Geokichla

  1. Home
  2. Wiki

Geokichla
Crossley's ground thrush (Geokichla crossleyi)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Turdidae
Genus: Geokichla
S. Müller, 1836
Type species
Turdus citrinus[1]
Latham, 1790

Geokichla, from Ancient Greek γεω- (geō-), meaning "ground", and κιχλη (kikhlē), meaning "thrush",[2] are a genus of medium-sized thrushes who are mostly insectivorous or omnivorous in the thrush family, Turdidae. They were traditionally listed in the Zoothera, but molecular phylogenetic studies published in 2008 led to their placement in a separate genus.

Taxonomy

[edit]

The genus Geokichla was introduced in 1836 by the German naturalist Salomon Müller with Turdus citrinus Latham, 1790, the orange-headed thrush, as the type species.[3][4][5] The genus name comes from Ancient Greek γεω- (geō-), meaning "ground", and κιχλη (kikhlē), meaning "thrush.[2]

These species were formerly placed in the genus Zoothera. Molecular phylogenetic analysis by Gary Voelker and collaborators published in 2008 found that Zoothera was polyphyletic.[6][7] To create monophyletic genera 21 species were moved from Zoothera to the resurrected genus Geokichla.[8]

List of species

[edit]

The genus contains the following 21 species:[8]

Image Scientific name Common name Distribution
  Geokichla sibirica Siberian thrush Siberia, Manchuria and Japan ;
winters to Southeast Asia
  Geokichla wardii Pied thrush Himalayas ;
winters to Sri Lanka
-  Geokichla princei Grey ground thrush African tropical rainforest
-  Geokichla camaronensis Black-eared ground thrush western and northeastern Central Africa
  Geokichla guttata Spotted ground thrush very sparsely across sub-Saharan Africa
  Geokichla spiloptera Spot-winged thrush montane forests of Sri Lanka
  Geokichla crossleyi Crossley's ground thrush Western High Plateau and Ruwenzori
  Geokichla piaggiae Abyssinian ground thrush eastern Afromontane
-  Geokichla oberlaenderi Oberländer's ground thrush northeastern Congo Basin
-  Geokichla gurneyi Orange ground thrush eastern/southern Afromontane
  Geokichla citrina Orange-headed thrush Undomalayan realm
  Geokichla dumasi Buru thrush Buru
-  Geokichla joyceyi Seram thrush Seram
  Geokichla peronii Orange-sided thrush Timor and southern Moluccas
-  Geokichla schistacea Slaty-backed thrush Tanimbar Islands
-  Geokichla interpres Chestnut-capped thrush Malesia
-  Geokichla leucolaema Enggano thrush Enggano Island
  Geokichla dohertyi Chestnut-backed thrush eastern Lesser Sundas
  Geokichla cinerea Ashy thrush northern Philippines
  Geokichla erythronota Red-backed thrush Sulawesi
-  Geokichla mendeni Red-and-black thrush Taliabu and Peleng

A subfossil specimen of a ground thrush has been found on the island of Mauritius:[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Turdidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-15.
  2. ^ a b Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 172. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  3. ^ Müller, Salomon (1836). "Aanteekeningen, over de natuurlijke gesteldheid van een gedeelte der westkust en binnenlanden van Sumatra, met bijvoeging van eenige waarnemingen en beschrijvingen van verscheidene op dit, en andere Sunda-eilanden voorkomende dieren". Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie (in Dutch). 2: 315–355 [348–349].>
  4. ^ Mayr, Ernst; Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, eds. (1964). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 10. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 144.
  5. ^ Dickinson, E.C.; Christidis, L., eds. (2014). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 619. ISBN 978-0-9568611-2-2.
  6. ^ Voelker, G.; Klicka, J. (2008). "Systematics of Zoothera thrushes and a synthesis of true thrush molecular relationships". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 377–381. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.06.014. PMID 18639642.
  7. ^ Voelker, G.; Outlaw, R.K. (2008). "Establishing a perimeter position: speciation around the Indian Ocean Basin". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 21 (6): 1779–1788. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01588.x. PMID 18691238.
  8. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Thrushes". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  9. ^ Hume, J.P. (2022). "A new subfossil ground thrush (Turdidae: Geokichla) from Mauritius, Mascarene Islands". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 142 (4): 388–403. doi:10.25226/bboc.v142i4.2022.a2. S2CID 254367025.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Geokichla.