Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah
| Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah | |
|---|---|
| Ghiyāth ad-Dunyā wa ad-Dīn Abū al-Muẓaffar | |
| 21st Sultan of Bengal | |
| Reign | 1533–6 April 1538 |
| Predecessor | Alauddin Firuz Shah II |
| Successor | Bengal conquered by Sher Shah Suri (Muhammad Khan Sur as Sultan) |
| Died | April 1538 |
| Issue | Syeda Momena Khatun Two sons (killed by Sher Shah Suri) Wife of Khidr Khan Surak |
| Father | Alauddin Husain Shah |
| Religion | Islam |
Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah (Bengali: গিয়াসউদ্দীন মাহমুদ শাহ, Persian: غیاث الدین محمود شاه) was the last Sultan of the Hussain Shahi dynasty of the Bengal Sultanate, reigning from 1533 to 1538 CE. The dynasty was founded by his father, Alauddin Husain Shah, in 1494.[1]
History
[edit]Born as Abul Badr, one of the eighteen sons of Alauddin Hussain Shah, the prince was heir apparent during the first half of the reign of his older brother Nasrat Shah but was superceded by his nephew Alauddin Firuz Shah II sometime before 1532. However, upon his nephew's ascension he assassinated his nephew and usurped the throne.[2]
Banglapedia assesses him as a "weak, pleasure loving and easy-going ruler" who "...had neither diplomatic foresight, nor any practical approach to the political problems which beset Bengal during his reign."[1] His reign was marked by rebellions, including those by Khuda Bakhsh Khan, his general and governor of Chittagong, and his brother-in-law, Makhdum Alam, the governor of Hajipur.[1]
During his reign the Portuguese arrived in Chittagong in 1534, and were captured and sent to Gaur as prisoners on charges of mischief.[1] But, in the face of enemy superiority he reconciled with them and permitted them to establish factories and commercial stations at Chittagong and Hughli.[1] Later, with the help of the Portuguese, the Sultan held the Teliagarhi pass (1536 AD) avoiding the invasion by Sher Shah Suri.[3] Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah and his Portuguese allies were defeated by Sher Shah Suri on 6 April 1538, as his appeals to the Mughal Emperor Humayun went unanswered amid the emperor's preoccupation in Gujrat.[1]
Ghiyasuddin died of wounds sustained during the siege of Gaur by Sher Shah Suri, and grief after learning two of his sons had been executed by the Afghans.[4][5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). "Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 1 November 2025.
- ^ Sarkar, Jadunath, ed. History of Bengal Vol. 2. B. R. Publishing, Delhi, 1943. Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24396/page/n180/mode/1up
- ^ "Banglapedia – Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah".
- ^ "Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah – Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
- ^ Chandra, Satish (2007). History of Medieval India: 800–1700. Orient BlackSwan. p. 216. ISBN 978-81-250-3226-7.
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