Halodule pinifolia

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Halodule pinifolia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Alismatales
Family: Cymodoceaceae
Genus: Halodule
Species:
H. pinifolia
Binomial name
Halodule pinifolia
(Miki) Hartog

Halodule pinifolia is a species of seagrass in the genus Halodule. It is found in shallow sea waters in the western Pacific ocean.[2]

Distribution and habitat

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Halodule pinifolia is a common seagrass in Asian tropical coasts. It forms homogenous patches in intertidal zones, or it is occasionally intermixed with other seagrasses such as Halodule uninervis.[3] Halodule pinifolia grows in sandy or muddy sand substrates from upper littoral to subtidal areas. It is ephemeral with rapid turn-over and high seed set and is well adapted to high levels of disturbance. This species is can grow rapidly and is a fast coloniser, often heavily epiphytised.[citation needed]

Halodule pinifolia has been studied at Laucala Bay on the island of Viti Levu, Fiji.[4]

Description

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Compared with the closely related Halodule uninervis, Halodule pinifolia has a narrower blade size (1 mm versus 4 mm).[3] Its fine, delicate leaves are up to 20 cm long, with one black central vein that splits into two at the rounded leaf tip. It usually has a pale rhizome, with clean black leaf scars.[citation needed]

In Fiji, Halodule pinifolia was observed to undergo hydrophilous pollination, in which pollen disperses directly on the water surface. Prior to dehiscence[4] during low spring tides, the long filaments bearing the anthers become erect[5] above the mass of filiform leaves. Once exposed to air, the 32 mm long filaments burst, releasing a cotton-like mass of filiform pollen which assemble into floating rafts on the water surface.[5][4] Halodule pinifolia was found to be strictly dioecious.[4]

Ecology

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This species is known to be hybridized to Halodule uninervis in Okinawa, Japan.[2]

References

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  1. ^ Short, F.T., Williams, S.L., Carruthers, T.J.R., Waycott, M., Kendrick, G.A., Fourqurean, J.W., Callabine, A., Kenworthy, W.J. & Dennison, W.C. (2010). "Halodule pinifolia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T173327A6991467. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T173327A6991467.en. Retrieved 18 January 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b Ito, Y., and Nr. Tanaka (2011) Hybridisation in a tropical seagrass genus, Halodule (Cymodoceaceae), inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA phylogenies Archived 2013-08-25 at archive.today. Telopea 13: 219-231.
  3. ^ a b Skelton, Posa A.; South, G. Robin (June 2006). "Seagrass biodiversity of the Fiji and Samoa islands, South Pacific". New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 40 (2): 345–356. doi:10.1080/00288330.2006.9517426. ISSN 0028-8330.
  4. ^ a b c d Cox, Paul Alan; Knox, R. Bruce (1989). "Two-Dimensional Pollination in Hydrophilous Plants: Convergent Evolution in the Genera Halodule (cymodoceaceae), Halophila (hydrocharitaceae), Ruppia (ruppiaceae), and Lepilaena (zannichelliaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 76 (2): 164–175. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1989.tb11299.x. ISSN 1537-2197.
  5. ^ a b Cox, Paul Alan (1988-11-01). "HYDROPHILOUS POLLINATION". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 19: 261–279. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.19.110188.001401. ISSN 1543-592X.
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  • Media related to Halodule pinifolia at Wikimedia Commons


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