Manfreda

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Manfreda
Manfreda scabra
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Subfamily: Agavoideae
Genus: Manfreda
Salisb.
Synonyms[1]
  • Allibertia Marion ex Baker
  • Leichtlinia H.Ross
  • Runyonia Rose

Manfreda was a genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae.[2] Along with Polianthes, members are commonly called tuberoses. The generic name honours 14th-century Italian writer Manfredus de Monte Imperiale.[3]

Manfreda species, like those in related genera Agave and Polianthes, have rosettes of leaves branching from a very short stem, and flowers at the end of a long stalk. The flowers are tubular and whitish, yellow, green, or brownish, with lengthy stamens.

Taxonomy

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Manfreda and close relatives have long presented significant taxonomic difficulty. With the advent of DNA sequencing, new karyologic and evolutionary phylogenetic studies showed that Manfreda, along with Polianthes and Prochnyanthes, were genetically nested within the traditional circumscription of Agave, rendering that genus paraphyletic.[4] Early in the 21st century, these new phylogenetic results led to a reclassification of to include Manfreda, Polianthes and Prochnyanthes together as Agave subgenus Manfreda.[4]

There was reaction against the changes from those who noted that the large morphological differences between the genera in this new Agave s.l. making them "counter-intuitive from a horticultural point of view".[5] Manfreda morphologically differs from the classic Agave description in being herbaceous and bulbous.[6] Thus, based on a wider consideration of previously established genetic, morphological, and estimated genetic divergence times, Vázquez-García et al. proposed a narrower circumscription of Agave,[7][8] paving the way for a reconsideration of Manfreda as a genus.[7][8]

Species

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Plants of the World Online currently accepts 38 species in genus Manfreda,[1] listed here with their Agave synonyms.[9]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Manfreda Salisb". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  2. ^ Stevens, P.F. "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Agavoideae".
  3. ^ "Manfreda Salisbury, Gen. Pl. 78. 1866". Flora of North America. eFloras. Retrieved 2010-06-08.
  4. ^ a b Thiede, Joachim (2001). "Agavaceae". In Eggli, Urs (ed.). Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Monocotyledons. Springer. p. 8. ISBN 9783642625855.
  5. ^ "Polianthes". Pacific Bulb Society. 7 July 2025. Retrieved 10 October 2025.
  6. ^ "Manfreda". Pacific Bulb Society. 7 August 2025. Retrieved 10 October 2025.
  7. ^ a b Vázquez-García, J. Antonio; et al. (15 January 2024). "New genera and new combinations in Agavaceae (Asparagales)" (PDF). Phytoneuron. 2024 (2): 3–4. ISSN 2153-733X.
  8. ^ a b Avent, Tony. "Re-arranging Limbs on the Family Tree – When is an Agave not an Agave?". Juniper Level Botanic Garden website. Retrieved 10 October 2025.
  9. ^ "Search for Manfreda". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2019-04-14.
[edit]
  • Media related to Manfreda at Wikimedia Commons
  • Data related to Agave at Wikispecies
  • Pacific Bulb Society wiki page on Manfreda