Hearing Voices Movement

  1. Home
  2. Wiki

The Hearing Voices Movement (HVM) is an international grassroots initiative composed of individuals and organizations who promote the hearing voices approach—a framework for understanding the experience of hearing voices.[1] While mainstream psychiatry typically refers to such experiences as auditory verbal hallucinations, the movement uses the term hearing voices, which it argues is more accurate and respectful.

The movement originated in the Netherlands in the late 1980s through the collaboration between voice-hearer Patsy Hage, psychiatrist Marius Romme and researcher Sandra Escher.[2][3]

HVM regards hearing voices as a meaningful, though sometimes distressing, human experience that can be explored and understood.[4][5] It supports the creation of hearing voices groups, peer-led spaces where individuals can share and make sense of their experiences.

Rather than treating voice-hearing as a symptom of mental illness,[6][7] HVM emphasizes approaches grounded in human rights, social justice, diversity and collective empowerment.[8] It challenges the dominance of the medical model in psychiatry and questions the validity of diagnostic categories such as schizophrenia.[9]

History

[edit]

The Hearing Voices Movement originated in the Netherlands in the late 1980s through the collaboration of voice-hearer Patsy Hage, psychiatrist Marius Romme, and researcher Sandra Escher.[2][3][10] HVM was formally established in 1987 with the founding of the first national Hearing Voices Network in the Netherlands, Stichting Weerklank, following a meeting organized by Escher and Romme. In 1988, a group was formed in Manchester by voice-hearer Louise Pembroke and community worker Paul Baker.[11] After receiving media attention in 1990, this developed into a national UK network.[12]

Following this, more national networks were formed, including in Austria (1992), Finland and Japan (1996), Germany (1998), Palestine (2001), USA (2010), and Uganda (2012).[12][13] In 1997, the organisation Intervoice was established to support and connect hearing voices networks and initiatives worldwide.[14][15] In 2009, the first World Hearing Voices Congress was held in Maastricht, Netherlands.[16]

The Melbourne Hearing Voices Declaration was launched at the World Hearing Voices Congress in 2013. It promotes the hearing voices approach as a rights-based alternative within mental health care.[17] This was followed by the Thessaloniki Declaration in 2014.[18]

Tenets

[edit]

At its core, the Hearing Voices Movement proposes that hearing voices is a meaningful human experience.[19] Rather than seeking to eliminate voices, the movement emphasizes the importance of allowing individuals to make sense of their voices on their own terms.

HVM uses hearing voices as an umbrella term that also includes seeing visions and other sensory experiences such as touch, taste, and smell.[20] The movement views these experiences as an aspect of human difference, rather than a mental health problem.

The principles of the movement closely align with the recovery model, emphasizing empowerment and human rights, and promoting holistic approaches to address problematic and overwhelming voices.

Since many people live successfully with their voices, voices themselves are not viewed as the problem.[21] Instead, the relationship between a person and their voices is considered a central issue.[22][23] Research has found that people who hear voices can be helped using methods such as mindfulness-based interventions,[24][25][26] voice dialoguing[27] cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)[28] and self-help methods.[29] HVM offers guidance to mental health practitioners to assist people who hear voices and may feel overwhelmed by the experience.[30][31][32][33][34]

HVM takes a critical stance toward the medical model of disability and expresses concern about an exclusive reliance on medication as treatment.[35] They highlight that service users are sometimes discouraged from talking about their voices as these are seen solely as symptoms of psychiatric illness.[36][37][38][39][40] Historical and anthropological critiques are referenced to illustrate how experiences like voice-hearing have been culturally devalued. In Voices of Reason, Voices of Insanity, Leudar and Thomas review nearly 3,000 years of voice-hearing history.[41] They argue that the western world has moved the experience of hearing voices from a socially valued context to a pathologised and denigrated one. Foucault has argued that this process can arise when a minority perspective is at odds with dominant social norms and beliefs.[42]

The position of the hearing voices movement can be summarised as:[21][43]

  • Hearing voices is not in itself a sign of mental illness.
  • Hearing voices is part of the diversity of being a human, it is a faculty that is common (3-10% of the population will hear a voice or voices in their lifetime) and significant.
  • Hearing voices is experienced by many people who do not have symptoms that would lead to diagnosis of mental illness.
  • If hearing voices causes distress, the person who hears the voices can learn strategies to cope with the experience.
  • Coping is often achieved by confronting past problems that lie behind the experience.

Theoretical overview

[edit]

The work of Marius Romme, Sandra Escher and other researchers provides a theoretical framework for the movement.[6][8][44][45][46][47] They find that:

  1. Not everyone who hears voices becomes a patient. Over a third of 400 voice hearers in the Netherlands they studied had not had any contact with psychiatric services. These people either described themselves as being able to cope with their voices and/or described their voices as life enhancing.
  2. Demographic (epidemiological) research provides evidence that there are people who hear voices in the general population (2%-6%) who are not necessarily troubled by them.[48][49][50][51] Only a small minority fulfill the criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis and, of those, only a few seek psychiatric aid[52] indicating that hearing voices in itself is not necessarily a symptom of an illness.[53] Even more (about 8%) have peculiar delusions and do so without being ill.
  3. People who cope well with their voices and those who did not, show clear differences in terms of the nature of the relationship they had with their voices.[54]
  4. People who live well with their voice experience use different strategies to manage their voices than those voice hearers who are overwhelmed by them.[21][55]
  5. 70% of voice hearers reported that their voices had begun after a severe traumatic or intensely emotional event[44][56][57][58][59][60] such as an accident, divorce or bereavement, sexual or physical abuse, love affairs, or pregnancy.[61] Romme and colleagues found that the onset of voice hearing amongst a patient group was often preceded by either a traumatic event or an event that activated the memory of an earlier trauma.[59][62]
  6. Specifically, there is a high correlation between voice hearing and abuse.[63] These findings are being substantiated further in on-going studies with voice hearing amongst children.[47][60]
  7. Some people who hear voices have a deep need to construct a personal understanding for their experiences and to talk to others about it without being designated as mad.[64]

Intervoice

[edit]

Intervoice (The International Network for Training, Education and Research into Hearing Voices) is an international organization that coordinates and supports initiatives within the global Hearing Voices Movement. It supports and connects "experts by experience" (voice hearers) and "experts by profession" (mental health workers, academics, activists).[15]

Intervoice was founded in 1997 during a meeting in Maastricht, Netherlands. In 2007, it was incorporated under UK law as a non-profit organisation and charity, operating under the name International Hearing Voices Projects Ltd.[15] Its governing body includes both voice hearers and mental health practitioners.[65]

Activities

[edit]

Hearing voices groups

[edit]

Hearing voices groups are based on an ethos of self-help, mutual respect and empathy. They provide a safe space for people to share their experiences and to support one another. They are peer support groups, involving social support and belonging, not necessarily therapy or treatment. Groups offer an opportunity for people to accept and live with their experiences in a way that helps them regain some power over their lives. There are hundreds of hearing voices groups and networks across the world.[66][non-primary source needed] In 2014 there were more than 180 groups in the UK. These include groups for young people, people in prison, women and people from Black and Minority Ethnic communities.[67][68][69][70][25][71]

World Hearing Voices Congress

[edit]

Intervoice hosts the annual World Hearing Voices Congress. In 2015 the 7th Congress was held in Madrid, Spain, the 2016 Congress will be held in Paris, France. Previous conferences have been held in Maastricht, Netherlands, (2009); Nottingham, England (2010), Savona, Italy (2011), Cardiff, Wales (2012); Melbourne, Australia (2013); Thessaloniki, Greece (2014); Madrid, Spain (2015).

Annual World Hearing Voices Day

[edit]

This is held on 14 September and celebrates hearing voices as part of the diversity of human experience, It seeks to increase awareness of the fact that you can hear voices and be healthy. It also challenges the negative attitudes towards people who hear voices and the assumption that hearing voices, in itself, is a sign of mental illness.

Research

[edit]

Intervoice has an international research committee, that commissions research, encourages and supports exchanges and visits between member countries, the translation and publication of books and other literature on the subject of hearing voices and other related extraordinary experiences.[72]

Relationship to psychiatry

[edit]

HVMs relationship with psychiatry is characterized by both critique and collaboration. While some clinicians see HVM as a valuable complement to traditional psychiatry, and certain services adopting HVM-inspired methods—such as the Maastricht Interview and voice dialogue techniques—there remain points of contention.[73][74][75]

In some psychiatric settings, hearing voices groups are implemented as part of care, facilitated by peers and mental health professionals.[76][77]

HVM promotes the idea that hearing voices can be a meaningful experience,[15][75] which some critics feel might invalidate suffering, and could lead individuals to avoid treatment.[78] In response, HVM supporters have argued that they do not deny the challenges and distress experienced by some voice-hearers, but rather emphasize that learning to understand and relate to one's voices can be a valuable tool for people in crisis.[79][80]

Some critics argue that HVM downplay the role of medications such as antipsychotics, potentially neglecting those needing more structured clinical support.[81][82] In response, HVM refers to research showing its approach can help in severe crises,[83][84] as suppressing voices using medication and other interventions is not always effective.[85][86] Supporters maintain that the movement does not oppose medication, but emphasizes the importance of informed choice and supporting individuals in "using many different means that are helpful to them in dealing with their voices."[87] This can include medical care.[86]

In a 2017 article in the Psychiatric Times, Professor of Psychiatry Ronald Pies cautions against "simplistic theories on both sides of the ideological divide".[88]

A 2021 survey found a majority of NHS professionals positive about hearing voices groups, but many expressed uncertainty about the evidence.[89] HVM largely focuses on social support rather than clinical outcomes, making standard evaluation methods difficult—but proponents have highlighted that qualitative reports support the value of the approach.[78][86]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ McCarthy-Jones, Simon (2012). "The struggle for meanings". In McCarthy-Jones, Simon (ed.). Hearing voices: the histories, causes, and meanings of auditory verbal hallucinations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 346–54. ISBN 978-1-139-01753-4.
  2. ^ a b "The voice in your head". New Statesman. 24 March 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Patsy Hague: co-founder". intervoiceonline.org. The International Hearing Voices Network. 2014. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  4. ^ Hayward, Mark; May, Rufus (1 June 2007). "Daring to talk back: Is the experience of hearing voices ordinary or extraordinary?". Mental Health Practice. 10 (9): 12–15. doi:10.7748/mhp2007.06.10.9.12.c4308.
  5. ^ Woods, Angela; Romme, Marius A.J.; McCarthy-Jones, Simon; Escher, Sandra D.; Dillon, Jacqui (October 2013). "Editorial: special edition: voices in a positive light". Psychosis: Psychological, Social and Integrative Approaches. 5 (3): 213–215. doi:10.1080/17522439.2013.843021. S2CID 144014190.
  6. ^ a b Honig, Adriaan; Romme, Marius A.J.; Ensink, Bernadine J.; Escher, Sandra D.; Pennings, Monique H.A.; deVries, Marten W. (October 1998). "Auditory hallucinations: a comparison between patients and nonpatients". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 186 (10): 646–651. doi:10.1097/00005053-199810000-00009. PMID 9788642.
  7. ^ Johnstone, Lucy (2011). "Voice hearers are people with problems, not patients with illnesses". In Romme, Marius A.J.; Escher, Sandra D. (eds.). Psychosis as a personal crisis: an experience based approach. Hove, East Sussex New York, New York: Routledge for The International Society for the Psychological Treatments of the Schizophrenias and other pychoses (ISPS). pp. 27–36. ISBN 978-0-415-67330-3.
  8. ^ a b Romme, Marius A.J.; Honig, Adriaan; Noorthoorn, Eric O.; Escher, Alexandre Dorothée (July 1992). "Coping with hearing voices: an emancipatory approach". British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 161 (1): 99–103. doi:10.1192/bjp.161.1.99. PMID 1638338. S2CID 24144548.
  9. ^ Romme, Marius A.J.; Morris, Mervyn (2007). "The harmful concept of Schizophrenia: outline for a more helpful and cause related alternative". Mental Health Nursing: The Journal of the Community Psychiatric Nurses Association. 27 (2): 8–12.
  10. ^ Escher S. Romme M. The Hearing Voices Movement, Chapter 28 page 385 in "Hallucinations" by Jan Dirk Blom and Iris E.C. Sommer, Editors Springer, New York; Dordrecht; Heidelberg; London (2012).
  11. ^ Adam James (201) Raising Our Voices: An Account of the Hearing Voices Movement, Handsell Publishing (2001)
  12. ^ a b "Hearing Voices Groups". Understanding Voices. Retrieved 4 August 2025.
  13. ^ "Intervoice Networks and Groups". Google My Maps. Retrieved 4 August 2025.
  14. ^ "Our History – Intervoice". 3 March 2025. Retrieved 4 August 2025.
  15. ^ a b c d Corstens, Dirk (2016). "Recovery, Discovery and Revolution: The Work of Intervoice and the Hearing Voices Movement". Academia. Retrieved 4 August 2025.
  16. ^ "2009 Congress: Maastricht – Intervoice". 3 March 2025. Retrieved 4 August 2025.
  17. ^ "The Melbourne Hearing Voices Declaration" (PDF). The World Hearing Voices Congress 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
  18. ^ "6th World Hearing Voices Congress: Declaration" (PDF). Hearing Voices Network Cymru (Wales). October 2014. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015.
  19. ^ Corstens, Dick; Hayward, Eleanor; McCarthy-Jones, Simon; Waddingham, Rachel; Thomas, Neil (July 2014). "Emerging perspectives from the Hearing Voices Movement: implications for research and practice". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 40 (s4): S285 – S294. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu007. PMC 4141309. PMID 24936088.
  20. ^ "HVN Intro Booklet" (PDF). National Hearing Voices Network. 25 August 2025.
  21. ^ a b c Romme, Marius A.J.; Escher, Sandra D.; Dillon, Jacqui; Corstens, Dirk; Morris, Mervyn (2009). Living with voices: 50 stories of recovery. Herefordshire: PCCS Books in association with Birmingham City University. ISBN 978-1-906254-22-3.
  22. ^ Romme, Marius A.J.; Morris, Mervyn (October 2013). "The recovery process with hearing voices: accepting as well as exploring their emotional background through a supported process". Psychosis: Psychological, Social and Integrative Approaches. 5 (3): 259–269. doi:10.1080/17522439.2013.830641. S2CID 144639561.
  23. ^ Romme, Marius A.J. (2011). "Accepting and making sense of voices: a recovery-focused therapy plan". In Romme, Marius A.J.; Escher, Sandra D. (eds.). Psychosis as a personal crisis: an experience based approach. Hove, East Sussex New York, New York: Routledge for The International Society for the Psychological Treatments of the Schizophrenias and other pychoses (ISPS). pp. 153–165. ISBN 978-0-415-67330-3.
  24. ^ Strauss, Clara; Thomas, Neil; Hayward, Mark (14 August 2015). "Can we respond mindfully to distressing voices? A systematic review of evidence for engagement, acceptability, effectiveness and mechanisms of change for mindfulness-based interventions for people distressed by hearing voices". Frontiers in Psychology. 6 (1154): 1154. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01154. PMC 4536375. PMID 26321980.
  25. ^ a b Chadwick, Paul; Hughes, Stephanie; Russell, Daphne; Russell, Ian; Dagnan, Dave (July 2009). "Mindfulness groups for distressing voices and paranoia: a replication and randomized feasibility trial" (PDF). Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 37 (4): 403–412. doi:10.1017/S1352465809990166. PMID 19545481.
  26. ^ Thomas, Neil; Hayward, Mark; Peters, Emmanuelle; van der Gaag, Mark; Bentall, Richard P.; Jenner, Jack; Strauss, Clara; Sommer, Iris E.; Johns, Louise C.; Varese, Filippo; García-Montes, José Manuel; Waters, Flavie; Dodgson, Guy; McCarthy-Jones, Simon (July 2014). "Psychological therapies for auditory hallucinations (voices): current status and key directions for future research" (PDF). Schizophrenia Bulletin. 40 (s4): S202 – S212. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu037. PMC 4141318. PMID 24936081.
  27. ^ Corstens, Dirk; Longden, Eleanor; May, Rufus (2012). "Talking with voices: Exploring what is expressed by the voices people hear". Psychosis. 4 (2): 95–104. doi:10.1080/17522439.2011.571705. S2CID 145640302.
  28. ^ McLeod, T; Morris, M; Birchwood, M; Dovey, A (2007). "Cognitive behavioural therapy group work with voice hearers. Part 2". Br J Nurs. 16 (5): 292–5. doi:10.12968/bjon.2007.16.5.23005. PMID 17505376.
  29. ^ Ruddle, A; Mason, O; Wykes, T (July 2011). "A review of hearing voices groups: evidence and mechanisms of change". Clin Psychol Rev. 31 (5): 757–66. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.03.010. PMID 21510914.
  30. ^ Escher, Sandra (2011). "Useful instruments for exploring hearing voices and paranoia". In Romme, Marius A.J.; Escher, Sandra D. (eds.). Psychosis as a personal crisis: an experience based approach. Hove, East Sussex New York, New York: Routledge for The International Society for the Psychological Treatments of the Schizophrenias and other pychoses (ISPS). pp. 45–58. ISBN 978-0-415-67330-3.
  31. ^ Beavan, Vanessa; Read, John (March 2010). "Hearing voices and listening to what they say: the importance of voice content in understanding and working with distressing voices". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 198 (3): 201–205. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181d14612. PMID 20215997. S2CID 966759.
  32. ^ Corstens, Dirk; Escher, Sandra D.; Romme, Marius A.J. (2008). "Accepting and working with voices : the Maastricht approach". In Moskowitz, Andrew; Schäfer, Ingo; Dorahy, Martin J. (eds.). Psychosis, trauma and dissociation: emerging perspectives on severe psychopathology. Chichester, UK Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 319–332. ISBN 978-0-470-69965-2.
  33. ^ Romme, Marius A.J.; Escher, Sandra D. (2011). "Managing distressing voice hearing experiences". In Copeland, Mary Ellen (ed.). Wellness recovery action plan (WRAP). West Dummerston, Vermont: Peach Press. pp. 114–118. ISBN 978-0-9795560-9-8.
  34. ^ Romme, Marius A.J.; Escher, Sandra D. (2000). Making sense of voices: the mental health professional's guide to working with voice-hearers. London: Mind Publications. ISBN 978-1-874690-86-3.
  35. ^ Honig, Adriaan (1992). "Medication and hearing voices". In Romme, Marius A.J.; Escher, Sandra D. (eds.). Accepting voices. London: Mind Publications. pp. 235–243. ISBN 978-1-874690-13-9.
  36. ^ Martin, P. J. (2000). "Hearing voices and listening to those that hear them". Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 7 (2): 135–141. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2850.2000.00276.x. PMID 11146909.
  37. ^ Heard but not seen (1990). Romme, M.A.J. & Escher, A.D.M.A.C. Open Mind No 49, 16-18
  38. ^ 'You don't talk about the voices': voice hearers and community mental health nurses talk about responding to voice hearing experiences. Coffey M, Hewitt J. J Clin Nurs. 2008 Jun;17(12):1591-600.
  39. ^ Jones M, Coffey M. Voice hearing: a secondary analysis of talk by people who hear voices. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2012 Feb;21(1):50-9.
  40. ^ England M. Accuracy of nurses' perceptions of voice hearing and psychiatric symptoms. J Adv Nurs. 2007 Apr;58(2):130-9.
  41. ^ The anatomy of hallucinations. Johnson, Fred H. Oxford, England: Nelson-Hall. (1978). xvi 239 pp.
  42. ^ M. Foucault, Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason trans. by R. Howard, (London: Tavistock, 1965) - abridged; History of Madness ed. Jean Khalfa, trans. Jonathan Murphy and Jean Khalfa, (London: Routledge, 2006)
  43. ^ Romme, Marius A.J.; Escher, Sandra D. (1992). Accepting voices. London: Mind Publications. ISBN 978-1-874690-13-9.
  44. ^ a b Romme, Marius A.J.; Escher, Alexandre D.M.A.C. (1989). "Hearing voices". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 15 (2): 209–216. doi:10.1093/schbul/15.2.209. PMID 2749184.
  45. ^ Romme, Marius A.J.; Escher, Sandra; Buiks, Alex; Delespaul, Philippe; van Os, Jim (8 December 2002). "Formation of delusional ideation in adolescents hearing voices: a prospective study". American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A. 114 (8): 913–920. doi:10.1002/ajmg.10203. PMID 12457385.
  46. ^ Escher, Sandra; Romme, Marius A.J.; Buiks, Alex; Delespaul, Philippe (September 2002). "Independent course of childhood auditory hallucinations: a sequential 3-year follow-up study". British Journal of Psychiatry. 181 (43): s10 – s18. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.558.9204. doi:10.1192/bjp.181.43.s10. PMID 12271794. S2CID 19836285.
  47. ^ a b Escher, Sandra; Morris, Mervyn; Buiks, Alex; Delespaul, Philippe; van Os, Jim; Romme, Marius A.J. (July 2004). "Determinants of outcome in the pathways through care for children hearing voices". International Journal of Social Welfare. 13 (3): 208–222. doi:10.1111/j.1369-6866.2004.00315.x.
  48. ^ Tien, Allen Y. (November 1991). "Distributions of hallucinations in the population". Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 26 (6): 287–292. doi:10.1007/BF00789221. PMID 1792560. S2CID 28848635.
  49. ^ Eaton, William W.; Romanoski, Alan; Anthony, James C.; Nestadt, Gerald James (1991). "Screening for psychosis in the general population with a self-report interview". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 179 (11): 689–693. doi:10.1097/00005053-199111000-00007. PMID 1940893. S2CID 10352259.
  50. ^ Lawrence, Catherine; Jones, Jason; Cooper, Myra (July 2009). "Hearing voices in a non-psychiatric population" (PDF). Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 38 (3): 363–373. doi:10.1017/S1352465810000172. PMID 20441666. S2CID 5710276.
  51. ^ Beavan, V.; Read, J.; Cartwright, C. (2011). "The prevalence of voice-hearers in the general population: A literature review". Journal of Mental Health. 20 (3): 281–292. doi:10.3109/09638237.2011.562262. PMID 21574793. S2CID 207498701.
  52. ^ Bijl, R.V.; Ravelli, A.; Van Zessen, G. (1998). "Prevalence of psychotic disorder in the general population: results from the Netherlands mental health survey and incidence study". Social Psychiatry & Epidemiology. 33 (12): 587–596. doi:10.1007/s001270050098. PMID 9857791. S2CID 20747856.
  53. ^ Jardri, Thomas, Cachia & Pins|title=The Neuroscience of hallucinations|year=2013
  54. ^ Sorrell E, Hayward M, Meddings, Interpersonal processes and hearing voices: a study of the association between relating to voices and distress in clinical and non-clinical hearers. S. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2010 Mar;38(2)
  55. ^ The accepting and making sense of hearing voices approach. (2006) Romme Marius and Escher Sandra
  56. ^ Longden, Eleanor; Madill, Anna; Waterman, Mitch G. (November 2011). "Dissociation, trauma, and the role of lived experience: toward a new conceptualization of voice hearing". Psychological Bulletin. 138 (1): 28–76. doi:10.1037/a0025995. PMID 22082488. S2CID 1485967.
  57. ^ Moskowitz, Andrew; Corstens, Dirk (January 2008). "Auditory hallucinations: psychotic symptom or dissociative experience?". Journal of Psychological Trauma. 6 (2–3): 35–63. doi:10.1300/J513v06n02_04. S2CID 145290175.
  58. ^ Romme, Marius AJ, and Sandra DM Escher. "Trauma and hearing voices." Trauma and psychosis: New directions for theory and therapy (2006): 162-191.
  59. ^ a b Read, J.; Ross, C.A. (2003). "Psychological trauma and psychosis: another reason why people diagnosed schizophrenic must be offered psychological therapies". Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry. 31 (1): 247–268. doi:10.1521/jaap.31.1.247.21938. PMID 12722898.
  60. ^ a b Read, John; van Os, Jim; Morrison, Anthony P.; Ross, Colin A. (November 2005). "Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia: a literature review with theoretical and clinical implications". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 112 (5): 330–350. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00634.x. PMID 16223421. S2CID 5324960.
  61. ^ Personal links between trauma, distorted emotions and hearing voices (2011) Romme Marius, Psychosis as a personal crisis: an experienced based approach Romme and Escher eds. Routledge
  62. ^ Personal history and Hearing voices (2010) Romme Marius and Escher Sandra, Hallucinations: A quide to treatment and management. Frank Leroi and Andre Aleman (eds) Oxford University press Oxford
  63. ^ Andrew, EM; Gray, NS; Snowden, RJ (October 2008). "The relationship between trauma and beliefs about hearing voices: a study of psychiatric and non-psychiatric voice hearers" (PDF). Psychol Med. 38 (10): 1409–17. doi:10.1017/s003329170700253x. PMID 18177529. S2CID 6181173.
  64. ^ Cockshutt, Graham (2004). "Choices for voices: A voice hearer's perspective on hearing voices". Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. 9 (1–2): 9–11. doi:10.1080/13546800344000129. PMID 16571571. S2CID 26261613.
  65. ^ "Meet The Board". intervoiceonline.org. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  66. ^ "World Map of Hearing Voices Groups and Networks". Hearing Voices Network Cymru (Wales). Archived from the original on 1 October 2013.
  67. ^ Meddings, Sara; et al. (2004), Are hearing voices groups effective? A preliminary evaluation (Unpublished manuscript), Sussex, UK: Unpublished, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.653.794
  68. ^ Anna Ruddlea, Oliver Mason, Til Wykes, A review of hearing voices groups: Evidence and mechanisms of change, Clinical Psychology Review Volume 31, Issue 5, July 2011, Pages 757–766, 2011)
  69. ^ Dillon, Jacqui; Longden, Eleanor (2011). "Hearing voices groups: creating safe spaces to share taboo experiences". In Romme, Marius A.J.; Escher, Sandra D. (eds.). Psychosis as a personal crisis: an experience based approach. Hove, East Sussex New York, New York: Routledge for The International Society for the Psychological Treatments of the Schizophrenias and other pychoses (ISPS). pp. 129–139. ISBN 978-0-415-67330-3.
  70. ^ Chadwick, Paul; et al. (2000). "Challenging the omnipotence of voices: group cognitive behavior therapy for voices". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 38 (10): 993–1003. doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00126-6. PMID 11004738.
  71. ^ Snelling, Emma (2005). "Hungry researchers: The tensions and dilemmas of developing an emancipatory research project with members of a hearing voices group". Journal of Social Work Practice. 19 (2): 131–147. doi:10.1080/02650530500144584. S2CID 145752558.
  72. ^ "International Research Committee". Intervoice. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  73. ^ "Maastricht Approach". Dirk Corstens Praktijk Psychiatrie - Hearing Voices Maastricht. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
  74. ^ "Voice hearers' experiences of the Making Sense of Voices approach in an NHS setting". ResearchGate. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
  75. ^ a b Khan, Fauzia (27 September 2021). "'These ideas have enabled people to be more accepting and open about voice-hearing experiences'". The British Psychological Society. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
  76. ^ McEwan McManus, John; Gkika, Styliani; Swift, Elaine (7 November 2023). "Facilitating a hearing voices group on acute and psychiatric intensive care units to promote acceptance and hope: preliminary learning and reflections". Mental Health and Social Inclusion. 28 (5): 821–829. doi:10.1108/MHSI-09-2023-0099. ISSN 2042-8308.
  77. ^ Branitsky, Alison; Bowe, Samantha; Morrison, Anthony P.; Longden, Eleanor; Bucci, Sandra; Mulligan, Lee D.; Varese, Filippo (2025). "Online Hearing Voices Peer Support Groups: Assessing Feasibility and Acceptability Within UK National Health Service Settings". Schizophrenia Bulletin Open. 6 (1) sgaf002. doi:10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaf002. ISSN 2632-7899. PMC 11926672. PMID 40123714.
  78. ^ a b Shapiro, Samantha M. (16 January 2017). "The Radical Movement Redefining Schizophrenia". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
  79. ^ Ruddle, A.; Livingstone, S.; Huddy, V.; Johns, L.; Stahl, D.; Wykes, T. (2014). "A case series exploring possible predictors and mechanisms of change in hearing voices groups". Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 87 (1): 60–79. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.2012.02074.x. ISSN 2044-8341. PMID 24497397.
  80. ^ Longden, Eleanor; Corstens, Dirk; Escher, Sandra; Romme, Marius (2012). "Voice hearing in a biographical context: A model for formulating the relationship between voices and life history". Psychosis. 4 (3): 224–234. doi:10.1080/17522439.2011.596566. ISSN 1752-2439.
  81. ^ "Reconciling Recovery and Psychiatry: Response to Open Letter". Psychology Today. 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
  82. ^ "Are "Hearing Voices Groups" a Help or Harm?". Psychology Today. 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
  83. ^ "Intervoice sends an open letter to Prof. Allen Frances". Intervoice. 14 September 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
  84. ^ Ruddle, A.; Livingstone, S.; Huddy, V.; Johns, L.; Stahl, D.; Wykes, T. (2014). "A case series exploring possible predictors and mechanisms of change in hearing voices groups". Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 87 (1): 60–79. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.2012.02074.x. ISSN 2044-8341. PMID 24497397.
  85. ^ Lee Adams, William (21 February 2008). "The Listening Cure". Time Magazine. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
  86. ^ a b c "Open Letter to Huffington Post". Hearing Voices NYC. 31 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
  87. ^ Styron, Thomas; Utter, Lauren; Davidson, Larry (1 December 2017). "The hearing voices network: initial lessons and future directions for mental health professionals and Systems of Care". Psychiatric Quarterly. 88 (4): 769–785. doi:10.1007/s11126-017-9491-1. ISSN 1573-6709. PMID 28150090.
  88. ^ Ronald W. Pies, M. D. (4 September 2017). "Hearing Voices and Psychiatry's (Real) Medical Model". Psychiatric Times. Vol 34 No 9. 34.
  89. ^ Jones, Bradley; Jacobsen, Pamela (3 April 2022). "Mental health professionals' attitudes and knowledge about hearing voices groups". Psychosis. 14 (2): 153–161. doi:10.1080/17522439.2021.1936142. ISSN 1752-2439.

Further reading

[edit]

Bibliography

[edit]
Also published by Rijksuniversiteit Maastricht in the Netherlands.
  • Romme, Marius A.J.; Escher, Sandra D. (1992). Accepting voices. London: Mind Publications. ISBN 978-1-874690-13-9.
  • Watkins, John (2008) [1998]. Hearing voices: a common human experience. Melbourne, Victoria: Michelle Anderson Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85572-390-3.

Voice Hearing and Life Events

Working With Voices

Hearing Voices Groups

  • Dillon, Jacqui; Hornstein, Gail A. (October 2013). "Hearing voices peer support groups: a powerful alternative for people in distress". Psychosis: Psychological, Social and Integrative Approaches. 5 (3): 286–295. doi:10.1080/17522439.2013.843020. S2CID 143027320.
  • Dillon, Jacqui; Longden, Eleanor (2011). "Hearing voices groups: creating safe spaces to share taboo experiences". In Romme, Marius A.J.; Escher, Sandra D. (eds.). Psychosis as a personal crisis: an experience based approach. Hove, East Sussex New York, New York: Routledge for The International Society for the Psychological Treatments of the Schizophrenias and other pychoses (ISPS). pp. 129–139. ISBN 978-0-415-67330-3.
  • May, Rufus; Longden, Eleanor (2010). "Self-help approaches to hearing voices". In Larøi, Frank; Aleman, André (eds.). Hallucinations: a guide to treatment and management. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-954859-0.
[edit]