IRAS 20414−1651

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IRAS 20414−1651
SDSS image of IRAS 20414−1651
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationCapricornus
Right ascension20h 44m 18.18s[1]
Declination−16° 40′ 16.38″[1]
Redshift0.086136[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity25,823 km/s[1]
Distance1.160 Gly
Apparent magnitude (B)18.02
Characteristics
TypeLINER;HII [1]
Other designations
IRAS F20414-1651, NVSS J204418-164016, LEDA 90371, AKARI J2044182-164019[1]

IRAS 20414−1651 is an ultraluminous infrared galaxy located in the southern constellation of Capricornus. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.086[1] and was first discovered by astronomers in September 1990, who found it has a total infrared luminosity of 13.5 x 1011 Lʘ.[2]

Description

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IRAS 20414−1651 is an HII galaxy.[3] It is classified as a strong interacting system based on observations with the New Technology Telescope and a compact merger according to optical/near-infrared imaging analysis results.[4][5] The morphology of the galaxy is described as peculiar with a horseshoe shaped main body and some extension towards the south for 17 kiloparsecs, subsequently bending to the west to meet up with a blue stellar condensation feature.[6] I-band imaging made with Hubble Space Telescope has shown this central body of the galaxy to be complex, containing obscured knots and patches.[7] There is an elongated and dusty core.[8]

IRAS 20414−1651 has a region of Hydrogen-alpha emission showing an orientation from north to south across its main galactic disc. There is also an identified component located west that is shown blueshifted by 100 to 200 kilometers per seconds, but it is unknown if it is a sign of an outflow. There is evidence of a south-western companion located 10.5 arcseconds away from the main galaxy body. This companion is known to exhibit signs of ongoing star formation given the presence of split line components with velocity separations of between 400 and 500 kilometer per second.[9]

The galaxy can be classified as a starburst galaxy with a star formation rate of 300 ± 15 Mʘ and stellar mass of 10.42+0.35-0.13 Mʘ per year.[3][10] It shows evidence of very young stellar populations found as highly reddened based on modelling results of its infrared emission powered by starbursts. Based on the results, the stellar population is estimated to be around six million years old.[11] Double peaked emission lines of mainly hydrogen cyanide, hydrogencarbonate and hydrogen isocyanide elements were also detected in the galaxy, according to Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations.[12]

The supermassive black hole in the center of IRAS 20414−1651 is estimated to have a mass of 10.3 x 107 Mʘ based on a study conducted in 2022 on 42 ultraluminous galaxies using the Herschel Space Observatory. The galaxy has been found to have a single nucleus.[13]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g "NED Search results for IRAS 20414−1651". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2025-08-23.
  2. ^ Mirabel, I. F.; Booth, R. S.; Garay, G.; Johansson, L. E. B.; Sanders, D. B. (September 1990). "CO(1-0) emission from luminous infrared galaxies in the southern hemisphere". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 236: 327–332. Bibcode:1990A&A...236..327M. ISSN 0004-6361.
  3. ^ a b Farrah, D.; Afonso, J.; Efstathiou, A.; Rowan-Robinson, M.; Fox, M.; Clements, D. (August 2003). "Starburst and AGN activity in ultraluminous infrared galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 343 (2): 585–607. arXiv:astro-ph/0304154. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.343..585F. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06696.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  4. ^ Melnick, J.; Mirabel, I. F. (May 1990). "NTT images of ultraluminous infrared galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 231: L19 – L22. Bibcode:1990A&A...231L..19M. ISSN 0004-6361.
  5. ^ Veilleux, S.; Kim, D.-C.; Sanders, D. B. (December 2002). "Optical and Near-Infrared Imaging of theIRAS1 Jy Sample of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies. II. The Analysis". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 143 (2): 315–376. arXiv:astro-ph/0207401. Bibcode:2002ApJS..143..315V. doi:10.1086/343844. ISSN 0067-0049.
  6. ^ Surace, Jason A.; Sanders, D. B.; Evans, A. S. (January 2000). "High-Resolution Optical/Near-Infrared Imaging of Cool Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 529 (1): 170–188. arXiv:astro-ph/9909085. Bibcode:2000ApJ...529..170S. doi:10.1086/308247. ISSN 0004-637X.
  7. ^ Bushouse, H. A.; Borne, K. D.; Colina, L.; Lucas, R. A.; Rowan-Robinson, M.; Baker, A. C.; Clements, D. L.; Lawrence, A.; Oliver, S. (January 2002). "Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies: Atlas of Near-Infrared Images". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 138 (1): 1–18. arXiv:astro-ph/0108261. Bibcode:2002ApJS..138....1B. doi:10.1086/324019. ISSN 0067-0049.
  8. ^ Borne, K. D.; Bushouse, H.; Colina, L.; Lucas, R. A. (May 1997). "HST Observations of the Ultraluminous IR Galaxies". Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Serie de Conferencias. 6: 250. Bibcode:1997RMxAC...6..250B.
  9. ^ Westmoquette, M. S.; Clements, D. L.; Bendo, G. J.; Khan, S. A. (2012-06-08). "Spatially resolved observations of warm ionized gas and feedback in local ULIRGs". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 424 (1): 416–456. arXiv:1205.0203. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.424..416W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21214.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  10. ^ Cunha, E. da; Charmandaris, V.; Díaz-Santos, T.; Armus, L.; Marshall, J. A.; Elbaz, D. (2010-11-01). "Exploring the physical properties of local star-forming ULIRGs from the ultraviolet to the infrared" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 523: A78. arXiv:1008.2000. Bibcode:2010A&A...523A..78D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014498. ISSN 0004-6361.
  11. ^ Rodríguez Zaurín, J.; Tadhunter, C. N.; González Delgado, R. M. (2009-12-11). "The properties of the stellar populations in ULIRGs - I. Sample, data and spectral synthesis modelling". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 400 (3): 1139–1180. arXiv:0908.0269. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.400.1139R. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15444.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  12. ^ Imanishi, Masatoshi; Nakanishi, Kouichiro; Izumi, Takuma (2018-04-01). "ALMA Multiple-transition Observations of High-density Molecular Tracers in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 856 (2): 143. arXiv:1803.02408. Bibcode:2018ApJ...856..143I. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab42f. ISSN 0004-637X.
  13. ^ Farrah, Duncan; Efstathiou, Andreas; Afonso, Jose; Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo; Cairns, Joe; Clements, David L; Croker, Kevin; Hatziminaoglou, Evanthia; Joyce, Maya; Lacy, Mark; Lebouteiller, Vianney; Lieblich, Alix; Lonsdale, Carol; Oliver, Seb; Pearson, Chris (2022-04-15). "Stellar and black hole assembly in z < 0.3 infrared-luminous mergers: intermittent starbursts versus super-Eddington accretion". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 513 (4): 4770–4786. arXiv:2205.00037. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac980. ISSN 0035-8711.
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