Littorinimorpha

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Littorinimorpha
A group of shells of species of cowries, family Cypraeidae, anterior ends towards the top of the image.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Littorinimorpha
Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975
Superfamilies

See text

Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails,[1] gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails (marine species), but also including some freshwater snails (limnic species) and land snails (terrestrial species).[2]

Previously, the Linnaean taxonomy used in the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Ponder & Lindberg (1997) ranked like this: subclass Orthogastropoda, superorder Caenogastropoda, order Sorbeoconcha, suborder Hypsogastropoda, infraorder Littorinimorpha.

The order Littorinimorpha contains many gastropod families that were formerly placed in the order Mesogastropoda, as introduced by J. Thiele in his work from 1921.[3] Evidence for this group being monophyletic is scanty. In 2003, E. E. Strong[4][failed verification] suggested using only Neogastropoda as a clade within the clade Hypsogastropoda, and to include the unresolved superfamilies of the Hypsogastropoda within the Littorinimorpha.[5]

Littorinimorpha is paraphyletic, as the superfamilies Calyptraeoidea, Capuloidea, Cypraeoidea, Ficoidea, Tonnoidea, and Velutinoidea are members of the clade Latrogastropoda and are more closely related to neogastropods than other littorinimorphs.[6][7][8] As such, "littorinimorph" has been considered an informal term for non-neogastropod hypsogastropods.[6] It is possible that a restricted concept of Littorinimorpha that excludes latrogastropods is monophyletic, but this is uncertain.[8] There are some consistent clades within Littorinimorpha, such as a clade uniting Littorinidae, Naticoidea, and Pterotracheoidea, and a clade uniting Rissooidea, Truncatelloidea, and Vanikoroidea.[7][8]

Superfamilies and families

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The superfamilies grouped in this order include a few families that are well-known based on their shells:

(Extinct taxa indicated by a dagger, †.)

Families brought into synonymy
  • Adeorbidae Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Tornidae Sacco, 1896 (1884)
  • Paludestrinidae Newton, 1891 accepted as Hydrobiidae Stimpson, 1865
  • Pyrgulidae Brusina, 1882 (1869) accepted as Hydrobiidae Stimpson, 1865
  • Vitrinellidae Bush, 1897 accepted as Tornidae Sacco, 1896 (1884)

References

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Wikispecies has information related to Littorinimorpha.
  1. ^ WoRMS
  2. ^ Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997. 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278
  3. ^ Thiele, J., 1929-1935. Handbuch der Systematischen Weichtierkunde. 2 vols. 1154 p., 584 figs
  4. ^ Strong, E.E. (2003). "Refining molluscan characters : morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 137 (4): 447–554. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00058.x.
  5. ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Littorinimorpha. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382213 on 2010-06-06
  6. ^ a b Ponder, Winston Frank; Lindberg, David R.; Ponder, Juliet Mary (2020-02-13). Biology and Evolution of the Mollusca, Volume 2. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-351-11525-4.
  7. ^ a b Li, Fengping; Li, Wanying; Zhang, Yu; Wang, Aimin; Liu, Chunsheng; Gu, Zhifeng; Yang, Yi (2024-07-23). "The molecular phylogeny of Caenogastropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda) based on mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes". Gene. 928 148790. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2024.148790. ISSN 0378-1119. PMID 39053659.
  8. ^ a b c Colgan, Donald J.; Ponder, Winston F. (2025-07-28). "Redefining Latrogastropoda Again and Searching for Its Sister Group in Hypsogastropoda (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda)". Diversity. 17 (8): 524. Bibcode:2025Diver..17..524C. doi:10.3390/d17080524. ISSN 1424-2818.