I'm Every Woman (Whitney Houston recording)

  1. Home
  2. Wiki
"I'm Every Woman"
Standard artwork (U.S. edition)
Single by Whitney Houston
from the album The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album
B-side"Who Do You Love"
ReleasedJanuary 2, 1993
RecordedAugust 19, 1992[1]
StudioTarpan (San Rafael)
Ocean Way (Los Angeles)
Genre
Length4:47
LabelArista
Songwriters
  • Nickolas Ashford
  • Valerie Simpson
Producers
Whitney Houston singles chronology
"I Will Always Love You"
(1992) 		"I'm Every Woman"
(1993) 		"I Have Nothing"
(1993)
Music video
"I'm Every Woman" on YouTube

"I'm Every Woman" is a song recorded by American singer Whitney Houston. It is a cover of the original song recorded by Chaka Khan and written by Ashford & Simpson. Houston's rendition was produced by Narada Michael Walden, with additional production by David Cole and Robert Clivillés from C+C Music Factory for Houston's soundtrack to her debut feature film, The Bodyguard. It was released as the second single from the soundtrack after "I Will Always Love You" on January 2, 1993.

Houston's version was an immediate hit upon its release, peaking at number four on the Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the Cashbox top singles chart in the United States, while also reaching the top five of the Billboard R&B charts and topped the Hot Dance Club Songs chart. It also became a global hit, reaching the top ten in fourteen other countries including Canada, the UK, Ireland, Denmark and the Netherlands. Its top 5 placement in the United States as "I Will Always Love You" continued to top the charts there resulted in Houston being the first artist since Madonna to place two songs inside the top five simultaneously. It would also be one of three Houston songs that simultaneously charted inside the top 20, making Houston the first female artist to do so in Billboard history and also the first artist of the Nielsen Soundscan era to accomplish this milestone.

The song won Houston a Grammy Award nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance at the 36th Annual Grammy Awards, eventually losing out to Toni Braxton's "Another Sad Love Song" and is notable as the only Grammy loss Houston received that night out of four nominations. The music video of the song, directed by Randee St. Nicholas, later won Houston an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Music Video in 1994. A live performance of "I'm Every Woman" was included in the 1999 release Divas Live '99 as a duet with Chaka Khan. A 1994 performance was included on the 2014 CD and DVD release, Whitney Houston Live: Her Greatest Performances.[3]

Like most of Houston's hits, it has been placed in retrospective best-of lists, including Pitchfork, which listed the song as one of the 250 greatest songs released in the 1990s.

Background and recording

[edit]

As a teenager, Houston began her early career in music as a session vocalist. In 1979, a sixteen-year-old Houston was paid $60 to sing background for American funk singer Chaka Khan on the songs "Clouds" and "Our Love's in Danger" on Khan's sophomore solo album, Naughty, which was released in March 1980. "Clouds" was written by the husband-wife team of Ashford & Simpson and became a US Billboard R&B hit.

Houston had grown up listening to Khan's music as a child and later cited her as one of her musical inspirations.[4] According to Houston's friend and assistant Robyn Crawford, the singer had aspired to cover Khan's songs. Following her initial rise to stardom in the 1980s, Houston often covered the artist's "Sweet Thing" in concert performances.

In 1991, Houston began filming her first leading role in a feature film, The Bodyguard. After signing a contract to record the film's soundtrack, Houston, who earned creative control as an executive producer, began assembling songs with the film's musical supervisor Maureen Crowe, eventually recording five songs by the summer of 1992. After recording the penultimate song, "I Will Always Love You", they decided a sixth song should be recorded. According to Crawford, she reminded the singer of wanting to cover Khan. Houston then decided to do a rendition of Khan's 1978 hit, "I'm Every Woman".

Houston personally called longtime collaborator and producer Narada Michael Walden to produce the track. Walden, who was working with C+C Music Factory's David Cole and Robert Clivillés, decided to work on the track with the duo. Walden later wrote that he was nervous on how to approach the song since Khan's had been a huge hit. Houston and Walden decided to begin the song with a soul ballad intro ("Whatever you want, whatever you need..."). According to Walden, Houston, who had just married singer Bobby Brown that summer, was several months pregnant with her daughter Bobbi Kristina Brown when they recorded the song.

Contrary to popular belief, Houston did not perform backing vocals on Khan's original 1978 version. Chaka Khan confirmed this in an interview with Lester Holt in 2012.[5] As a tribute to Khan, Houston proclaims Khan's name towards the end of the song.

Release

[edit]

Commercial performance

[edit]
Houston's I'm Every Woman made her the first artist to send two songs to the top five of the Billboard Hot 100 since Madonna in 1985.

When "I'm Every Woman" was released, Houston's preceding single, "I Will Always Love You," was still at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 (it remained there for eight more weeks). Immediately a week after its official release, the song debuted at number 66 for the week of January 9, 1993.[6] In its sixth week on the chart, the song entered the top ten at number ten on February 13, 1993.[7] In its seventh, the song climbed to its peak position of number four.[8] In accomplishing this feat, Houston became the first artist since Madonna in April 1985 to land multiple songs inside the top five of the Billboard Hot 100.[9] Houston was also the sixth overall artist after Madonna, Elvis Presley, the Beatles, Bee Gees and Donna Summer preceded her.

On March 13, Houston became the first artist of the Nielsen Soundscan era to chart three songs simultaneously inside the top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100 after "I'm Every Woman" and "I Will Always Love You" were joined by the third Bodyguard single, "I Have Nothing".[10] It would remain inside the top ten for eight weeks and inside the top 40 for 19 weeks, eventually spending a total of 23 weeks altogether.

On the Hot R&B Singles chart, the song joined "I Will Always Love You" inside the top ten at number 10 on February 20.[11] The song reached its peak position of number five on February 27.[12] Like inside the Hot 100, the track would stay inside the top ten for eight weeks.[13]

The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart, marking Houston's fourth number-one single on the dance chart and her first chart-topper there since "Love Will Save the Day" topped the chart in August 1988.[14] Despite it being an uptempo single, the song crossed over to adult contemporary radio, reaching the top 30 of the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks where it peaked at number 26 for the week of February 13, 1993, spending 14 weeks on the chart.

On the US Cash Box charts, the song was even more successful, reaching number one on both its Top 100 Singles chart and the R&B Singles chart. It was Houston's tenth number one single on the former chart. In Canada, the song reached number two.

Outside North America, the song was a huge global hit. It reached number 6 on the Eurochart Hot 100. The dance song reached the top ten in 12 individual European countries, reaching number 2 in Belgium, number 3 in Spain and the Netherlands' Dutch Top 40, number 4 in the UK, Ireland, the Netherlands' Single Top 100 and Portugal, number 5 in Denmark, number 6 in Italy, number 7 in Sweden and Greece, number 8 in Iceland and number 10 in Finland. In Germany, Austria and Switzerland, it reached the top 20. In Oceania, the song reached higher positions than in Khan's version, peaking at number 5 in New Zealand and number 11 in Australia.

Critical reception

[edit]

AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine praised Houston's cover version of "I'm Every Woman", stating that it's a "first-rate" urban pop song "that skillfully capture[s] Houston at her best."[15] Upon the release, Larry Flick from Billboard magazine wrote, "Utilizing the original version's instantly recognizable vocal arrangement, Houston belts with unbridled confidence and power."[16] Randy Clark from Cash Box named it a "dance-inspired tune", noting its "discotheque feel and obvious dance floor appeal. Although Whitney is the strongest aspect of this song, the combination of her voice and the house jam should launch this track high onto various charts and playlists alike."[2] Entertainment Weekly's Amy Linden praised the cover as "triumphant". She explained, "To take on another diva's material requires the female equivalent of cojones, and Houston (wisely) doesn't muck around with the original's overall tone or arrangement. But she sure does it justice, even adding a sly Chaka shout-out as the cut fades."[17]

Alan Jones from Music Week felt the singer "does her best to xerox the performance of Chaka Khan."[18] Nancy Culp from NME said her "Whitney-ed version" is "well over the top and she carries it decently, but lacks the real soul to give it punch."[19] Stephen Holden of The New York Times wrote, "Though not as exuberantly sexy as the original, her version [...] is a respectable imitation."[20] A writer from Rolling Stone called it an overwrought remake and added that Whitney undermined her soul roots.[21] USA Today complimented the song, "She adds surprises: Chaka Khan's 'I'm Every Woman' becomes sweaty house music."[22]

Music video

[edit]

The accompanying music video for "I'm Every Woman" was shot at the Newark Symphony Hall and directed by Randee St. Nicholas, and features a very pregnant Houston performing the song, while scenes from The Bodyguard are intercut into the clip.

In addition to Houston's mother Cissy Houston, the video also features cameo appearances by Chaka Khan, Valerie Simpson and label mate TLC.

The video entered heavy rotation on virtually every music video channel including MTV, BET and VH1 almost as soon as it had its world premiere on those channels in January 1993.

The video was later made available on Houston's official YouTube channel in 2009 and had generated more than 103 million views as of November 2025.[23]

Live performances

[edit]

Houston performed the song numerous times on her concert tours, first performing the song at the end of her concerts during The Bodyguard World Tour (1993-1994). She also performed the song during selected dates on her two last major tours, the My Love Is Your Love World Tour (1999) and the Nothing but Love World Tour (2009-2010). She also performed the song on her regional tours such as the Pacific Rim Tour (1997) and European Tour (1998).

Houston also performed it on live television, first doing so on the taping of her concert in Rio de Janeiro in January 1994, as well as taped concerts in Santiago, Buenos Aires and Caracas in April 1994 as well as the Durban and Johannesburg shows in South Africa where she became the first international artist to headline a major stadium tour in the country following the end of apartheid. She performed the song during the 1994 Soul Train Music Awards. In April 1999, she performed the song as the finale of her show-stopping set on VH1 Divas Live, singing it with the song's original artist, Chaka Khan. She also performed the song live during her performance on Good Morning America in September 2009.

Accolades and legacy

[edit]

The song was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance at the 36th Annual Grammy Awards in 1994, losing out to Toni Braxton's "Another Sad Love Song" while the video won the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Music Video that same year.

The song has received retrospective accolades since its release and has been cited as one of Houston's best songs and one of the best recordings of the 1990s. In its list of the "250 Best Songs of the 1990s", Pitchfork ranked Houston's version at number 211.[24] In their list of the 20 greatest Houston songs of her career, Forbes ranked the song thirteenth place, writing how Houston's rendition of the Khan song was an "anthem in its own right".[25] It further wrote that the song was "a top Whitney song because it embodies the spirit of empowerment and celebrates the strength of women, a message that resonates as strongly today as it did when the song was first released."[25]

On their list of the 25 best Houston songs prior to the singer's posthumous induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020, Billboard also ranked it 13th place, writing that the song "[struck] a chord in the hearts of all women."[26] Smooth Radio included the song in their list of fifteen best Houston songs, writing that the song was "a powerful anthem of female empowerment, celebrating the versatility and strength of women."[27] In their list of best Houston songs, Entertainment Weekly ranked it eighth place writing how Houston took "the Chaka Khan original out of the disco era and transported it into early-'90s R&B funkland".[28] It ranked 11th place among Houston's 20 on About.com.[29] In their list of 15 essential Houston songs, The A.V. Club wrote that the song showed Houston's "versatility" in "full display" after the "soaring, ululating intro falls into pure disco pleasure".[30]

Track listings and formats

[edit]

Credits and personnel

[edit]
  • Performed by Whitney Houston
  • Produced by Narada Michael Walden
  • Additional production and remix by Robert Clivilles and David Cole
  • Vocal arrangement inspired by Chaka Khan
  • Additional vocal arrangement and production by Robert Clivilles and David Cole
  • Percussion by Bashiri Johnson
  • Roland TR-909 Programming by Louis Biancaniello, James Alfano and Chauncey Mahan
  • Recording engineers – Matt Rohr, Marc Reyburn
  • Additional production recording engineers – Acar S. Key, Richard Joseph
  • Mixing engineer – Bob Rosa
  • Executive producers - Clive Davis, Whitney Houston

Charts

[edit]

Certifications and sales

[edit]
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[77] Gold 35,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[97] Silver 200,000‡
United States (RIAA)[98] Platinum 1,000,000‡

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Release history

[edit]
Region Date Format(s) Label(s) Ref.
United States January 2, 1993
  • 7-inch vinyl
  • 12-inch vinyl
  • CD
  • cassette
 Arista [citation needed]
Sweden January 11, 1993 CD [99]
United Kingdom February 8, 1993
  • 7-inch vinyl
  • 12-inch vinyl
  • CD
  • cassette
 [100]
Australia February 14, 1993 Cassette [101]
March 7, 1993 12-inch vinyl [102]
Japan March 24, 1993 Mini-CD [103]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "I'm Every Woman (Clivilles & Cole House Mix I Edit) * Whitney Houston Official Site".
  2. ^ a b Clark, Randy (January 23, 1993). "Music Reviews: Singles" (PDF). Cash Box. p. 5. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
  3. ^ Andy Kellman. "Live: Her Greatest Performances". AllMusic.
  4. ^ DeCurtis, Anthony (June 10, 1993). "Whitney Houston: Down and Dirty". Rolling Stone. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  5. ^ Holt, Lester. "Chaka Khan: Whitney like a sister". NBC Today Show. NBC. Retrieved February 12, 2012.[dead link]
  6. ^ "Billboard Hot 100". Billboard. January 9, 1993. Retrieved November 19, 2025.
  7. ^ "Billboard Hot 100 (week of February 13, 1993)". Billboard. February 13, 1993. Retrieved June 22, 2025.
  8. ^ "Billboard Hot 100 (week of February 20, 1993)". Billboard. June 22, 2025.
  9. ^ Fred Bronson (February 20, 1993). "Chart Beat: Soundtrack Singles On Fast Track" (PDF). Rolling Stone. p. 92. Retrieved November 19, 2025.
  10. ^ "Billboard Hot 100 (week of March 13, 1993)". Billboard. March 13, 1993. Retrieved June 22, 2025.
  11. ^ "Billboard Hot R&B Singles". Billboard. February 20, 1993. Retrieved June 22, 2025.
  12. ^ "Billboard Hot R&B Singles". Billboard. February 27, 1993. Retrieved June 22, 2025.
  13. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004. Record Research. p. 263.
  14. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Hot Dance/Disco: 1974-2003. Record Research. p. 124.
  15. ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine. "The Bodyguard [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]". AllMusic.
  16. ^ Flick, Larry (January 23, 1993). "Single Reviews" (PDF). Billboard. p. 80. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  17. ^ Linden, Amy. "The Bodyguard (soundtrack) - EW.com". Entertainment Weekly's EW.com. Archived from the original on July 12, 2009. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  18. ^ Jones, Alan (February 6, 1993). "Market Preview: Mainstream - Singles" (PDF). Music Week. p. 10. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  19. ^ Culp, Nancy (November 21, 1992). "Long Play". NME. p. 34. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  20. ^ Holden, Stephen (December 20, 1992). "Record Brief". The New York Times.
  21. ^ "Whitney Houston: Album Guide | Rolling Stone Music". Rolling Stone. March 24, 2014. Archived from the original on March 24, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  22. ^ "The Bodyguard Soundtrack". Archived from the original on October 4, 2011.
  23. ^ "Whitney Houston - I'm Every Woman (Official Video)". YouTube. November 14, 2009. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
  24. ^ "The 250 Best Songs of the 1990s". Pitchfork. September 27, 2022. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
  25. ^ a b Sughnen Yongo (August 17, 2024). "Whitney Houston's 20 Greatest Songs Ever". Forbes. Retrieved November 19, 2025.
  26. ^ "Whitney Houston's 25 Best Songs: Billboard Staff Picks". Billboard. November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2025.
  27. ^ "Whitney Houston's 15 greatest songs of all time, ranked". Smooth Radio. August 9, 2023. Retrieved November 19, 2025.
  28. ^ Leah Greenblatt (July 8, 2024). "The 25 best Whitney Houston songs, from deep cuts to chart-toppers". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 19, 2025.
  29. ^ Bill Lamb (November 1, 2018). "Top 20 Best Whitney Houston Songs". About.com. Retrieved November 19, 2025.
  30. ^ Hattie Lindert (December 21, 2022). "15 powerful, essential Whitney Houston songs (that aren't "I Will Always Love You")". The A.V. Club. Retrieved November 19, 2025.
  31. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  32. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  33. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  34. ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 100236." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
  35. ^ "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 1741." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
  36. ^ "Top RPM Dance/Urban: Issue 1786." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
  37. ^ Lwin, Nanda (2000). Top 40 Hits: The Essential Chart Guide. Music Data Canada. p. 135. ISBN 1-896594-13-1.
  38. ^ "Top 10 Sales in Europe" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 10. March 6, 1993. p. 20. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
  39. ^ "Eurochart Hot 100 Singles" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 10. March 6, 1993. p. 19. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
  40. ^ "European Dance Radio Top 25" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 15. April 10, 1993. p. 9. Retrieved November 18, 2019.
  41. ^ "EHR Top 40" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 13. March 27, 1993. p. 30. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  42. ^ Pennanen, Timo (2006). Sisältää hitin: Levyt ja esittäjät Suomen musiikkilistoilla vuodesta 1972. Finland: Otava. p. 161. ISBN 951-1-21053-X.
  43. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman" (in French). Le classement de singles. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  44. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  45. ^ "Top 10 Sales in Europe" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 15. April 10, 1993. p. 24. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  46. ^ "Íslenski Listinn Topp 40 (26.02.1993 – 04.03.1993)" (PDF). Dagblaðið Vísir – Tónlist. Retrieved February 4, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  47. ^ "Irish Charts placements for Whitney Houston". Irish Recorded Music Association. Retrieved November 18, 2025.
  48. ^ "Top 10 Sales in Europe" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 12. March 20, 1993. p. 24. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
  49. ^ "Whitney Houston - I'm Every Woman". Top40.nl. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
  50. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  51. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  52. ^ "Top 10 Sales in Europe" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 16. April 17, 1993. p. 28. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  53. ^ "Palmarès de la chanson anglophone et allophone au Québec" (PDF) (in French). BAnQ. 12 July 1997. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 November 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2025.
  54. ^ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. p. 810. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
  55. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman". Singles Top 100. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  56. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  57. ^ "Whitney Houston: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  58. ^ "Top 50 Airplay Chart" (PDF). Music Week. March 27, 1993. p. 22. Retrieved April 27, 2024.
  59. ^ "Top 60 Dance Singles" (PDF). Music Week. February 20, 1993. p. 20. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  60. ^ "The RM Club Chart" (PDF). Music Week, in Record Mirror (Dance Update Supplemental insert). February 20, 1993. p. 4. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
  61. ^ "Whitney Houston Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  62. ^ "Whitney Houston Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  63. ^ "Whitney Houston Chart History (Dance Club Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  64. ^ "Whitney Houston Chart History (Dance Singles Sales)". Billboard. Retrieved March 31, 2025.
  65. ^ "Whitney Houston Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  66. ^ "Whitney Houston Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  67. ^ "Whitney Houston Chart History (Rhythmic Airplay)". Billboard. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  68. ^ "Cash Box Top 100 Singles – Week ending March 20, 1993". Cash Box. March 20, 1993. Archived from the original on October 10, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  69. ^ "Cash Box R&B Singles - Week ending March 27, 1993". Cash Box. March 27, 1993. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  70. ^ "Whitney Houston". Gghunt.utasites.cloud. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  71. ^ "ARIA Charts: The ARIA Report week commencing 20 February 2012 - Issue #1147" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association Ltd. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 15, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  72. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman" (in French). Le classement de singles.
  73. ^ "Whitney Houston Chart History (Japan Hot 100)". Billboard.
  74. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
  75. ^ "Whitney Houston Chart History (Digital Song Sales)". Billboard.
  76. ^ "Local & International Radio Chart Top 100 Week 32 - 2022 - TOSAC". The Official South African Charts. Recording Industry of South Africa. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
  77. ^ a b Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010 (PDF ed.). Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia: Moonlight Publishing. p. 132.
  78. ^ "Jaaroverzichten 1993". Hung Medien. Ultratop. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
  79. ^ "Canadian RPM Top 100 Hit Tracks". RPM. December 18, 1993. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved September 24, 2010 – via Library and Archives Canada.
  80. ^ "The RPM Top 100 Adult Contemporary Tracks of 1993". RPM. Vol. 58, no. 23. December 18, 1993. ISSN 0315-5994. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2011 – via Library and Archives Canada.
  81. ^ "Canada Top 50 Dance Tracks of 1993". RPM. July 17, 2013. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
  82. ^ "1993 Year-End Sales Charts: Eurochart Hot 100 Singles" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 51/52. December 18, 1993. p. 15. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  83. ^ "1993 Year-End Airplay Charts: European Dance Radio" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 51/52. December 18, 1993. p. 18. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
  84. ^ "Top 100 Singles – Jahrescharts 1993" (in German). GfK Entertainment. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  85. ^ "Árslistinn 1993". Dagblaðið Vísir (in Icelandic). January 4, 1994. p. 17. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  86. ^ "Single Top 100 over 1993" (PDF). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
  87. ^ "Dutchcharts.nl - Jaaroverzichten - Single 1993" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  88. ^ "Årstopplistan 1993, Singlar" (in Swedish). Grammotex. Archived from the original on February 16, 2001. Retrieved April 7, 2025.
  89. ^ "Top 100 Singles 1993". Music Week. January 15, 1994. p. 24.
  90. ^ "Airplay Top 50 1993" (PDF). Music Week. January 15, 1994. p. 41. Retrieved May 3, 2024.
  91. ^ "The RM Club Chart 93" (PDF). Music Week, in Record Mirror (Dance Update Supplemental insert). December 25, 1993. p. 4. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  92. ^ "The Year in Music: 1993" (PDF). Billboard. December 25, 1993. pp. YE-20. Retrieved August 5, 2020 – via World Radio History.
  93. ^ "The Year in Music: 1993" (PDF). Billboard. December 25, 1993. pp. YE-52. Retrieved August 5, 2020 – via World Radio History.
  94. ^ "The Year in Music: 1993" (PDF). Billboard. December 25, 1993. pp. YE-29. Retrieved August 5, 2020 – via World Radio History.
  95. ^ "The Year in Music: 1993" (PDF). Billboard. December 25, 1993. pp. YE-53. Retrieved March 31, 2025 – via World Radio History.
  96. ^ "Awards: Top 50 Pop Singles" (PDF). Cash Box. Vol. LVII, no. 19. December 31, 1993. p. 14. Retrieved June 4, 2025.
  97. ^ "British single certifications – Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  98. ^ "American single certifications – Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  99. ^ "Whitney Houston: I'm Every Woman". click2music.se (in Swedish). Archived from the original on January 10, 2003. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
  100. ^ "New Releases: Singles". Music Week. February 6, 1993. p. 27.
  101. ^ "New Release Summary – Product Available from : 14/02/93: Singles". The ARIA Report. No. 158. February 14, 1993. p. 19.
  102. ^ "New Release Summary – Product Available from : 07/03/93: Singles". The ARIA Report. No. 161. March 7, 1993. p. 23.
  103. ^ "アイム・エブリー・ウーマン | ホイットニー・ヒューストン" [I'm Every Woman | Whitney Houston] (in Japanese). Oricon. Retrieved September 1, 2023.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Walden, Narada Michael (2012). Whitney Houston: The Voice, The Music, The Inspiration. Insight Editions. ISBN 978-1-608-87200-8.