Gaza Strip under international administration

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Gaza Strip
قطاع غزة (Qita' Ghazzah)
The Gaza Strip
The Gaza Strip
CountryPalestine
Gaza peace plan10 October 2025
Resolution 280317 November 2025
Administrative centreTBA
Government
 • TypeInternational transitional administration
 • Chairman of the Board of PeaceDonald Trump
 • Chairman of the Palestinian CommitteeVacant
Area
 • Total
356 km2 (137 sq mi)
Population
 • Total
2,050,000

Resolution 2803 adopted by the Security Council of the United Nations on 17 November 2025 contains provisions to effectively place the Gaza Strip under international administration.[1][2][3] The resolution, incorporating the Gaza peace plan, authorises an international body, known as the Board of Peace, to act as a transitional administration for Gaza and allows for the deployment of an International Stabilization Force (ISF) into the territory.[4] Both bodies are mandated until 31 December 2027, but this can be extended by the Security Council.

The administration is modelled on earlier United Nations mandated transitional authorities such as those in West New Guinea (UNTEA), Cambodia (UNTAC), Eastern Slavonia (UNTAES), Kosovo (UNMIK) and East Timor (UNTAET).[5]

History

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See also: History of the Gaza Strip

The Gaza strip had been part of the Ottoman Empire since the 16th century and came under the British Mandate of Palestine in 1920. Following the 1948 Arab–Israeli War the territory came under the control of All-Palestine Protectorate before becoming occupied by Israeli forces during the 1967 Six-Day War. The Gaza Strip came under the administration of the Palestinian Authority in 1994 as part of the Oslo Accords and was administered by Hamas forces after they seized control in 2007.

The Gaza war began in October 2023 following a series of coordinated armed attacks carried out by Hamas and several other Palestinian militant groups in southern Israel on 7 October 2023.

Tony Blair's initial proposal

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Main article: Gaza International Transitional Authority

Former British prime minister Tony Blair, through his think tank the Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, began developing a post-war plan for the Gaza Strip in July 2025 and discussed the idea with US president Donald Trump and his adviser Jared Kushner at a meeting at the White House on 27 August 2025.[6][7]

Donald Trump's peace plan

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Main article: Gaza peace plan

US president Donald Trump shared a draft 20-point peace plan with Arab and Muslim majority countries on the sidelines of the 80th session of the United Nations General Assembly in September 2025. Article 9 of the Trump deal incorporated Blair's proposals for a local executive committee overseen by an international board, the Board of Peace, and Article 15 describes plans for a multinational peacekeeping force and locally recruited civilian police service.[8][9]

Trump presented a final version of his plan at a press conference with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu at the White House on 29 September 2025. The Palestinian Authority welcomed the proposal affirming their commitment to a "modern, democratic, and non-militarized Palestinian state".[10] Hamas later announced that they would be willing to release all Israeli hostages, to hand over the administration of the Gaza Strip to an independent body of Palestinian technocrats and expressed a willingness to negotiate on Trump's proposed plan. Indirect negotiations between Israel and Hamas started in Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt on 6 October.

October 2025 Gaza ceasefire

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The boundary between Israeli- and Hamas-controlled areas is shown in yellow.

On the evening of 8 October 2025, Trump announced that an agreement had been reached on the first phase of the Gaza agreement, which would lead to the cessation of hostilities, the release of Israeli hostages, the release of some Palestinian prisoners, the partial withdrawal of Israeli forces to a predetermined Yellow Line, and the entry of humanitarian aid into the Gaza Strip.[11] The first phase of the agreement was signed by both parties the following day and came into effect on 10 October 2025 with the cessation of hostilities.

Security Council Resolution 2803

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A draft United Nations Security Council resolution was circulated by the United States on 3 November 2025 which would give a two year mandate to the International Security Force and set up the Board of Peace.[12] The draft underwent two further revisions before being adopted as United Nations Security Council Resolution 2803 on 17 November 2025.

Hamas opposition

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Hamas, which presently controls roughly half of the Gaza Strip as a result of territorial losses to the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) during the Gaza war, has opposed Resolution 2803, stating it “imposes an international guardianship mechanism".[13] Continued Hamas control in Gaza is a significant obstacle to a de facto establishment of an international administration, with many countries reportedly fearing that their troops will end up having to fight Hamas forces.[14][15] However, Article 17 of the Gaza peace plan allows for its implementation in areas outside of Hamas control in the event of Hamas delaying or rejecting the plan.[16]

Administration

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Politics of the Gaza Strip
Administrative history
Gaza Strip under international administration
Gaza Strip under Hamas
Administrative divisions
Conflict with Israel
Foreign relations

Board of Peace

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Main article: Board of Peace (Gaza Strip)

The Board of Peace has been authorised by a United Nations mandate to support with the administration, reconstruction and economic recovery of the Gaza Strip.[8][9] United States president Donald Trump has named himself as its chairman.

Palestinian Committee

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Main article: Palestinian Committee

Resolution 2803 empowers the Board of Peace to supervise and support a "Palestinian technocratic, apolitical committee of competent Palestinians from the [Gaza] Strip, which shall be responsible for day-to-day operations of Gaza's civil service and administration".[17]

Local government

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See also: Local Government in the Gaza Strip

The Gaza Strip is divided into five governorates; Gaza, Khan Yunis, North Gaza, Deir al-Balah and Rafah which are further divided into 25 municipalities.[18] The Gaza peace plan states that the Palestinian Committee is responsible for the day-to-day running of public services and municipalities. Prior to the Gaza war, Palestinian refugee camps in the Gaza Strip were managed by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).

  • Governorates in the Gaza Strip
    Governorates in the Gaza Strip
  • Municipalities in the Gaza Strip
    Municipalities in the Gaza Strip

Security and law enforcement

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Map of proposed phased withdrawal of the Israeli armed forces from the Gaza Strip

International Stabilization Force

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Main article: International Stabilization Force

The International Stabilization Force is a multinational peacekeeping force authorised to be deployed to provide strategic stability and operational protection in Gaza during the transitional period.[19] The plan would see the Israeli armed forces withdraw from most of the Gaza Strip once the International Stabilization Force is deployed.[20][21]

Civil police

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Main article: Gaza civil police

The Board of Peace, with the support of an International Stabilization Force, is authorised to "train and provide support to the vetted Palestinian police forces" in the Gaza Strip.[22]

Civil-Military Coordination Center

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Main article: Civil-Military Coordination Center
Civil-Military Coordination Center (CMCC) Kiryat Gat, Israel, in October 2025

A Civil-Military Coordination Center (CMCC), under the leadership of Brad Cooper, head of US Central Command was set up shortly after the ceasefire agreement came into effect on 10 October 2025. The center aims to help facilitate the flow of humanitarian, logistical, and security assistance from international counterparts into Gaza.[23]

International presence in the Gaza Strip

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See also: International aid to Palestinians and Humanitarian aid during the Gaza war

European Union

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The European Union (EU) has two overseas operations in the Palestinian territories: the European Union Border Assistance Mission to Rafah (EUBAM Rafah)[24] and the European Union Mission for the Support of Palestinian Police and Rule of Law (EUPOL COPPS). On 19 November 2025, the EU offered to train 3,000 Gaza police officers through the EUPOL COPPS mission.[25]

United Nations

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See also: Palestine and the United Nations

United Nations agencies, including the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs[26], UNICEF[27], World Food Programme, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the World Health Organization[28] are supporting the delivery of humanitarian aid into the Gaza Strip.[29] The United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process coordinates the humanitarian and development work of UN agencies and programmes in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.[30][31] Prior to the Gaza war, Palestinian refugee camps in the Gaza Strip were managed by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency.

World Bank Group

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Under the terms of the Gaza peace plan, financing for the reconstruction of the Gaza Strip is to come come from a trust fund backed by the World Bank.[32][33]

Other international NGOs

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Other international non-governmental organisations supporting aid and reconstruction efforts in the Gaza Strip include the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement[34] and Save the Children.[35]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "What is Security Council Resolution 2803, and what does it mean for the Trump Gaza plan? | Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank". www.chathamhouse.org. October 17, 2025.
  2. ^ https://www.arabprogress.org/en/international-administration-plan-for-the-gaza-strip-and-the-multinational-security-force-january-2026/
  3. ^ https://www.courthousenews.com/israel-hails-trump-gaza-plan-after-un-security-council-vote/
  4. ^ "Security Council Authorizes International Stabilization Force in Gaza, Adopting Resolution 2803 (2025) | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases". press.un.org.
  5. ^ "Blair offers to lead Gaza, following the Kosovo model". Telegrafi. 26 September 2025.
  6. ^ Badshah, Nadeem (27 August 2025). "Tony Blair attends White House meeting with Trump on postwar Gaza". The Guardian.
  7. ^ "Former UK PM Tony Blair could head Gaza transitional authority under UN mandate". The Arab Weekly. 2025-09-27. Retrieved 2025-10-14.
  8. ^ a b Magid, Jacob (27 September 2025). "Revealed: US 21-point plan for ending Gaza war, creating pathway to Palestinian state". The Times of Israel.
  9. ^ a b "Trump upbeat about ending Gaza war as 21-point peace plan takes shape". 27 September 2025.
  10. ^ "Palestinian government supports Trump's plan to end Israel-Hamas war". Associated Press News.
  11. ^ "Gaza war latest: Hamas claims agreement is start of 'permanent ceasefire' - as key Israeli figures meet to sign off deal". Sky News.
  12. ^ "Draft UN resolution would grant US and partners two-year mandate to govern Gaza". Times of Israel. 4 November 2025.
  13. ^ "Updates: UN Security Council approves US plan for Gaza stabilisation force". Al Jazeera. 18 November 2025. Retrieved 2025-11-26.
  14. ^ "International troops won't want to enforce Gaza peace, says King of Jordan". BBC. 2025-10-27. Retrieved 2025-11-26.
  15. ^ "Nations Hesitate to Send Troops to Gaza, Fearing Clashes With Hamas". The New York Times. 2025-10-21. Retrieved 2025-11-26.
  16. ^ "Rapid Response 47". X.
  17. ^ https://x.com/RapidResponse47/status/1972726021196562494
  18. ^ "Municipalities and Local Authorities". ECFR. 21 March 2018.
  19. ^ "Blair plan backed by Trump seeks Gaza authority to replace Hamas". Retrieved 29 September 2025.
  20. ^ "CONFLICT: Trump's Gaza post-war plan infographic".
  21. ^ Abbas, Bashir Ali (7 October 2025). "What the International Stabilization Force for Gaza, proposed by Trump, envisages".
  22. ^ "Full text of the US resolution for Gaza approved by the UN Security Council". Middle East Eye.
  23. ^ "CENTCOM Opens Civil-Military Coordination Center to Support Gaza Stabilization" (Press release). U.S. Central Command. October 21, 2025. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
  24. ^ https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/01/28/what-we-know-about-the-eus-revived-rafah-border-mission
  25. ^ https://www.trtworld.com/article/c5b7fbbeaf10/amp
  26. ^ https://www.ochaopt.org/
  27. ^ https://www.unicef.org/sop/
  28. ^ https://www.emro.who.int/countries/opt/index.html
  29. ^ https://palestine.un.org/en/about/un-entities-in-country
  30. ^ Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process by UNSCO
  31. ^ About UNSCO by UNSCO
  32. ^ "Trump's plan for Gaza backed by UN Security Council". BBC News. November 17, 2025.
  33. ^ https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/world-bank-letter-us-backs-draft-un-resolution-gaza-2025-11-09/
  34. ^ אייכנר, איתמר (24 October 2025). "מסכי ענק, עדכונים שוטפים: כך מתנהלת המפקדה האמריקנית - והחשש שמתממש". Ynet.
  35. ^ "The Guardian view on devastation in Gaza: the world wants to move on, but Palestinians can't". November 20, 2025 – via The Guardian.
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