Member states of ASEAN

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██ ASEAN full member states
██ ASEAN observer state
██ ASEAN Plus Three
███ East Asia Summit
█████ ASEAN Regional Forum

As of 2025, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has 11 member states and one observer state.

ASEAN was founded on 8 August 1967 with five member states: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. It is headquartered in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Lists

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A list of member states is provided below. The members of ASEAN Plus Three and the East Asia Summit are also listed. Both forums are ASEAN-led and meetings are held following the ASEAN Summit.

Also listed are participants of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), an organisation throughout the Asia–Pacific region whose objectives are to foster dialogue and consultation, and promote confidence-building and preventive diplomacy in the region.[1]

The ASEAN is an organisation on the Southeast Asian region that aims to accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development among its members and to promote regional peace.[2]

ASEAN member states

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Country Capital Area
(km2) 		Population Density
(/km2) 		GDP
(PPP) 		HDI Currency Official languages Leaders Accession[3] Joining the ASEAN Regional Forum[4]
Head of state Head of government
Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan 5,765 411,900[5] 65 29,731 0.838 Brunei dollar
(BND; B$) 		Malay Hassanal Bolkiah 7 January 1984 1994
Cambodia Phnom Penh 181,035 15,626,444[6] 78 78,065 0.594 Cambodian riel
(KHR; ៛)[a]
United States dollar
(USD; $)[b] 		Khmer Norodom Sihamoni Hun Manet 30 April 1999 1995
Indonesia Jakarta 1,904,569 255,975,000[7] 113 3,507,239 0.718 Indonesian rupiah
(IDR; Rp) 		Indonesian Prabowo Subianto 8 August 1967 1994
Laos Vientiane 236,800 6,492,400[8] 24 62,797 0.613 Lao kip
(LAK; ₭) 		Lao Thongloun Sisoulith Sonexay Siphandone 23 July 1997 1994
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 329,847 31,427,096[9] 72 978,781 0.810 Malaysian ringgit
(MYR; RM) 		Malay Ibrahim Anwar Ibrahim 8 August 1967 1994
Myanmar Naypyidaw 676,578 51,419,420[10] 81 258,677 0.583 Burmese kyat
(MMK; K) 		Burmese Min Aung Hlaing (acting) Nyo Saw 23 July 1997 1996
Philippines Manila 343,448 103,371,800[11] 295 1,000,617 0.718 Philippine peso
(PHP; ₱) 		Filipino and English Bongbong Marcos 8 August 1967 1994
Singapore Singapore 707.1 5,535,000[12] 6,619 600,063 0.938 Singapore dollar
(SGD; S$) 		English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil Tharman Shanmugaratnam Lawrence Wong 8 August 1967 1994
Thailand Bangkok 513,115 65,339,612[13] 126 1,329,324 0.777 Thai baht
(THB; ฿) 		Thai Vajiralongkorn Anutin Charnvirakul 8 August 1967 1994
Timor-Leste Dili 14,874 1,231,116[14] 76.2 4,928 0.620 United States dollar
(USD; $)
Timor-Leste Centavo 		Tetum and Portuguese José Ramos-Horta Xanana Gusmão 26 October 2025 2005
Vietnam Hanoi 331,690 99,000,000[15] 248 1,148,054 0.704 Vietnamese đồng
(VND; ₫) 		Vietnamese Tô Lâm[c]
Lương Cường 		Phạm Minh Chính 28 July 1995 1994
ASEAN (total) Jakarta (Headquarters) 4,479,210 673.655 135 5,869[16] 0.729
(UNDP cal.) 		— English (Working language) Kao Kim Hourn (Secretary-general) — —

Non-member states

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ASEAN observer states

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See also: Enlargement of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Country Capital Area
(km2) 		Population Density
(/km2) 		GDP per cap.
(PPP) 		HDI Currency Official languages Leaders Status Joining the ASEAN Regional Forum[4]
Head of state Head of government
Papua New Guinea[17][18] Port Moresby 462,840 a11,781,559[19] 25.5 2,560 0.576 Papua New Guinean kina
(PGK; K) 		English, Tok Pisin, and Hiri Motu Charles III James Marape Observer 1994

ASEAN Plus Three Nation States

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Main article: ASEAN Free Trade Area § ASEAN Plus Three

The present members of ASEAN together with:

Country Capital Area
(km2) 		Population Density
(/km2) 		GDP per cap.
(PPP) 		HDI Currency Official languages Leaders Joining the ASEAN Regional Forum[4]
Head of state Head of government
China Beijing 9,640,011 a1,371,790,000[20] 139.6 12,880 0.719 Chinese yuan
(CNY; ¥) 		Standard Chinese Xi Jinping[d] Li Qiang 1994
Japan Tokyo 377,873 b126,865,000[21] 337.6 37,390 0.890 Japanese yen
(JPY; ¥) 		Japanese (de facto) Naruhito Sanae Takaichi 1994
South Korea Seoul 100,140 c51,448,183[22] 493 35,277 0.891 South Korean won
(KRW; ₩) 		Korean Lee Jae-myung 1994

East Asia Summit

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Main article: East Asia Summit

The present members of ASEAN Plus Three together with:

Country Capital Area
(km2) 		Population Density
(/km2) 		GDP per cap.
(PPP) 		HDI Currency Official languages Leaders Joining the ASEAN Regional Forum[4]
Head of state Head of government
Australia Canberra 7,686,850 d 27,536,874[23] 3.7 64,547 0.958 Australian dollar
(AUD; A$) 		English (de facto) Charles III Anthony Albanese 1994
India New Delhi 3,287,240 a1,366,417,750[24] 364.4 5,855 0.586 Indian rupee
(INR; ₹) 		Hindi in Devanagari script and English Droupadi Murmu Narendra Modi 1996
New Zealand Wellington 268,680 e4,612,280[25] 16.1 35,152 0.910 New Zealand dollar
(NZD; NZ$) 		English, Māori, and NZ Sign Language Charles III Christopher Luxon 1994
Russia Moscow 17,075,400 c146,567,880[26] 8.3 24,805 0.778 Russian ruble
(RUB; ₽) 		Russian Vladimir Putin Mikhail Mishustin 1994
United States Washington, D.C. 9,629,091 b321,719,000[27] 32 54,597 0.914 United States dollar
(USD; $) 		English (de facto) Donald Trump 1994

ASEAN Regional Forum

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The ASEAN Regional Forum is an informal multilateral dialogue of 27 members that seeks to address security issues in the Asia-Pacific region.

The list includes the members of the East Asia Summit plus:

Country Capital Area
(km2) 		Population Density
(/km2) 		GDP per cap.
(PPP) 		HDI Currency Official languages Leaders Joining the ASEAN Regional Forum[4]
Head of state Head of government
Bangladesh[28] Dhaka 148,460 b159,143,012[29] 1,099.3 6,636 0.632 Bangladeshi taka
(BDT; ৳) 		Bengali Mohammed Shahabuddin Muhammad Yunus 2006
Canada Ottawa 9,984,670 c41,651,653[30] 4.2 53,558 0.939 Canadian dollar
(CAD; C$) 		English and French Charles III Mark Carney 1994
Mongolia Ulaanbaatar 1,564,115 e3,032,606[31] 1.75 11,882 0.698 Mongolian tögrög
(MNT; ₮) 		Mongolian Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh Gombojavyn Zandanshatar 1999
North Korea Pyongyang 120,540 d25,155,000[32] 198.3 1,8001,800 est. 0.7660.540 (2012 UNDP) North Korean won
(KPW; ₩) 		Korean Kim Jong-un Pak Thae-song 2000
Pakistan Islamabad 796,095 a191,198,263[33] 214.3 4,736 0.537 Pakistani rupee
(PKR; ₨) 		Urdu and English Asif Ali Zardari Shehbaz Sharif 2004
Sri Lanka Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (Administrative)
Colombo (Commercial) 		65,610 20,771,00[34] 323 10,372 0.750 Sri Lankan rupee
(LKR; රු) 		Sinhalese and Tamil Anura Kumara Dissanayake Harini Amarasuriya 2007
European Union Brussels (de facto) 4,233,262 447,706,209[35] 106 37,607 0.8760.876 (UNDP cal.) Euro (EUR; €) and 7 others Various António Costa Ursula von der Leyen 1994

Notes

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  1. ^ de jure and de facto
  2. ^ de facto
  3. ^ The general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam is the supreme leader in a one-party communist state. The general secretary is also the secretary of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam, being the de facto Commander-in-Chief of the People's Army of Vietnam.
  4. ^ Xi Jinping is China's nominal state representative, serving as Chinese president. Xi is also the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, the most powerful position in China, serving as the paramount leader of China.

References

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  1. ^ About Us Archived 25 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine, ASEAN Regional Forum official website. Retrieved 12 June 2006
  2. ^ Overview Archived 9 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine, ASEAN Secretariat official website. Retrieved 12 June 2006
  3. ^ "Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)". Nuclear Threat Initiative. 31 January 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d e Chih-Mao Tang (10 October 2019). Small States and Hegemonic Competition in Southeast Asia: Pursuing Autonomy, Security and Development Amid Great Power Politics. Oxfordshire, England: Routledge. p. 116. ISBN 9780367415228.
  5. ^ "Brunei – The World Factbook". CIA. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  6. ^ "Cambodia – The World Factbook". CIA. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  7. ^ "Population Projection by Province, 2010–2035". Central Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  8. ^ "Laos – The World Factbook". CIA. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  9. ^ "Malaysia – The World Factbook". CIA. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  10. ^ "The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Highlights of the Main Results Census Report Volume 2 – A". Department of Population Ministry of Immigration and Population. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  11. ^ "Republic of the Philippines Department of Health – Commission on Population (Region III)". Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  12. ^ "Statistics Singapore – Latest Data". Department of Statistics Singapore. Archived from the original on 29 November 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  13. ^ "Population of Thailand, 2015 (Vol.24 : January 2015)". Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  14. ^ "Timor-Leste – The World Factbook". CIA. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  15. ^ "Population Projection for Vietnam, 2009 – 2049". General Statistics Office of Vietnam. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  16. ^ "ASEAN Community in Figures 2013" (PDF). The ASEAN Secretariat. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  17. ^ Papua New Guinea asks RP support for Asean membership bid Retrieved 8 July 2009
  18. ^ Somare seeks PGMA's support for PNG's ASEAN membership bid Archived 6 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 8 July 2009
  19. ^ "Population | National Statistical Office | Papua New Guinea". Archived from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  20. ^ "Official Population Clock". National Bureau Statistics of China. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  21. ^ "Population Estimates by Age (5 Year Age Group) and Sex". Statistics Japan. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  22. ^ "Monthly Official Estimate". Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  23. ^ "Official Population Clock". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 18 September 2025. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  24. ^ "Population, total – India". World Bank. 2019. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  25. ^ "Official Population Clock". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  26. ^ "Official Population Clock". Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  27. ^ "U.S. and World Population Clock". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  28. ^ Bangladesh joins ASEAN Regional Forum Hindustan Times, 22 July 2006.
  29. ^ "Official Population Clock". Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 4 September 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  30. ^ "Canada's population estimates, second quarter 2025". Statistics Canada. 24 September 2025. Retrieved 27 October 2025.
  31. ^ "Official Population Clock". National Statistics Office of Mongolia. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  32. ^ "World Population Prospects". United Nations. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  33. ^ "Pakistan Population Clock". Population Welfare Department (Punjab). Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  34. ^ "Revised Mid-year Population Estimates by District and Sex 2012 – 2014" (PDF). Registrar General's Department. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 June 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  35. ^ "Population on 1 January". eurostat. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
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