Ivan Hadzhinikolov

  1. Home
  2. Wiki

Ivan Hadzhinikolov

Ivan Atanasov Hadzhinikolov (Bulgarian: Иван Атанасов Хаджиниколов, Macedonian: Иван Атанасов Хаџи Николов, romanized: Ivan Atanasov Hadži Nikolov; December 24, 1861 – July 9, 1934) was a Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary,[1][2] teacher and bookseller. He was among the founders of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) on October 23, 1893.

Biography

[edit]

Ivan Hadzhinikolov was born in Kukush, Ottoman Empire, on December 24, 1861.[3] He received elementary and secondary education in Kukush, Plovdiv and Svishtov.[4] [5] Then Hadzhinikolov graduated in higher education at commerce in Linz.[3] After that he worked as a Bulgarian teacher in Kostenets, Edessa, Kukush and Thessaloniki.[3] In 1876, he created a revolutionary youth group. From 1888 to 1892, he taught arithmetic and bookkeeping at the Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki.[5] Hadzhinikolov was a member of the Young Macedonian Literary Society.[6] In June 1892, he met with Kosta Shahov and Gotse Delchev in Sofia and discussed with them his idea of founding a revolutionary organization in Ottoman Macedonia.[5][1]

With his return to Thessaloniki in 1893, he became involved in the book trade,[5] opening his own bookstore in the city.[3] On October 23, 1893, he was one of the founders of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) in Thessaloniki.[7] The meeting occurred in his house. He claimed that he was the first person to have considered an organization like IMRO, writing that it was established to "neutralize the foreign propaganda in Macedonia", especially the "activities of the Serbian agitators" (Serbian propaganda), and preserve the "Bulgarian national feeling in Macedonia".[1][8] According to historian Mercia MacDermott, leading members of IMRO, such as him and Dame Gruev, were initially perceived by the Exarchists as "vagabonds", however as the Organization increasingly attracted youths, the Exarchists changed their policy and attempted to seize control of the Organization.[5] Hadzhinikolov was a member of the Central Committee of IMRO from 1894 to 1901.[3] Anticipating his arrest in 1901 after an affair because an IMRO activist gave the Ottomans information under torture and the arrests of the other members of the Central Committee, he promptly handed over the IMARO archives (containing codes, seals, lists of networks, addresses, ciphers, etc)[5][9] to Ivan Garvanov, who became the new leader of the Organization.[10] Subsequently he was arrested by the Ottomans and sent into exile in Bodrum Castle in Asia Minor. After the Ottoman amnesty in 1903, he settled in Sofia.[11] He supported the decision to start an uprising in 1903.[5][1] During the Balkan Wars (1912–1913), Hadzinikolov was a volunteer in the Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps in the Bulgarian army.[12]

After the wars, he was a representative of the Thessaloniki Brotherhood at the Constituent Assembly of the Union of Macedonian Emigrant Organizations, held in Sofia from November 22 to 25, 1918.[13] On July 9, 1934, he committed suicide in Sofia.[3]

His grandson is the Bulgarian sculptor Alexandar Dyakov (1932–2018).[14] He is considered a Macedonian by the historiography in North Macedonia.[15]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Alexis Heraclides (2021). The Macedonian Question and the Macedonians: A History. Routledge. pp. 37–38, 42–43, 54. ISBN 9780429266362.
  2. ^ Evangelos Kofos (1993). Nationalism and Communism in Macedonia: Civil Conflict, Politics of Mutation, National Identity. A. D. Caratzas. p. 25. ISBN 9780892415403.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Македонска енциклопедија [Macedonian Encyclopedia] (in Macedonian). Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts. 2009. p. 1576.
  4. ^ Христо Шалдев (1934). "Иванъ х. Николовъ" (PDF). Илюстрация Илиндень (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Илинденска организация. p. 4.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Mercia MacDermott (1978). Freedom or Death: The Life of Gotsé Delchev. Journeyman Press. pp. 112, 176, 237, 241, 324. ISBN 0-904526-32-1.
  6. ^ Krisztina Lajosi; Andreas Stynen, eds. (2020). The Matica and Beyond: Cultural Associations and Nationalism in Europe. BRILL. p. 151. ISBN 9789004425385.
  7. ^ Denis Š. Ljuljanović (2023). Imagining Macedonia in the Age of Empire: State Policies, Networks and Violence (1878–1912). LIT Verlag Münster. p. 210. ISBN 9783643914460.
  8. ^ „Илюстрация Илинден", София, 1936 г., кн. 1, стр. 4-5; (Magazine Ilustratsia Ilinden), Sofia, 1936, book I, pp. 4-5.
  9. ^ Nadine Lange-Akhund (1998). The Macedonian Question, 1893-1908, from Western Sources. East European Monographs. pp. 36, 104. ISBN 9780880333832.
  10. ^ Mercia MacDermott (1988). For Freedom and Perfection: The Life of Yané Sandansky. Journeyman Press. pp. 55–56. ISBN 1-85172-014-6.
  11. ^ Dimitar Bechev (2009). Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia. Scarecrow Press. p. 92. ISBN 0810855658.
  12. ^ Петър Дървингов (1925). История на Македоно-одринското опълчение, Том II (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Новъ животъ. p. 727.
  13. ^ Костадин Палешутски (1993). Македонското освободително движение след Първата световна война (1918 – 1924) (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Издателство на Българската академия на науките. p. 65. ISBN 954-430-230-1.
  14. ^ Ива Йолова (Преса) (August 8, 2013). "Скулпторът Александър Дяков: Имам послание за извънземните". Епицентър (in Bulgarian).
  15. ^ Todorovska, Katerina (2003). Македонско-албански врски 1878-1903. p. 41. ISBN 9789989932229.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ivan Hadzhinikolov.