of several features characterizes Platygramme: the brown ascospores, a spore-producing layer (hymenium) speckled with granules, and elongated fruiting bodies (lirellae) with distinctive plate-like structures formed from hardened tissue.[4]

Description

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Platygramme forms a smooth, pale grey-green to yellow-olive crust (thallus) that sits flush with the bark and lacks a true cortex. Its fruit bodies start as narrow lirellae but soon split their thalline cover and expand sideways into plate-like discs; viewed from above they look more like flattened shields than slits. A colourless to faintly brown excipulum lines the disc, and the exposed surface may carry a thin whitish pruina. The clear hymenium is non-inspersed, while the thin-walled, Graphis-type asci usually contain eight hyaline ascospores that become distinctly muriform—divided by a lattice of transverse and longitudinal septa—yet remain iodine-negative (I–). Most species are chemically inert or produce only traces of stictic acid-series depsidones.[5]

The plate-forming discs separate Platygramme from script lichens with permanent slits such as Glyphis and Hemithecium. Unlike Chapsa, whose discs are star-shaped with radiating lobules, Platygramme displays entire, rounded plates; and in contrast to Kalbographa, it lacks vividly coloured anthraquinone pigments and its margins remain pale or only lightly carbonised (blackened).[5]

Habitat and distribution

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The genus is pantropical to warm-temperate in distribution. All known species are bark-dwelling (corticolous), occupying shaded boles and large branches in moist evergreen forests from lowland Amazonia and West-Central Africa to Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Although tolerant of brief sunflecks, they disappear quickly when canopy cover is removed; their presence therefore signals long-established, relatively undisturbed woodland with high ambient humidity.[5]

Species

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As of June 2025, Species Fungorum (as listed in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 27 species of Platygramme.[6]

References

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  1. ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, LKT; S, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.
  2. ^ Fée, A. (1874). "Materiaux pour une flore lichenologique du Bresil, II: Les Graphidées" [Materials for a lichenological flora of Brazil, II: The Graphidaceae]. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. 21: 21–32. doi:10.1080/00378941.1874.10827705.
  3. ^ "Platygramme". MycoBank. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  4. ^ Tripp, Erin A.; Lendemer, James C. (2010). "The genus Platygramme in North America". Castanea. 75 (3): 388–393. doi:10.2179/10-006.1.
  5. ^ a b c Lücking, Robert; Rivas Plata, Eimy (2008). "Clave y guía ilustrada para géneros de Graphidaceae" [Key and illustrated guide to genera of Graphidaceae]. GLALIA (in Spanish). 1 (1): 1–39.
  6. ^ "Platygramme". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  7. ^ a b c Archer, A.W. (2005). "New combinations and synonymies in the Australian Graphidacea". Telopea. 11 (1): 59–78. doi:10.7751/telopea20055705.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Staiger, Bettina (2002). "Platygramme". Die Flechtenfamilie Graphidaceae: Studien in Richtung einer natürlichen Gliederung [The lichen family Graphidaceae: studies towards a natural organization]. Bibliotheca Lichenologica (in German). Vol. 85. pp. 352–369. ISBN 978-3-443-58064-3.
  9. ^ Seavey, Frederick; Seavey, Jean (2014). "Four new species and sixteen new lichen records for North America from Everglades National Park". The Bryologist. 117 (4): 395–404. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-117.4.395.
  10. ^ Seavey, F.; Seavey, J.; Gagnon, J.; Guccion, J.; Kaminsky, B.; Pearson, J.; Podaril, A.; Randall, B. (2017). "The lichens of Dagny Johnson Key Largo Hammock Botanical State Park, Key Largo, Florida, USA". Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 53 (5): 201–268.
  11. ^ a b Jia, Ze-Feng; Kalb, Klaus (2013). "Taxonomical studies on the lichen genus Platygramme (Graphidaceae) in China" (PDF). The Lichenologist. 45 (2): 145–151. doi:10.1017/s0024282912000709.
  12. ^ a b Luch, R.M.; Lücking, R. (2018). "The genus Halegrapha new to Hawaii, with the new and potentially endemic species Halegrapha paulseniana and an updated checklist for Hawaiian lirellate Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales)". Willdenowia. 48 (3): 415–423.
  13. ^ Sutjaritturakan, J.; Saipunkaew, W.; Boonpragob, K.; Kalb, K. (2014). "New species of Graphidaceae (Ostropales) Lecanoromycetes) from southern Thailand". Phytotaxa. 189 (1): 312–324. doi:10.11646/PHYTOTAXA.189.1.22.
  14. ^ a b c Nakanishi, M.; Kashiwadani, H.; Moon, K.H. (2003). "Taxonomical notes on Japanese Graphidaceae (Ascomycotina), including some new combinations". Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo. 29: 83–90.
  15. ^ Poengsungnoen, V.; Manoch, L.; Mongkolsuk, P.; Kalb, K. (2014). "New species of Graphidaceae from Loei Province, Thailand". Phytotaxa. 189 (1): 255–267. doi:10.11646/PHYTOTAXA.189.1.18.
  16. ^ Kalb, Jutarat; Kalb, Klaus (2017). "New lichen species from Thailand, new combinations and new additions to the Thai lichen biota". Phytotaxa. 332 (2): 141. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.332.2.2.
  17. ^ Jia, Z.F.; Lücking, R. (2017). "Resolving the species of the lichen genus Graphina Müll. Arg. in China, with some new combinations". MycoKeys. 25: 13–29.
  18. ^ Cáceres, Marcela E.S.; Aptroot, André; Parnmen, Sittiporn; Lücking, Robert (2014). "Remarkable diversity of the lichen family Graphidaceae in the Amazon rain forest of Rondônia, Brazil". Phytotaxa. 189 (1): 87–136. doi:10.11646/PHYTOTAXA.189.1.8.