Foreign relations of Benin

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After seizing power in the 1972 coup d'état, Major Mathieu Kérékou declared the People's Republic of Benin a Marxist-Leninist state and sought financial support from communist governments in Eastern Europe and Asia. To distance the modern state from its colonial past, the country became the People's Republic of Benin in 1975. However, Benin dropped the socialist ideology in 1989 following pressure from creditors and domestic unrest related to economic hardship.

In recent years Benin has strengthened ties with France, the former colonial power, as well as the United States and the main international lending institutions. Benin has also adopted a mediating role in the political crises in Liberia, Guinea-Bissau, and Togo and provided a contribution to the United Nations force in Haiti, all of which were indications of the country's growing confidence in the international community. Some of the allies of Benin are France, India, US, UK, Netherlands, Ghana, and China.

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Benin maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1 United Kingdom 1 August 1960[1]
2 United States 1 August 1960[2]
3 France 2 August 1960[3]
4 Germany 12 August 1960[4]
5 Haiti December 1960[5]
6 Belgium 3 January 1961[6]
7 Japan April 1961[7]
8 Brazil 17 May 1961[8]
9 South Korea 1 August 1961[9]
10 Democratic Republic of the Congo 22 August 1961[10]
11 Nigeria 12 September 1961[11]
12 Sweden 17 November 1961[12]
13  Switzerland 21 November 1961[12]
14 Italy 30 November 1961[13]
15 Israel 5 December 1961[14]
16 Netherlands 26 December 1961[15]
17 Guinea 26 February 1962[16]
18 Canada 27 April 1962[17]
19 Russia 4 June 1962[18]
20 Czech Republic 11 June 1962[19]
21 Poland 14 June 1962[20]
22 Ghana 20 June 1962[21]
23 Hungary 21 June 1962[22]
24 Bulgaria 25 June 1962[23]
25 Lebanon 27 June 1962[24]
26 Romania 29 June 1962[25]
27 Serbia 3 July 1962[26]
28 Sudan 23 July 1962[27]
29 India 25 June 1963[28]
30 Pakistan 10 December 1963[29]
31 Liberia 1963[30]
32 Norway 25 September 1964[31]
33 Algeria 7 November 1964[32]
34 China 12 November 1964[33]
35 Syria 29 November 1964[34]
36 Austria 1 December 1964[35]
37 Denmark 15 December 1964[36]
38 Egypt 15 December 1964[37]
39 Mali 27 August 1965[38]
40 Spain 25 March 1966[39]
41 Ethiopia 7 May 1966[40]
42 Morocco 5 November 1966[41]
43 Tunisia 22 December 1966[42]
44 Luxembourg 17 September 1968[43]
45 Gabon 29 October 1969[44]
46 Mauritania 1970[45]
— Holy See 29 June 1971[46]
— Sovereign Military Order of Malta 1972[47]
47 North Korea 5 February 1973[48]
48 Cameroon 5 March 1973[49]
49 Vietnam 14 March 1973[50]
50 Libya 31 March 1973[51]
51 Cuba 1 February 1974[52]
52 Zambia 8 February 1974[53]
53 Turkey 29 March 1974[54]
54 Argentina 20 May 1974[55]
55 Albania 4 October 1974[56]
56 Mexico 30 October 1975[57]
57 Greece 1975[58]
58 Angola 11 October 1976[59]
59 Chad 18 October 1976[60]
60 Laos 2 January 1977[61]
61 Mongolia 30 March 1977[62]
62 Portugal 21 July 1977[63]
63 Republic of the Congo 9 September 1978[64]
64 Uganda 1978[65]
65 Tanzania 25 May 1979[66]
66 Togo 29 October 1979[67]
67 Thailand 5 October 1980[68]
68 Equatorial Guinea 10 April 1981[69]
69 Kenya 12 March 1982[70]
70 Somalia 12 March 1982[70]
71 Niger 14 May 1982[71]
72 Ivory Coast 28 October 1983[72]
73 Iran 1983[73]
74 Nicaragua 5 June 1984[62]
75 Afghanistan 5 December 1984[62]
76 Rwanda 21 March 1985[74]
77 United Arab Emirates 5 January 1986[75]
78 Kuwait 24 December 1987[76]
79 Seychelles 1 March 1988[62]
80 Colombia 30 November 1988[62]
81 Finland 22 December 1988[77]
82 Iraq 24 July 1989[78]
— State of Palestine 1989[79]
83 Namibia 13 August 1990[62]
84 Venezuela 20 June 1991[62]
85 Ukraine 10 April 1992[80]
86 Slovakia 19 January 1993[81]
87 Singapore 21 February 1994[82]
88 Brunei 1 March 1994[83]
89 Indonesia 10 March 1994[84]
90 South Africa 19 May 1994[85]
91 Costa Rica 28 June 1994[62]
92 Cambodia 23 January 1995[86]
93 Malaysia 30 January 1995[87]
94 Guatemala 14 November 1995[62]
95 Latvia 19 March 1997[88]
96 Philippines 8 August 1997[89]
97 Azerbaijan 14 October 1999[90]
98 Qatar 2 November 1999[91]
99 Dominican Republic 24 November 1999[92]
100 Croatia 26 March 2001[62]
101 Belarus 21 June 2001[93]
102 Mauritius 24 March 2003[62]
103 Saudi Arabia 25 June 2004[94]
104 North Macedonia 26 November 2004[95]
105 Slovenia 1 December 2004[96]
106 Iceland 23 February 2005[62]
107 Australia 28 April 2005[97]
108 Estonia 27 June 2005[98]
109 Uzbekistan 17 August 2005[99]
110 Lithuania 2 September 2005[100]
111 Panama 20 September 2005[101]
112 Andorra 24 March 2006[62]
113 Jamaica 25 April 2006[102]
114 Botswana 21 February 2007[62]
115 Armenia 2 August 2007[62]
116 Uruguay 14 February 2008[62]
117 Djibouti 16 June 2008[103]
118 Bangladesh 14 July 2008[104]
119 Kyrgyzstan 29 January 2009[105]
120 Paraguay 18 February 2009[106]
121 Malta 25 March 2009[62]
122 Bosnia and Herzegovina 11 September 2009[62]
123 Chile 25 August 2010[107]
124 Tajikistan 8 July 2011[62]
125 Kazakhstan 13 September 2011[62]
126 Montenegro 15 September 2011[62]
127 Fiji 16 September 2011[62]
128 Maldives 16 September 2011[108]
129 South Sudan 29 January 2013[109]
130 New Zealand 27 June 2013[110]
131 Sri Lanka 12 August 2013[111]
132 Burundi 13 January 2014[112]
133 Yemen 24 February 2014[113]
134 Jordan 4 June 2014[114]
135 Georgia 25 September 2014[62]
136 Peru 22 November 2017[115]
137   Nepal 23 January 2018[62]
138 Moldova 24 January 2018[62]
139 Comoros 17 May 2018[116]
140 Zimbabwe 19 July 2018[117]
141 Turkmenistan 26 July 2018[118]
142 Mozambique 24 October 2018[119]
143 Oman 16 November 2018[62]
144 Malawi 19 February 2019[120]
145 São Tomé and Príncipe 20 February 2019[121]
146 Monaco 8 March 2019[122]
147 Ireland 28 May 2019[123]
148 Liechtenstein 26 June 2019[124]
149 Myanmar 2 July 2019[62]
150 Ecuador 7 October 2019[62]
151 San Marino 29 September 2020[125]
152 Saint Kitts and Nevis 2 June 2022[62]
153 Guinea-Bissau 10 November 2022[126]
154 Belize 14 September 2023[62]
155 Bahrain 21 September 2023[62]
156 Grenada 21 September 2023[62]
157 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3 October 2023[62]
158 Cyprus 10 October 2023[62]
159 Timor-Leste 10 October 2023[62]
160 El Salvador 18 October 2023[62]
161 Antigua and Barbuda 21 December 2023[62]
162 Bahamas 21 January 2024[62]
163 Saint Lucia 25 June 2024[62]
164 Marshall Islands 2 July 2024[62]
165 Guyana 9 July 2024[62]
166 Bolivia 24 July 2024[62]
167 Dominica 24 September 2024[62]
168 Nauru 6 November 2024[62]
169 Vanuatu 5 June 2025[62]
170 Federated States of Micronesia 14 August 2025[62]
171 Solomon Islands 22 August 2025[62]
172 Trinidad and Tobago 23 September 2025[62]
173 Palau 24 September 2025[62]
174 Burkina Faso Unknown
175 Central African Republic Unknown[127]
176 Gambia Unknown
177 Senegal Unknown
178 Sierra Leone Unknown

Bilateral relations

[edit]
Sovereign state Formal Relations Began Notes
China 12 November 1964 See Benin–China relations

The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Benin established diplomatic relations on November 12, 1964, yet in January 1966, Benin unilaterally severed the relations with China and the April that year to "resume relations" with Taiwan. On December 29, 1972, the Mathieu Kérékon Government restored the relations with China and then the relations saw a favorable development afterwards.[33]

  • Benin has an embassy in Beijing.
  • China has an embassy in Cotonou.
Denmark 15 December 1964 See Benin–Denmark relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1964 when was accredited first ambassador of Dahomey to Denmark Dr. Nicolas Amoussou Ewagnignon[36]

France 2 August 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 August 1960[3]
Haiti December 1960 See Benin–Haiti relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations in December 1960 with opened Embassy of Haiti in Dahomey. It was closed in 1963 and reopened in Cotonou in February 2004. Embassy Haiti in Benin was finally closed on 11 December 2018.[5]

India 25 June 1963 See Benin–India relations
  • India is accredited to Benin from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria.
Kenya 12 March 1982 See Benin–Kenya relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1982 when first ambassador of Kenya to Benin Mr. Alfred Imbahale Machayo presented his credentials to Head of State of Benin Mr. Mathieu Kérékou.[70]

  • Benin is accredited to Kenya from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Kenya's is accredited to Benin from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria.
Mexico 30 October 1975
  • Benin is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[130]
  • Mexico is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria and has an honorary consulate in Cotonou.[131]
Russia 4 June 1962 See Benin–Russia relations
  • Benin has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in Cotonou.
Turkey 29 March 1974 Benin–Turkey relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 March 1974 when first Turkish Ambassador Mr. Talat Benler presented his credentials to President Mathieu Kerekou in Cotonou.[54]

  • Turkey has an embassy in Cotonou.[132]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$142 million in 2019.[132]
  • There are direct flights from Istanbul to Cotonou since 2014.[132]
United Kingdom 1 August 1960 See Benin–United Kingdom relations

Benin established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 1 August 1960.[1][failed verification]

  • Benin does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Benin through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its high commission in Accra, Ghana.[133]

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,[134] the International Criminal Court, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.[135]

United States 1 August 1960 See Benin–United States relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1960[2]

The two nations have had an excellent history of relations in the years since Benin embraced democracy. The U.S. Government continues to assist Benin with the improvement of living standards that are key to the ultimate success of Benin's experiment with democratic government and economic liberalization, and are consistent with U.S. values and national interest in reducing poverty and promoting growth. The bulk of the U.S. effort in support of consolidating democracy in Benin is focused on long-term human resource development through U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) programs.[136]

  • Benin has an embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • United States has an embassy in Cotonou.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b The Times Cuttings Africa West. xerography and published by University Microfilms. 1958.
  2. ^ a b "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Benin (Dahomey)". Office of the Historian. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  3. ^ a b "Liste chronologique des ambassadeurs, envoyes extraordinaires, ministres plenipotentiaires et charges d'affaires de France a l'etranger depuis 1945" (PDF). diplomatie.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  4. ^ "Beninisch-deutsche Geschichte". Deutsche Botschaft Cotonou (in German). Archived from the original on 8 April 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  5. ^ a b "Diplomatie: l'Ambassade d'Haïti au Bénin définitivement fermée". Benin Web TV (in French). 16 December 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  6. ^ Belgisch staatsblad Issues 51-77 (in French and Dutch). 1961. 1961. p. 2166.
  7. ^ "64ème anniversaire de Sa Majesté Naruhito : Le Bénin et le Japon se félicitent d'un partenariat stratégique" (in French). 25 March 2024. Archived from the original on 7 March 2025. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  8. ^ "Cria uma Embaixada do Brasil na República do Daomei. Decreto nº 50.604, de 17 de maio de 1961". PORTAL DE LEGISLAÇÃO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  9. ^ "Benin". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Korea. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  10. ^ Journal officiel de la République du Dahomey (in French). 1963. p. 345.
  11. ^ "Republique du Dahomey Decret du President de la Republique № 287". Secrétariat général du Gouvernement du Bénin (in French). Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  12. ^ a b Monde colonial illustré Volume 39, Issues 383-392 (in French). Société nouvelle des Editions France Outremer S.A. 1961. p. 49.
  13. ^ Europe, France outremer Issues 382-392 (in French). 1961. p. 48.
  14. ^ Yitzhak Oron (1961). Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961 Volume 2. Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center. p. 335. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  15. ^ Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 69-72 (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. 1961. p. 97.
  16. ^ Europe, France outremer - Issues 382-392 (in French). 1961. p. 64.
  17. ^ "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  18. ^ "Today marks 60 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Russia and Benin!". MFA Russia. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
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  20. ^ Bogdan Grzeloński (2006). Dyplomacja polska w XX wieku (in Polish). Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. p. 129.
  21. ^ Daily report, foreign radio broadcasts 1962 no.120-121. 1962. p. 142.
  22. ^ Lajos Gecsényi (January 2015). Diplomaták a változó világban Főkonzulok, követek és nagykövetek 1945-1990 (in Hungarian). 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2023. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
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  24. ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 126-127. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1962. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
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  27. ^ Cahiers de l'Orient contemporain Volume 19 (in French). G.P. Maisonneuve. 1962. p. 267.
  28. ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 125-126. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1963. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  29. ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 240-241. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1963. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  30. ^ Asia & Africa Review Volume 3. Independent Publishing Company. 1963. p. 22.
  31. ^ "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). April 27, 1999. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  32. ^ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1964. p. 184.
  33. ^ a b "Benin". china.org.cn. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  34. ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 233-234. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1964. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  35. ^ Michael Th Neugebauer (1992). Die österreichisch-afrikanischen Beziehungen seit 1955 Wirtschaft, Politik, Entwicklungspolitik, Kultur (in German). Böhlau. p. 110.
  36. ^ a b "Udenlandske diplomatiske og konsulære repræsentationer i Danmark" (PDF). Hof- og Statskalender 1966 (in Danish). p. [21]. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  37. ^ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1964. p. 203.
  38. ^ Bulletin de l'Afrique noire - Issues 379-388 (in French). La Documentation africaine. 1965.
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  47. ^ de Béthencourt, Marcos Fernández (2019). La orden de Malta: Estatuto Jurídico internacional (in Spanish). Editorial Sanz Y Torres. pp. 302–309.
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  51. ^ ARR, Arab Report and Record. Vol. 1–18, 21–24. 1973. p. 29.
  52. ^ "En los fondos documentales de Archivo MINREX atesoramos Comunicado Conjunto para el establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre Cuba y Dahomey, hoy República de Benin, firmado en Nueva York el 1/2/1974". CG Documental MINREX. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  53. ^ Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa Issues 1450-1459. United States. Joint Publications Research Service. 1974. p. 11. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  54. ^ a b Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa Issues 1450-1459. United States. Joint Publications Research Service. 1974. p. 9. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  55. ^ "Declaración Conjunta del Gobierno de la República Argentina y del Gobierno Militar Revolucionario de Dahomey estableciendo Relaciones Diplomáticas". Biblioteca Digital de Tratados Argentina (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  56. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 4717-4792. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1974. p. 5.
  57. ^ "Hoy celebramos el 47 aniversario de relaciones diplomáticas entre México y Benín". Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores de México (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  58. ^ Afrique d'expression franc̜aise et Madagascar Volumes 540-551 (in French). Société nouvelle des Editions France Outremer S.A. 1975. p. 96. DAHOMEY ... Grèce : Ambassadeur ( résidant à Lagos ) : M. Panagotis Rellas
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  61. ^ "List of States which the Lao PDR has established diplomatic relations since 1950". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lao PDR. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
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  70. ^ a b c Le Mois en Afrique - Issues 194-202 (in French). 1982. p. 173.
  71. ^ Le Mois en Afrique, 200–202 (in French). 1982. p. 281.
  72. ^ Le Mois en Afrique Issues 203-214 (in French). Le Mois en Afrique. 1983. p. 175.
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Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.

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