Macaranga
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| Macaranga | |
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| Macaranga peltata | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Acalyphoideae |
| Tribe: | Acalypheae |
| Subtribe: | Macaranginae |
| Genus: | Macaranga Thouars[1] |
| Type species | |
| Macaranga mauritiana | |
| Diversity | |
| c. 300 species | |
| Synonyms[4] | |
Macaranga is a large genus of Old World tropical trees of the family Euphorbiaceae and the only genus in the subtribe Macaranginae (tribe Acalypheae). Native to Africa, Australasia, Asia and various islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the genus comprises over 300 different species.[4][5] It was first described as a genus in 1806, based on specimens collected on the Island of Mauritius.[1][3] Many species, such as Macaranga gigantea have uncommonly large leaves, and many are peltate.
Macaranga are noted for being pioneer species. Macaranga species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Endoclita malabaricus. Macaranga species often form symbioses with ant (Formicidae) species (particularly Crematogaster ants of the subgenus Decacrema) because they have hollow stems that can serve as nesting space and occasionally provide nectar. The trees benefit because the ants attack herbivorous insects and either drive them away or feed on them.[6]
Uses
[edit]- Macaranga gum, a crimson resin, is obtained from Macaranga indica.
- Macaranga tanarius leaves are used by the Rungus indigenous people in Sabah, Malaysia to pack cooked rice into bundles to preserve it and impart a pleasant aroma.[7]
Selected species
[edit]- Macaranga attenuata J.W.Moore – Society Islands
- Macaranga bancana (Miq.) Müll.Arg.
- Macaranga beillei Prain
- Macaranga bicolor Müll.Arg.
- Macaranga capensis (Baill.) Sim
- Macaranga carolinensis Volkens
- Macaranga caudatifolia Elmer
- Macaranga congestiflora Merr.
- Macaranga conglomerata Brenan
- Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Müll.Arg.
- Macaranga gigantea (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg.
- Macaranga grandifolia (Blanco) Merr.
- Macaranga huahineensis J.Florence
- Macaranga indica Wight
- Macaranga mauritiana Bojer ex Baill.
- Macaranga novoguineensis J.J.Sm.
- Macaranga paxii Prain
- Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Müll.Arg.
- Macaranga polyadenia Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Macaranga puncticulata Gage
- Macaranga raivavaeensis H.St.John
- Macaranga taitensis (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
- Macaranga tanarius (L.) Müll.Arg.
- Macaranga trichocarpa (Zoll.) Müll.Arg.
- Macaranga triloba (Thunb.) Müll.Arg.
- Macaranga venosa J.W.Moore
References
[edit]
- ^ a b Du Petit-Thouars (1806). Genera nova madagascariensia secundum methodum jussiaeanam disposita. Paris. 29pp
- ^ neotype, mistakenly called lectotype, designated by M. J. E. Coode, Taxon 25: 184 (1976). Cannot be lectotype because not described until 1859
- ^ a b Tropicos, genus Macaranga
- ^ a b "Macaranga Thouars". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
- ^ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Federle, W.; Maschwitz, U.; Fiala, B. (1998). "The two-partner ant-plant system of Camponotus (Colobopsis) sp. 1 and Macaranga puncticulata (Euphorbiaceae): Natural history of the exceptional ant partner". Insectes Sociaux. 45 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1007/s000400050064. S2CID 26704950.
- ^ https://www.facebook.com/pg/geraioa/photos/?tab=album&album_id=10157033718332367 [user-generated source]
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