Meniscotherium
| Meniscotherium Temporal range: Early Eocene to Late Eocene
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Family: | †Phenacodontidae |
| Subfamily: | †Meniscotheriinae |
| Genus: | †Meniscotherium Cope, 1874 |
| Species | |
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Meniscotherium is an extinct genus of dog-sized mammal which lived 54–38 million years ago.
Description
[edit]Meniscotherium was an herbivore and had hooves. Fossils have been found in Utah, New Mexico. and Colorado. Many individuals have been found together, indicating that it lived in groups.[1]
Body mass in M. chamense is estimated to be 5–17 kg, making it about the size of a small dog.[2]
The molars of Meniscotherium were crescentic in pattern, with the upper molars bearing 2 cusps that formed an outer wall. The lower molars had 2 crescents, similar to other ungulate groups like perissodactyls and artiodactyls. The feet are similar to those of hyraxes, which has led to Meniscotheriinae being placed within Hyracoidea historically, though this proposal has fallen out of favor.[3]
A 2014 cladistic analysis places it within stem perissodactyls.[4] Historically, Meniscotherium and relatives were placed within Condylarthra, alongside other Phenacodontids. This grouping is no longer supported, as well as their placement in the obsolete family Meniscotheriidae.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ Thomas E. Williamson and Spencer G. Lucas. 1992. Meniscotherium (Mammalia, "Condylarthra") from the Paleocene-Eocene of western North America. Bulletin, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. Albuquerque. 72 pp.
- ^ Dirks W.; Anemone R. L.; Holroyd P. A.; Reid D. J. (2009). "Phylogeny, Life History and the Timing of Molar Crown Formation in Two Archaic Ungulates, Meniscotherium and Phenacodus (Mammalia, 'Condylarthra')". Comparative Dental Morphology. Frontiers of Oral Biology. 13: 3–8. doi:10.1159/000242381. ISBN 978-3-8055-9229-1. PMID 19828961.
- ^ a b Scott, William Berryman; Scott, William Berryman (1913). A history of land mammals in the Western Hemisphere; illustrated with 32 plates and more than 100 drawings. New York: Macmillan.
- ^ Cooper, L. N.; Seiffert, E. R.; Clementz, M.; Madar, S. I.; Bajpai, S.; Hussain, S. T.; Thewissen, J. G. M. (2014-10-08). "Anthracobunids from the Middle Eocene of India and Pakistan Are Stem Perissodactyls". PLOS ONE. 9 (10) e109232. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j9232C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109232. PMC 4189980. PMID 25295875.
