Panguni

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Panguni
Native namePanguni
CalendarTamil calendar
Month number12
Number of days30 or 31
SeasonPin-pani (pre-vernal)
Gregorian equivalentMarch–April
Significant days
← Masi
Chithirai →

Panguni is the twelfth and last month of the Tamil calendar.[1] The name of the month is derived from the position of the Moon near the Uttiram nakshatra (star) on the pournami (full moon) day.[2] The month corresponds to pin-pani kaalam (pre-vernal season) and falls in March–April in the Gregorian calendar.[3][4]

In the Hindu lunar calendar, it corresponds to the twelfth month of Phalguna, falling in the Gregorian months of December–January.[4] In the Hindu solar calendar, it corresponds to the eleventh month of Kumbha and begins with the Sun's entry into Aquarius.[5] In the Vaishnav calendar, it corresponds to the twelfth month of Govinda.[6][7]

Festivals

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Panguni Uthiram is a Tamil festival that falls on the day when the Nakshatra (star) of Uttiram aligns with purnima (full moon day) in the month of Panguni.[8] The day commemorates the divine marriages of Hindu deities such as Shiva and Parvati, Murugan and Deivanai, and Vishnu and Lakshmi. It also marks the day of manifestation of lord Ayyappan.[9][10] On the day, special rituals, processions and marriage ceremonies of gods are conducted across Hindu temples.[11]

Rama Navami, which commemorates the birth of Hindu god Rama, is celebrated on Navami (ninth lunar day) thithi of the Shukla Paksha (waning moon) of the month.[12]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Tamil Calendar – Months". Time and Date. Retrieved 1 October 2025.
  2. ^ Garima Garg (2022). Heavens and Earth: The Story of Astrology Through Ages and Cultures. Penguin Random House. p. 75. ISBN 978-9-354-92705-8.
  3. ^ Martha Ann Selby (2003). The Circle of Six Seasons. p. xxix. ISBN 978-0-141-00772-4.
  4. ^ a b Robert Sewell; John Faithful Fleet (1989). The Siddhantas and the Indian Calendar. Asian Educational Services. p. 334.
  5. ^ "Hindu Panchang". Hindu Net. Retrieved 1 October 2025.
  6. ^ "Vaisnava Calendar – About Calendar". Vaisnava Calendar. Retrieved 1 October 2025.
  7. ^ "About the Vaisnava Calendar". ISVARA. Retrieved 1 October 2025.
  8. ^ University, Vijaya Ramaswamy, Jawaharlal Nehru (2017-08-25). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-5381-0686-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ Chambers, James (2015-07-01). Holiday Symbols & Customs, 5th Ed. Infobase Holdings, Inc. pp. 885–886. ISBN 978-0-7808-1365-6.
  10. ^ "Panguni Uthiram 2025: Why it is the perfect time to strengthen marriage or heal relationship, as per Hindu beliefs". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
  11. ^ "Panguni Uthiram: Celebrating Divine Marriages in Tamil Nadu's Sacred Temples". Culture & Heritage of India. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
  12. ^ "Ram Navami 2025: Date, Origin, Timings, Celebrations, & Significance". The Indian Express. 6 April 2025. Retrieved 1 June 2025.