English exonyms

An English exonym is a name in the English language for a place (a toponym), or occasionally other terms, which does not follow the local usage (the endonym). Exonyms and endonyms are features of all languages, and other languages may have their own exonym for English endonyms, for example Llundain is the Welsh exonym for the English endonym "London".

Romanization, or transcription of a non-Latin alphabet endonym into a Latin alphabet, is not generally regarded as creating exonyms: "The application of any scientifically sound romanization system to a non-Roman endonym merely re-creates that original endonym in another legitimate form" (Päll, 2002).^[1][2] However old romanization systems may leave a legacy of "familiar" spellings, as in the case of, for example, romanization of Burmese.^[3] This affects romanization of Arabic, romanization of Chinese, and many other non-Latin alphabet place names.

Translations of non-proper nouns such as "river" and "lake" also do not qualify as exonyms.

A less common form of exonym is usage for names and titles. Personal exonyms are typically limited to regnal names such as popes (John Paul II) and monarchs (Charles V); less commonly, well-known historical authors (John Calvin, for French Jean Calvin) are referred to by exonyms. The list does not include the list of English translated personal names.

General

This section lists English-language exonyms that are for places located in multiple countries, English names of countries, and typical patterns.

Countries and territories

The following is a list of countries and territories whose names in local languages differ from their (non-local) English ones. The list includes countries with limited recognition, autonomous territories of sovereign countries, and fully sovereign countries.

Country names are listed in their short form, and do not include names spelled identically in English. Near-identical names in pronunciation or spelling are included, but countries named with non-proper nouns (like Central African Republic or United Arab Emirates) are not. It is debatable whether the mere omission of a diacritical mark (as in several instances in the table below) creates an exonym.

The languages listed are official languages and/or prominent local languages, except if the name for the associated country is spelled the same as in English. Languages in italics are no longer spoken in the given country, but the name listed retains some use.

Likewise, exonyms in italics are obsolete or are disputed.

Countries and territories

English name	Endonym	Language
Abkhazia	Aṗsny (Аԥсны)	Abkhaz
	Abkhaziya (Абхазия)	Russian
Afghanistan	Afġānestān (افغانستان)	Dari
	Afġānistān (افغانستان)	Pashto
Albania	Shqipëri(a)	Standard Albanian
	Shqipyni(a)	Gheg Albanian
Algeria	Al-Dzāyīr (الدزاير)	Maghrebi Arabic
	Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر)	Standard Arabic
Armenia	Hayastan (Հայաստան)	Armenian
Austria	Österreich	Standard German
Azerbaijan	Azərbaycan	Azeri
Bahrain	Al-Baḥrayn (البحرين)	Standard Arabic
Bangladesh	বাংলাদেশ (Bangladesh)	Bengali
Belarus	Byelarus’ (Беларусь)	Belarusian
		Russian
Belgium	België	Dutch
	Belgien	Standard German
	Belgique	French
Benin	Bénin
Bhutan	Druk Yul (འབྲུག་ཡུལ་)	Dzongkha
Bolivia	Mborivia	Guarani
	Puliwya	Quechua
	Wuliwya	Aymara
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Bosna & Hercegovina (Босна & Херцеговина)	Bosnian
Brazil	Brasil	Portuguese
Bulgaria	Balgariya (България)	Bulgarian
Burkina Faso	Burkĩna Faso	Mossi
Burundi	Uburundi	Kirundi
Cambodia	Kampuciə (កម្ពុជា)	Khmer
Cameroon	Cameroun	French
	Kamerun	Fula
Cape Verde	Cabo Verde	Portuguese
	Kabu Verdi	Cape Verdean Creole
Chad	Tchad	French
	Tshād (تشاد)	Standard Arabic
Chile	Chili	Aymara
	Chli	Mapudungun
	Chili	Quechua
	Tire	Rapa Nui
China	Zhōngguó (中国)	Mandarin
Colombia	Colombia	Spanish
Comoros	Comores	French
	Juzur Al-Qamar (جزر القمر)	Standard Arabic
	Komori	Comorian
Congo-Brazzaville	Kongó	Lingala
	Kôngo-Balazvile	Kongo
Congo-Kinshasa	Kongo	Luba-Katanga
	Kongó-Kinsásá	Lingala
	Kôngo	Kongo
	Kongu	Swahili
Cook Islands	Kūki 'Āirani	Cook Islands Maori
Croatia	Hrvatska	Croatian
Cyprus	Kıbrıs	Turkish
	Kýpros (Κύπρος)	Greek
Czech Republic, Czechia	Česká republika, Česko	Czech
Denmark	Danmark	Danish
Djibouti	Jabuuti	Somali
	Jībūtī (جيبوتي)	Standard Arabic
	Yibuuti	Afar
Dominica	Dominique	French
	Wai'tu kubuli	Island Carib
East Timor	Timor-Leste	Portuguese
	Timór Lorosa'e	Tetum
Ecuador	Ekuatur	Shuar
	Ikwayur	Quechua
Egypt	Maṣr (مَصر)	Egyptian Arabic
	Miṣr (مِصر)	Standard Arabic
Eritrea	Ertra (ኤርትራ)	Tigrinya
	‘Iritriyā (إرتريا)	Standard Arabic
Estonia	Eesti	Estonian
Ethiopia	Itiyoophiyaa	Afar
	Itoobiya	Somali
	Itoophiyaa	Oromo
	ʾĪtyōṗṗyā (ኢትዮጵያ)	Amharic
		Tigrinya
Fiji	Fijī (फ़िजी)	Fiji Hindi
	Viti	Fijian
Finland	Suomi	Finnish
France	France	French
Gambia	Gámbi	Wolof
	Kambiya	Mandinka
Georgia	Sakartvelo (საქართველო)	Georgian
Germany	Deutschland	Standard German
Ghana	Gaana	Twi
Greece	Elládha (Ελλάδα)	Greek
Grenada	La Gwenad	Grenadian Creole
Guinea-Bissau	Guiné-Bissau	Portuguese
Guinea-Conakry	Ginea-Conakry	Fula
	Guinée-Conakry	French
Haiti	Ayiti	Haitian Creole
	Haïti	French
Honduras	Honduras	Spanish
Hong Kong	Xiānggǎng	Chinese
Hungary	Magyarország	Hungarian
Iceland	Ísland	Icelandic
India	Bhaaratham (ഭാരതം)	Malayalam
	Bhārat (भारत)	Marathi
		Dogri
		Hindi
		Maithili
		Nepali
	Bhārat (ભારત)	Gujarati
	Bhārat (بًارت \ भारत)	Kashmiri
	Bhārat (بھارت \ ਭਾਰਤ)	Punjabi
	Bhārat (ڀارت \ भारत)	Sindhi
	Bhārat (بھارت)	Urdu
	Bhārata (ಭಾರತ)	Kannada
	Bhāratam (भारतम्)	Sanskrit
	Bhārathadeśaṁ (భారతదేశం)	Telugu
	Bhāratham (பாரதம்)	Tamil
	Bharot (भारत)	Konkani
	Bhārot (ভারত)	Bengali
	Bhārôt (ভাৰত)	Assamese
		Meitei
	Bhārôt (भारत)	Bodo
	Bhārôtô (ଭାରତ)	Odia
	Siñôt (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)	Santali
Iran	Irān (ایران)	Persian
Iraq	Al-'Irāq (اَلْعِرَاق)	Standard Arabic
	Êraq (عێراق)	Kurdish
Ireland	Éire	Irish
Israel	Isrā'īl (إِسْرَائِيل)	Standard Arabic
	Yisraél (ישראל)	Hebrew
Italy	Italia	Standard Italian
Ivory Coast	Côte d'Ivoire	French
Japan	Nihon / Nippon (日本)	Japanese
Jordan	Al-'Urdunn (الأردن)	Standard Arabic
Kazakhstan	Qazaqstan (Қазақстан)	Kazakh
Kosovo	Kosovë	Albanian
Kuwait	Al-Kuwait (الكويت)	Standard Arabic
	il-Ikwēt (الكويت)	Gulf Arabic
Kyrgyzstan	Kırǧızstan (Кыргызстан)	Kyrgyz
Laos	Lāo (ລາວ)	Lao
Latvia	Latvija	Latvian
	Lețmō	Livonian
Lebanon	Ləbnēn (لبنان)	Levantine Arabic
	Lubnān (لبنان)	Standard Arabic
Libya	Lībiyā (ليبيا)
Lithuania	Lietuva	Lithuanian
Luxembourg	Lëtzebuerg	Luxembourgish
	Luxemburg	Standard German
Madagascar	Madagasikara	Malagasy
Malawi	Malaŵi	Chewa
		Tumbuka
Malaysia	Mǎláixīyà (马来西亚)	Mandarin
Maldives	Dhivehi Raajje (ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ )	Dhivehi
Mali	Mālī (مالي)	Standard Arabic
Marshall Islands	Aorōkin M̧ajeļ	Marshallese
Mauritania	Agawej	Berber
	Cengiṭ
	Gànnaar	Wolof
	Mauritanie	French
	Moritani	Pulaar
	Mūrītānyā (موريتانيا)	Standard Arabic
	Murutaane	Soninke
Mauritius	Maurice	French
	Moris	Mauritian Creole
Mexico	México	Spanish
	Mēxihco	Nahuatl
Moldova	Moldaviya (Молдавия)	Russian
Monaco	Mónegue	Occitan
	Mùnegu	Ligurian
Mongolia	Mongol Uls (Монгол Улс)	Mongolian
Montenegro	Crna Gora (Црна Гора)	Montenegrin
Morocco	Al-Maġrib (المغرب)	Standard Arabic
	lmeɣrib (ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ)	Standard Moroccan Tamazight
	Maroc	French
Mozambique	Moçambique	Portuguese
	Msumbiji	Swahili
	Mozambiki	Chewa
	Muzambhiki	Tsonga
Myanmar	Myǎma (မြန်မာ)	Burmese
Namibia	Namibië	Afrikaans
Nauru	Naoero	Nauruan
Nepal	Nepāl (नेपाल)	Nepali
Netherlands	Nederland	Dutch
New Zealand	Aotearoa	Maori
Niger	Al-Nayjar (النيجر)	Standard Arabic
Nigeria	Naìjíríyà	Igbo
	Naìjíríyà	Yoruba
	Najeriya	Hausa
Niue	Niuē	Niuean
North Korea	Chosŏn (조선)	Korean
North Macedonia	Maqedonia e Veriut	Albanian
	Severna Makedonija (Северна Македонија)	Macedonian
Norway	Nöörja	Southern Sami
	Noreg	Norwegian Nynorsk
	Norga	Northern Sami
	Norge	Norwegian Bokmål
	Vuodna	Lule Sami
Oman	'Umān (عمان)	Standard Arabic
Pakistan	Pākistān (پاکِستان)	Urdu
Palau	Belau	Palauan
	Parao (パラオ)	Japanese
Palestine	Filasṭīn (فلسطين)	Standard Arabic
Panama	Panamá	Spanish
Papua New Guinea	Papua Niu Gini	Hiri Motu
	Papua Niugini	Tok Pisin
Paraguay	Paraguái	Guarani
	Paraguay	Spanish
Peru	Perú
	Piruw	Aymara
		Quechua
Philippines	Pilipinas	Tagalog
Poland	Polska	Polish
Portugal	Portugal	Portuguese
Qatar	Giṭar (قطر)	Gulf Arabic
	Qaṭar (قطر)	Standard Arabic
Romania	România	Romanian
Russia	Rossíya (Росси́я)	Russian
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Saint Christopher and Nevis	English
Samoa	Sāmoa	Samoan
Saudi Arabia	al-Suʿūdiyya (ٱلسُّعُودِيَّة)	Standard Arabic
Senegal	Senegaal	Wolof
	Sénégal	French
Serbia	Srbija	Serbian
Seychelles	Sesel	Seychellois Creole
Singapore	Ciṅkappūr (சிங்கப்பூர்)	Tamil
	Singapura	Malay
	Xīnjiāpō (新加坡)	Mandarin
Slovakia	Slovensko	Slovak
Slovenia	Slovenija	Slovene
Somalia	aṣ-Ṣūmāl (الصومال)	Standard Arabic
	Soomaaliya	Somali
Somaliland	Ṣūmālīlānd (صوماليلاند)	Standard Arabic
South Korea	Hanguk (한국)	Korean
South Sudan	Paguot Thudän	Dinka
South Ossetia	Alaniya (Алания)	Russian
	Allonston (Аллонстон)	Ossetian
Spain	Espainia	Basque
	España	Galician
		Spanish
	Espanha	Occitan
	Espanya	Catalan
Sri Lanka	Ilaṅkai (இலங்கை)	Tamil
	Śrī Laṁkā (ශ්‍රී ලංකා)	Sinhala
Sudan	as-Sūdān (السودان)	Standard Arabic
Sweden	Sverige	Swedish
Switzerland	Helvetia	Latin
	Schweiz	Standard German
	Suisse	French
	Svizra	Romansh
	Svizzera	Standard Italian
Syria	Sūriyā (سوريا)	Standard Arabic
Taiwan	Tâiuân (臺灣)	Hokkien
	Táiwān (臺灣)	Mandarin
	Taywan	Amis
	Tǒivǎn (臺灣)	Hakka
Tajikistan	Tojikiston (Тоҷикистон)	Tajik
Thailand	Pratheṣ̄thịy (ประเทศไทย)	Thai
Transnistria	Nistrenia (Нистрения)	Romanian
	Pridnestrovye (Приднестровье)	Russian
	Prydnistrovya (Придністров'я)	Ukrainian
Tunisia	Tunest	Berber
	Tunisie	French
	Tūnis (تونس)	Standard Arabic
Turkey	Türkiye	Turkish
Turkmenistan	Türkmenistan	Turkmen
Uganda	Yuganda	Luganda
Ukraine	Ukrajina (Україна)	Ukrainian
Uzbekistan	Oʻzbekiston (Ўзбекистон)	Uzbek
Vatican City	Stato della Città del Vaticano	Standard Italian
	Status Civitatis Vaticanae	Latin
Vietnam	Việt Nam	Vietnamese
Yemen	Al-Yaman (اَلْيَمَنُ)	Standard Arabic

Other territories

The following is a list of other territories/regions which are not deemed as countries or sovereign states.

Other territories

English name	Endonym	Language
Alsace	Elsass	German
	Elsàss	Alsatian
Basque Country	País Vasco	Spanish
	Euskadi	Basque
Bavaria	Bayern	German
	Boarn	Bavarian
Bohemia	Čechy	Czech
	Böhmen	German
Brittany	Bretagne	French
	Breizh	Breton
Catalonia	Catalunya	Catalan
	Cataluña	Spanish
Cornwall	Kernow	Cornish
Corsica	Corse	French
Crimea	Krym (Крым)	Russian
	Krym (Крим)	Ukrainian
	Qırım	Crimean Tatar
Faroe Islands	Færøerne	Danish
	Føroyar	Faroese
Flanders	Vlaanderen	Dutch
Friesland	Fryslân	Frisian
Galicia	Galiza	Galician
Greenland	Grønland	Danish
	Kalaallit Nunaat	Greenlandic
Hawaii	Hawai‘i	Hawaiian
Kashubia	Kaszuby	Polish
	Kaszëbë	Kashubian
Kurdistan	Kurdistan (کوردستان)	Sorani Kurdish
	Kurdistān (كردستان)	Arabic
		Persian
	Kürdistan	Turkish
	K’urdistan (Քուրդիստան)	Armenian
	Kurdıstan	Zazaki
Lombardy	Lombardia	Italian
Moravia	Morava	Czech
	Mähren	German
Normandy	Normandie	French
	Normaundie	Norman
Northern Ireland	Tuaisceart Éireann	Irish
	Norlin Airlann	Ulster Scots
Occitania	Occitanie	French
	Occitània	Occitan
Piedmont	Piemonte	Italian
	Piemont	Piedmontese
Pomerania	Pomorze	Polish
	Pommern	German
Quebec	Québec	French
Sardinia	Sardegna	Italian
	Sardigna	Sardinian
Scotland	Alba	Scottish Gaelic
Sicily	Sicilia	Italian
		Sicilian
Silesia	Śląsk	Polish
	Slezsko	Czech
	Ślōnsk	Silesian
	Schlesien	German
Tibet	Xīzàng (西藏)	Mandarin
	Böd (བོད)	Tibetan
Wales	Cymru	Welsh
Wallonia	Wallonie	French

Specific countries

Albania

 Albania Shqipëria

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Durazzo	Durrës	Albanian	Dated, Italian name
Tirana	Tiranë	Albanian	Tirana is Albanian for "the Tirana"

Algeria

 Algeria Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Algiers	Al-Jazā'ir (الجَزائر)	Standard Arabic
Constantine	Qusanṭīnah (قسنطينة)
Oran	Wahrān (وَهران)

Name of the country and its capital city in Arabic, Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر), is Arabic for "the islands".^[4]

Armenia

 Armenia Hayastan (Հայաստան)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Ararat Plain	Araratyan dasht (Արարատյան դաշտ)	Armenian
	Iğdır Ovası	Turkish
Yerevan	Erevan (Երևան)	Armenian	Armenian place pronounced like English name

Australia

Most places in Australia have additional names in various indigenous Australian languages.

 Australia

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Ayers Rock	Uluru	Pitjantjatjara	Dated
Rose Hill	Parramatta	Dharug	Archaic
Tasmania	Lutruwita	Nuenonne / Palawa kani

Austria

See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms

 Austria Österreich

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Ammergau Alps	Ammergebirge[5]	German
Bavarian Prealps	Bayerische Voralpen[5]
Brenner Pass	Brennerpass[5]
Carinthia	Kärnten[6][5]
Carpathian Basin	Karpatenbecken[5]
Danube river	Donau[6]
Drava	Drau[5]
Drave			Dated
Lake Constance	Bodensee[6][5]
Northern Limestone Alps	Nördliche Kalkalpen[5]
Southern Limestone Alps	Südliche Kalkalpen[5]
Styria	Steiermark[6][5]
Tyrol	Tirol[5]
Vienna	Wien[6]
Wetterstein	Wettersteingebirge[5]

Azerbaijan

 Azerbaijan Azərbaycan

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Baku	Bakı	Azeri
Barda	Bərdə
Caucasus	Qafqaz
Ganja	Gəncə
Lachin	Laçın
Sumgait	Sumqayıt

Belarus

 Belarus (Беларус)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bielorussia, Byelorussia	Belorussia	Belarusian, Russian	obsolete
White Russia

Belgium

Historically, English borrowed French names for many places in Dutch-speaking areas of Belgium. With a few exceptions this practice is no longer followed by most sources.^[7]

 Belgium België/ Belgique

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Antwerp	Antwerpen	Dutch
Bruges	Brugge		French name
Brussels	Brussel
	Bruxelles	French
Courtrai	Kortrijk	Dutch	Archaic, French name
Filford	Vilvoorde		Archaic
Flanders	Vlaanderen
Gaunt	Gent		Archaic
Ghent
Louvain	Leuven		Archaic, French name
Mechlin	Mechelen		Archaic
Ostend	Oostende
Wallonia	Wallonie	French
Ypres	Ieper	Dutch	French name

Bosnia & Herzegovina

 Bosnia & Herzegovina Bosna & Hercegovina (Босна & Херцеговина)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bosnia	Bosna (Босна)	Bosnian
Herzegovina	Hercegovina (Херцеговина)		German spelling, English name pronounced the same
Narenta	Neretva (Неретва)		Italian name, sometimes used in English

Bulgaria

 Bulgaria Balgariya (България)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Balkan Mountains	Stara Planina (Стара Планина)	Bulgarian
Danube river	Dunav (Дунав)
Philippopolis	Plovdiv (Пловдив)		Archaic
Rhodope Mountains	Rodopi (Родопи)
Sofia	Sofiya (София)
Southern Dobruja	Dobrudzha (Добруджа)		Bulgarian half of former Dobruja region
Thrace	Trakiya (Тракия)

Canada

Numerous places in the predominantly French speaking province of Quebec have historically had English exonyms; in most cases, the exonym was a straight translation of the place's French name, with only one major city^[which?] which ever had an English exonym that was entirely different from its original French name. With a few exceptions, such as Quebec City, these are no longer widely used. Exonyms are also commonly seen with regard to First Nations and Inuit peoples and communities; although government and media sources have evolved in recent years toward using these places' native endonyms, common usage may still favour the older exonyms.

 Canada

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Arctic Red River	Tsiigehtchic	Gwich'in	Archaic
Big Trout Lake	Kitchenuhmaykoosib	Oji-Cree
Cambridge Bay	Iqaluktuuttiaq	Inuinnaqtun
Chesterfield Inlet	Igluligaarjuk (ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒑᕐᔪᒃ)	Inuktitut
Fort Franklin	Délįnę	Sahtu	Archaic
Fort Hope	Eabametoong	Ojibwe
Fort Norman	Tulita	Sahtu	Archaic
Fraserville	Rivière-du-Loup	French
Frobisher Bay	Iqaluit (ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ)	Inuktitut
Gjoa Haven	Uqsuqtuuq (ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᖅ)
Holman	Ulukhaktok	Inuinnaqtun	Archaic
Harrington Lake	Lac Mousseau	French
Iroquois River	Rivière Richelieu		Archaic
Island of Orleans	Île d'Orléans
Lansdowne House	Neskantaga	Oji-Cree
Mount Royal	Mont-Royal	French
Quebec City	Québec
Queen Charlotte Island	Haida Gwaii	Haida	Archaic
Rankin Inlet	Kangiqliniq (ᑲᖏᕿᓂᖅ)	Inuktitut
Saint Andrew	Saint-André-d'Argenteuil	French	Archaic
Saint John	Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
Summer Beaver	Nibinamik (ᓃᐱᓇᒥᐦᐠ)	Ojibwe
The River Ouse	La Rivière Grand	French	Archaic
	Kenhionhata:tie	Mohawk
Three Rivers	Trois-Rivières	French	Archaic
Two Mountains	Deux-Montagnes
Whale Cove	Tikiraqjuaq (ᑎᑭᕋᕐᔪᐊᖅ)	Inuktitut

Cambodia

During the Khmer Rogue period (1975–1979), the country was known in English as Democratic Kampuchea, closer to the endonym than its modern English exonym. The English exonym of Cambodia is based on the French exonym, Cambodge. The endonym is sometimes used in English, but the exonym is far more common.

 Cambodia Kampuchea (កម្ពុជា)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Mekong River	Tonle Mekongk (ទន្លេមេគង្គ)	Khmer
Phnom Penh	Phnum Pénh (ភ្នំពេញគ)
Sihanoukville	Krong Preah Sihanouk (ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ)
	Kampong Som (កំពង់សោម)

Central African Republic

 Central African Republic Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka / République centrafricaine

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bangi	Bangî	Sango	Bangi is occasionally used in English
	Bangui	French

Chile

 Chile

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Easter Island	Isla de Pascua	Spanish
	Rapa Nui	Rapa Nui
Fireland[8]	Tierra del Fuego	Spanish	Obsolete

China

Some of the apparent "exonyms" for China are the result of change in romanization of Chinese to modern pinyin, for example "Tientsin" to "Tianjin". Other apparent exonyms are the result of the English name being based on one of the other varieties of Chinese besides Mandarin. Additionally, certain names which may now be considered exonyms actually preserve older Mandarin pronunciations which have changed in the intervening centuries.^[9][10] For all areas in mainland China, names written in Chinese are written in simplified characters. For all areas in the special administrative regions (SARs), the names will be written in traditional characters.

See also: Pinyin and Chinese postal romanization

 China Zhōngguó (中国)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Amoy	Amoy	Min Nan[11]	Archaic
	Xiàmén (厦门)	Mandarin
	Ē-mn̂g	Amoy
	Ē-mûi
Canton	Guǎngzhōu (广州)	Mandarin	Archaic
	Gwong2 Zau1	Cantonese
Changbai Mountain	Chángbáishān (长白山)	Mandarin
	Paektusan (백두산)	Korean
Chengchow	Zhèngzhōu (郑州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Chengtu	Chéngdū (成都)
Chungking	Chóngqìng (重庆)
Foochow	Fúzhōu (福州)
Forbidden City	Gùgōng (故宫), Zǐjìnchéng (紫禁城)		Means "Ancient Palace" and "Purple Forbidden City" respectively
Fukien	Fújiàn (福建)		Archaic, change in romanization
Gobi Desert	Gēbì Shāmò (戈壁沙漠)
	Govi (ᠭᠣᠪᠢ)	Mongolian
Hangchow	Hángzhōu (杭州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Heilungkiang	Hēilóngjiāng (黑龙江)
	Khejluntszyan (Хэйлунцзян)	Russian
Hohhot	Kökeqota (ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ)	Mongolian
	Hūhéhàotè (呼和浩特) / Hūshì (呼市)	Mandarin
Hokkien	Fújiàn (福建)	Hokkien	Archaic, but survives in English name of the language
Hong Kong	Hoeng1 Gong2 (香港)	Cantonese
	Xiānggǎng	Mandarin
Inner Mongolia	Öbür mongɣul (ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ)	Mongolian
	Nèi Měnggǔ (内蒙古)	Mandarin
Kalgan	Kalgan(ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ)	Mongolian
	Zhāngjiākǒu (张家口) / Kālāgàn (喀拉干)	Mandarin	Archaic
Kwangchow	Gwong2 Zau1	Cantonese
	Guǎngzhōu (广州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Kweilin	Gveilinz	Zhuang
	Guìlín (桂林)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Lop Nor/Lop Nur	Luóbùpō (罗布泊)
	Lob Nughur (ᠯᠣᠪ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ)	Mongolian script
	Lop Nur (لوپنۇر)	Uyghur
Macau	Ou3 mun2 (澳門)	Cantonese
	Àomén (澳门)	Mandarin
Mekong River	Méigōnghé (湄公河)
Mount Everest	Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng (珠穆朗玛峰)
	Chomolungma (ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ)	Tibetan
Mukden	Mukden	Manchu[12]	Archaic
	Shěnyáng (沈阳)	Mandarin
Nanking	Nánjīng (南京)		Archaic, change in romanization
Paotou	Bāotóu (包头)		Obsolete English spelling
	Buɣutu qota (ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ)	Mongolian
Peking	Běijīng (北京)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Port Arthur	Dàlián (大连)		Archaic
Santow	Shàntóu (汕头)
Shaanxi	Shǎnxī (陕西)		Name spelled using Guoyeu Romatzyh romanization, as the name would be the same as Shanxi using pinyin without tones.
Sian	Xī'ān (西安)		Archaic, change in romanization
Sinkiang	Xīnjiāng (新疆)
Soochow	Sūzhōu (苏州)
Swatow	Shàntóu (汕头)
	Suan1tao5 (汕头)	Teochew	English orthography close to Teochew pronunciation (Teochew 'n' sound is nasal)
Szechuan	Sìchuān (四川)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Tibet	Bod (བོད)	Tibetan
	Xīzàng (西藏)	Mandarin
Tsingtao	Qīngdǎo (青岛)		Archaic, change in romanization
Yangtze River	Cháng jiāng (長江／长江)		Based on the archaic name Yángzǐ Jiāng (揚子江／扬子江)
Yellow River	Huáng Hé (黃河)
Yenchi	Yánjí (延吉)		Archaic, change in romanization
	Yenji (옌지), Yŏn'gil (연길)	Korean
Yenki
	Yánjí (延吉)	Mandarin

Croatia

 Croatia Hrvatska

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Danube	Dunav	Croatian
Dalmatia	Dalmacija
Istria	Istra
Ragusa	Dubrovnik		Historical exonym
Zara	Zadar

Cuba

 Cuba

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bay of Pigs	Bahía de Cochinos	Spanish	Cochino is one of several Spanish words used to define "pig"
Havana	(La) Habana

Cyprus

 Cyprus Kýpros/ Kıbrıs

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Place	Language
Famagusta	Ammokhóstos (Αμμόχωστος)	Greek
	Gazimaǧusa	Turkish
Kyrenia	Girne
	Kerýneia (Κερύνεια)	Greek
Limassol	Lemesós (Λεμεσός)
	Limasol	Turkish
Nicosia	Lefkoşa
	Lefkosía (Λευκωσία)	Greek

Czech Republic

Historically, English-language sources used German names for many places in what is now the Czech Republic. With some exceptions (such as the Elbe and Oder rivers, both of which flow into Germany) this is no longer done by most sources.^[13]

 Czech Republic Česká republika

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Beskids	Beskydy	Czech
Bohemia	Čechy		Latin name
Bohemian Forest	Šumava
Bohemian Karst	Český kras
Bohemian Paradise	Český ráj
Bohemian Switzerland	České Švýcarsko
Budweis	České Budějovice		Archaic, German name
Carlsbad	Karlovy Vary
Elbe river	Labe		German name
Fichtel Mountains	Smrčiny
Franzensbad	Františkovy Lázně		Archaic, German name
Giant Mountains	Krkonoše
Hanakia	Haná		Archaic
Lachia	Lašsko
Marienbad	Mariánské Lázně		Archaic, German name
Moravia	Morava		Latin name
Moravian Slovakia	Slovácko
Moravian Wallachia	Valašsko
Oder river	Odra		German name
Ore Mountains	Krušné hory
Pilsen	Plzeň		Archaic, German name
Prague	Praha		French name
Silesia	Slezsko
	Ślōnsk	Silesian
Sudetes, Sudeten, Sudeten Mountains	Krkonošsko-jesenická subprovincie, Sudety	Czech
Sudetenland	Sudety
Upper Palatine Forest	Český les

Denmark

 Denmark Danmark

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Copenhagen	København	Danish
Elsinore	Helsingør		Dated
Funen	Fyn
Jutland	Jylland
Sleswick	Schleswig	Low German
	Slesvig	Danish
The Scaw	Skagen		Dated
Zealand	Sjælland

Faroe Islands

 Faroe Islands Føroyar

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Thor's Haven	Tórshavn	Danish	Dated

Greenland

Several places were known under Danish names, or a variant of them. Now only the local Greenlandic is used.

 Greenland Kalaallit Nunaat

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Frederikdshab	Paamiut	Greenlandic	Obsolete
Godthab	Nuuk
Jacobshaven	Ilulissat
Sondre Stromfjord	Kangerlussuaq
Sondrestrom
Thule	Qaanaaq

Egypt

 Egypt Miṣr (مصر)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Alexandria	Al-Iskandariyya (الإسكندرية)	Egyptian Arabic
	Alexandria (ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ)	Coptic
	Eskendereyya (اسكندرية)	Egyptian Arabic
	Rakote (ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ )	Coptic
Cairo	Al-Qāhirah (القاهرة)	Standard Arabic
	Maṣr (مَصر)	Egyptian Arabic
Giza	Al-Jīzah (الجيزة)	Standard Arabic
	El-Gīzeh (الجيزة)	Egyptian Arabic
Luxor	Al-Uqṣur (الاقصر)	Standard Arabic
	Babe (ⲡⲁⲡⲉ)	Coptic
	Loqṣor (الأقصر)	Egyptian Arabic
Memphis	Manf (مَنْف)	Standard Arabic
	Memfi (ⲙⲉⲙϥⲓ)	Coptic
Nile	An-Nīl (النيل)	Standard Arabic
	En-Nīl (النيل)	Egyptian Arabic
	Nilus	Latin
Port Said	Bur Sa'īd (بور سعيد)	Standard Arabic
	Bor Sa'īd (بور سعيد)	Egyptian Arabic
Suez	As-Suways (السويس)	Standard Arabic

The English name of Egypt derives from the French name, Egypte, which is derived from the Greek name, Aigyptos (Αίγυπτος).^[14]

Estonia

 Estonia Eesti

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Lake Peipus	Peipsi järv	Estonian
Reval	Tallinn		Obsolete

Finland

 Finland Suomi

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Karelia[15]	Karjala	Finnish	From Latin
Lapland[15]	Lappi		From Swedish Lappland
Ostrobothnia[15]	Pohjanmaa		From Latin, compare Swedish Österbotten
Savonia	Savo		From Latin
Tavastia[15]	Häme

France

 France

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bay of Biscay	Golfe de Gascogne	French
Bethwyn	Béthune		Archaic
Brittany	Breizh	Breton
	Bretagne	French
Burgundy	Bourgogne
Camerick	Cambrai		Obsolete
Corsica	Corse
	Corsica	Corsican
Cressy	Crécy-en-Ponthieu	French
Dauphiny	Dalfinat	Occitan
	Darfenât	Arpitan
	Dauphiné	French	Archaic
Dunkirk	Dunkerque
English Channel	La Manche
Flanders	Flandre
French Riviera	Côte d'Azur
Gascony	Gascogne
	Gasconha	Gascon
Lyons	Liyon	Arpitan
	Lyon	French	Archaic
Marseilles	Marseille
	Marselha	Occitan
Normandy	Normandie	French
	Normaundie	Norman
Picardy	Picardie	French
Rheims	Reims		Archaic
Rhine River	Rhin
Rone	Rouen		Obsolete
Savoy	Savoie
	Savouè	Arpitan
Ushant	Eusa	Breton
	Ouessant	French

Georgia

 Georgia Sakartvelo (საქართველო)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Caucasus	Kavkasioni (კავკასიონი)	Georgian
Tiflis	Tbilisi (თბილისი)		Obsolete

Germany

See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms and Names of Germany

This list does not include German place names with ß written with "ss" or umlauts being removed in some writing.

 Germany Deutschland

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name[5][6]	Language
Aix-la-Chapelle	Aachen	Standard German	Archaic
	Oche	Ripuarian
Baltic Sea	Ostsee	Standard German
Bavaria	Bayern
Bay of Lübeck	Lübecker Bucht		German name means "Lübeck Bight"
Bay of Mecklenburg	Mecklenburger Bucht		German name means "Mecklenburg Bight"
Bay of Meldorf	Meldorfer Bucht		German name means "Meldorf Bight"
Bay of Pomerania	Pommersche Bucht		German name means "Pomeranian Bight"
Bay of Wismar	Wismarer Bucht		German name means "Wismar Bight"
Black Forest	Schwarzwald
Brunswick	Braunschweig		Archaic
	Brunswiek	Low Saxon
Cleves	Kleve	Standard German	Archaic
Coblence	Koblenz
Coblenz			Dated
Cologne	Kölle	Ripuarian
	Köln	Standard German
Constance	Konstanz		Dated
Danube river	Donau
Eastphalia	Oostfalen	Low Saxon
	Ostfalen	Standard German
Egge Hills	Eggegebirge		German name means "Egge Mountains"
Franconia	Franken
	Frankn	Austro-Bavarian
Franconian Jura	Frankenalb	Standard German	Frankenjura also used in German
Frankfort	Frangford (am Maa)	Hessian	Archaic
	Frankfurt (am Main)	Standard German
Hamelin	Hameln
Hanover	Hannober	Low Saxon
	Hannover	Standard German
Haßberge Hills	Haßberge
Heligoland	deät Lun	Heligolandic North Frisian
	Hälilönj	Bökingharde North Frisian
	Helgoland	Standard German
Hesse	Hessen
Hessia
Hither Pomerania	Vorpommern
Hohwacht Bay	Hohwachter Bucht
Jade Bight	Jadebusen
Kaufungen Forest	Kaufunger Wald
Kiel Canal	Nordostseekanal
Knüll	Knüllgebirge		German name also used in English
Lake Constance	Bodensee
Lower Bavarian Upland	Niederbayerisches Hügelland
Lusatia	Lausitz
	Łužica	Upper Sorbian
	Łužyca	Lower Sorbian
Malborow	Marburg	Standard German	Archaic
Mayence	Mainz
Mentz			Archaic, British English
Moselle river	Mosel
	Musel	Moselle Franconian
Munich	Minga	Austro-Bavarian
	München	Standard German
Nuremberg	Narrnberch	East Franconian
	Nürnberg	Standard German
Ore Mountains	Erzgebirge
Palatinate	Palz
	Pfalz
Pomerania	Pommern
Prussia	Preußen
Ratisbon	Regensburg		Archaic
	Rengschburch	Austro-Bavarian
Rhenish Massif	Rheinisches Schiefergebirge	Standard German
Rhine river	Rhein
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha	Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha		English now uses translation Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Saxony	Sachsen
	Sassen	Low Saxon
Swabia	Schwaben	Standard German
Szczecin Lagoon	Stettiner Haff
Thuringia	Thüringen
	Tréier	Moselle Franconian
Treves	Trier	Standard German	Archaic, French name
Western Pomerania	Vorpommern
Westphalia	Westfalen	Low Saxon
		Standard German

Greece

The exonym for Greece in English comes from Magna Graecia, which was a historical region in Italy colonized by the Greeks. The endonym Ellás comes from Helen of Troy, the legendary Greek figure whose abduction caused the Greek city-states to unite and fight against Troy during the Trojan War.

 Greece Elládha/ Ellás (Ελλάδα/ Ἑλλάς)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Attica	Attikí (Αττική)	Greek
Athens	Athína (Αθήνα)
Boetia	Voiotía (Βοιωτία)
Corfu	Kérkyra (Κέρκυρα)
Corinth	Kórinthos (Κόρινθος)
Crete	Kríti (Κρήτη)
Cyclades	Kykládhes (Κυκλάδες)
Dodecanese	Dhodhekánisa (Δωδεκάνησα)
Epirus	Ipeiros (Ήπειρος)
Euboea	Evvoia (Εύβοια)
Heraklion	Irákleio (Ηράκλειο)
Icaria	Ikaría (Ικαρία)
Ithaca	Itháki (Ιθάκη)
Lepanto	Náfpaktos (Νάυπακτος)		Archaic
Macedonia	Makedonía (Μακεδονία)
Mediterranean Sea	Mesógeios thálassa (Μεσόγειος θάλασσα)
Missolonghi	Mesológi (Μεσολόγγι)
Naupactus	Náfpaktos (Νάυπακτος)		Greek name also used in English
Navarino	Pýlos (Πύλος)		Archaic
Patras	Pátra (Πάτρα)
Peloponnese	Pelopónnisos (Πελοπόννησος)
Philippi	Fílippoi (Φίλιπποι)
Piraeus	Peiraiás (Πειραιάς)
Rhodes	Ródhos (Ρόδος)
Rhodope Mountains	Rodhópi (Ροδόπη)
Salonica	Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)		Archaic
Samothrace	Samothráki (Σαμοθράκη)
Sparta	Spárti (Σπάρτη)
Thebes	Thíva (Θήβα)
Thessalonica	Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)		Greek name also used in English
Thessaly	Thessalía (Θεσσαλία)
Thrace	Thráki (Θράκη)
Zante	Zákynthos (Ζάκυνθος)		Archaic

Haiti

 Haiti Haïti / Ayiti

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Labadee	Labadie	French

Hungary

 Hungary Magyarország

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Budapest	Budapest	Hungarian
Carpathian Mountains	Kárpátok
Comorn	Komárom		Dated
Danube River	Duna
Pesth	Pest		Archaic

Iceland

 Iceland Ísland

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Blue Lagoon	Bláa lónið	Icelandic
Westman Islands	Vestmannaeyjar		Dated, translation

India

See also: List of renamed Indian public places

 India Bhārat (भारत)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Allahabad	Prayagraj (प्रयागराज)	Hindi	Officially amended to Prayagraj but still in use in popular culture.
Allepey	Alappuzha (ആലപ്പുഴ)	Malayalam	Dated
Bangalore	Bengaluru (ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು)	Kannada
Benares	Varanasi (वाराणसी)	Hindi	Dated
Bombay	Mumbai (मुंबई)	Marathi
Calcutta	Kolkata (কলকাতা)	Bengali
Cawnpore	Kanpur (कानपुर)	Hindi	Obsolete
Cochin	Kochi (കൊച്ചി)	Malayalam
Delhi	Dilli (दिल्ली)	Hindi
Ganges River	Ganga (गंगा)
Indus River	Sindhū (सिन्धु)	Sanskrit
Jaypore	Jaipur (जयपुर)	Hindi	Obsolete
Laccadive Islands	Lakshadweep (ലക്ഷദ്വീപ്)	Malayalam
Madras	Chennai (சென்னை)	Tamil	Dated
Palghat	Palakkad (പാലക്കാട്)	Malayalam	Obsolete
Pondicherry	Puducherry (புதுச்சேரி)	Tamil	Dated
Poona	Pune (पुणे)	Marathi
Simla	Shimla (शिमला)	Hindi	Obsolete
Trivandrum	Thiruvananthapuram (തിരുവനന്തപുരം)	Malayalam

Indonesia

 Indonesia

English name	Endonym		Note
	Name	Language
Bencoolen	Bengkulu	Indonesian	Historical
Billiton	Belitung		Obsolete
Borneo	Kalimantan		These exonyms are also unofficially used in Indonesia.
Celebes	Sulawesi
Ceram	Seram
Java	Jawa
Lesser Sunda Islands (Nusa Tenggara Islands)	Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara
	Kepulauan Sunda Kecil		Historical
Moluccas	Kepulauan Maluku
New Guinea (Papua)	Papua
	Irian Jaya		Historical
	Nugini		Fossil word, only in compounds.
Savu	Sawu		One of few alternative names for the island. Sabu is officially only used for Sabu Raijua Regency.
	Sabu
Thousand Islands	Kepulauan Seribu

Iran

 Iran Irān (اݐران)

English name	Endonym		Note
	Name	Language
Bushire	Bushehr (بوشهر)	Persian	Obsolete
Caspian Sea	Darya-ye Khazar (Khazar Sea)
Isfahan	Ešfahān (اصفهان)
Meshed	Mashhad (مشهد)		Obsolete
Teheran	Tehran (تهران)		Obsolete

Iraq

 Iraq Al-Irāq (العراق)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Ctesiphon	Ṭaysafūn (طيسفون) or Qaṭaysfūn (قطيسفون)	Standard Arabic
Duhok	Dahūk (دهوك)
	Dihok (دهۆک)	Kurdish
	Beth Nohadra (ܒܝܬ ܢܘܗܕܪܐ)	Syriac
Euphrates River	Al-Furāt (الفرات)	Standard Arabic
	Firat	Kurdish
	Pǝrāth (ܦܪܬ)	Syriac
Mosul	Al-Mawṣil (الموصل)	Standard Arabic
	Māwṣil (ܡܘܨܠ)	Syriac
	Mosil (مووسڵ)	Kurdish
Tigris River	Deqlath (ܕܹܩܠܵܬ)	Syriac
	Dîcle (دیجلە)	Kurdish
	Dijla (دجله)	Standard Arabic

Ireland

Main article: Place names in Ireland

The vast majority of placenames in Ireland are anglicisations, or phonetic renderings, of Irish language names. The exceptions to this are listed here:

 Ireland Éire

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Arklow	an tInbhear Mór	Irish
Carlingford	Cairlinn
Connaught	Connacht		Dated
Dalkey	Deilginis
Dursey	Baoi Bhéarra, Oileán Baoi
Dublin	Baile Átha Cliath
Fastnet	Carraig Aonair
Haulbowline	Inis Sionnach
Howth	Binn Éadair
Killarney	Cill Airne
Lambay	Reachrainn
Leinster	Laighin
Leixlip	Léim an Bhrádain
Meath	Mí
Munster	Mumhan
Oxmantown	Baile Lochlannach
Saltee	Na Sailtí
Selskar	Seilsceir
Skerries	Na Sceirí
Strangford	Loch Cuan
Ulster	Ulaidh
Waterford	Port Láirge
Wexford	Loch Garman
Wicklow	Cill Mhantáin

Israel

The below listing is only a summary. Modern Israeli transcription systems (romanization of Hebrew) vary from the spellings of many hundreds of place names of Ancient Israel adopted by Bible translations - both Christian, such as the King James Version (1611) and also Jewish versions such as the JPS (1917).^[16]

 Israel Yisrael (ישראל)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Acre	Ako (עכו)	Modern Hebrew	Greek name
Beersheba	Beer Sheva' (באר שבע)
Capernaum	Kfar Nachum (כפר נחום)		Latin name
Dead Sea	Āl-Baḥrū l-Maytū (اَلْبَحْرُ الْمَيْتُ)	Standard Arabic
	Yam hamMelaḥ (ים המלח)	Modern Hebrew
Galilee	haGalil (הגליל)
Jaffa	Yafo (יפו)
Joppa			Greek name, dated
Jordan River	Nahr al-Urdun (نهر الأردن)	Standard Arabic
	Nahar haYarden (נהר הירדן)	Modern Hebrew
Jerusalem	Ūršalīm (أُورُشَلِيمَ)	Standard Arabic
	Yerushalayim (ירושלים)	Modern Hebrew	Latin name
Nazareth	Natzrat (נצרת)		Greek name
Sea of Galilee	Imat Tbria (بحيرة طبريا)	Standard Arabic
	Yamat haKineret (ימת הכינרת)	Modern Hebrew
Safed	Tzfat (צפת)		Arabic name
Tiberias	Tverya (טבריה)		Greek name

Italy

 Italy Italia

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Apulia	Puglia	Standard Italian
	Pùglia	Neapolitan
Aventine Hill	Aventino	Standard Italian
Caelian Hill	Celio
Capitoline Hill	Campidoglio
Florence	Firenze		French name
Genoa	Genova
	Zêna	Ligurian
Herculaneum	Ercolano	Standard Italian	English uses different names for the ancient and modern places
Janiculum	Gianicolo		Latin name
Latium	Lazio		English uses different names for the ancient and modern places
Leghorn	Livorno		Obsolete
Lombardy	Lombardéa	Lombard	French name
	Lombardia	Standard Italian
Mantua	Mantua	Lombard
	Mantova	Standard Italian
Milan	Milan	Lombard
	Milano	Standard Italian
Montferrat	Monferrato		French name
	Monfrà	Piedmontese
Naples	Napoli	Standard Italian
	Napule	Neapolitan
Padua	Padova	Standard Italian
	Pàdova	Venetian
Piedmont	Piemont	Piedmontese
	Piemonte	Standard Italian
Phlegraean Fields	Campi Flegrei
Pompeii	Pompei		Latin name
Pontine Marshes	Agro Pontino
Rome	Roma		French name
Rubicon River	Rubicone
Sardinia	Sardegna
Sicily	Sicilia
		Sicilian
Sienna	Siena	Standard Italian	Obsolete
Syracuse	Sarasusa	Sicilian
	Siracusa	Standard Italian
The Marches	Marche		Obsolete
Tiber	Tevere		Latin name
Tuscany	Toscana
Turin	Torino
	Turin	Piedmontese
Trent	Trento	Standard Italian	Dated
	Trent	Ladin and Lombard
Tyrol	Tirolo	Standard Italian
Venice	Venesia	Venetian	French name
	Venezia	Standard Italian
Vesuvius	Vesuvio	Neapolitan	Latin name
		Standard Italian

Many English exonyms were derived from the French variations, such as Rome and Venice.

Japan

 Japan Nihon, Nippon (日本)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bonin Islands	Ogasawara Guntou (小笠原群島)	Japanese
Iwo Jima	Iou-tou (硫黄島)		Alternative reading of endonym
Liancourt Rocks	Takeshima (竹島)
Ryūkyū Islands	Nansei-shotou (南西諸島)
Volcano Islands	Kazan Rettou (火山列島)

The English name for Japan derives from the Portuguese name for the country, Japão, which was based on a Chinese transcription of Japan's endonym, Nippon or Nihon (日本).^[17]

Laos

 Laos Lāo (ລາວ)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Louangphabang	Luang Prabang (ຫລວງພະບາງ)	Lao	Also spelled Luangphabang
Mekong River	Maenam Khong (ແມ່ນ້ຳຂອງ)
Savannakhet	Kaysone Phomvihane (ໄກສອນ ພົມວິຫານ)
Viangchan[18]	Wīang chan (ວຽງຈັນ)
Vientiane			from French
Wiangchan[19]

An older variant of the country's name in English uses the definite article, the Laos, which is now obsolete.

Latvia

 Latvia Latvija

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Courland	Kurzeme	Latvian
Lettgallia	Latgale		Dated
Semigallia	Zemgale

Lebanon

 Lebanon Lubnān (لبنان)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Sidon	Ṣaydā (صيدا)	Standard Arabic
Tyre	Ṣūr (صور)
Tripoli	Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)

Libya

 Libya Libiyā (ليبيا)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Cyrenaica	Barqah (برقة)	Standard Arabic
Fezzan	Fezzan (ⴼⵣⵣⴰⵏ)	Berber
	Fizzān (فزان)	Standard Arabic
Misrata	Miṣrātah (مصراتة)
Sirte	Sirt (سرت)
Tripoli	Ṭrables	Berber
	Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)	Standard Arabic
	Ṭrābləs (طرابلس)	Maghrebi Arabic
Tripolitania	Ṭrables	Berber
	Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)	Standard Arabic
	Ṭrābləs (طرابلس)	Maghrebi Arabic

Lithuania

 Lithuania Lietuva

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Neman river	Nemunas	Lithuanian
Nieman river			Dated
Samogitia	Žemaitija
Sudovia	Sudūva
Yotvingia	Dainava
Vilna or Wilna	Vilnius		Obsolete

Malaysia

 Malaysia

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Malacca	Melaka	Malay
Penang Island	Pulau Pinang
Johore	Johor

Mexico

 Mexico México

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Kino Bay	Hermosillo	Spanish
Rocky Point	Puerto Peñasco		Dated

Moldova

 Moldova

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Kishinev	Chișinău	Romanian	Obsolete

Mongolia

 Mongolia Mongγol Ulus (Монгол Улc/ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Gobi Desert	Govi (Говь/ ᠭᠣᠪᠢ)	Mongolian
Ulan Bator	Ulaanbaatar (Улаанбаатар/ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ)		Obsolete

Morocco

 Morocco Al-Magrib (المغرب)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Casablanca	Ad-Dār Al-Bayḍā' (الدار البيضاء)	Standard Arabic
	Kaza (كازا)[20]	Moroccan Arabic	Informal name for the city
	Anfa (ⴰⵏⴼⴰ)	Berber
Fez	Fās (ⴼⴰⵙ)
	Fās (فاس)	Standard Arabic
Marrakesh	Murrākush (مراكش)
Tangier	Ṭanja (ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ)	Berber
	Ṭanjah (طنجة)	Standard Arabic

The English name for the country derives from the city name Marrakesh.^[21] The Arabic name for the country, al-Magrib (المغرب), is Arabic for "the west".

Myanmar

 Myanmar Myanma (မြန်မာ)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Mekong River	Megaung Myit (မဲခေါင်မြစ်)	Burmese
Naypyidaw	Nay Pyi Taw (နေပြည်တော်)
Pagan	Bagan (ပုဂံ)		Dated
Rangoon	Yangon (ရန်ကုန်မြို့)
Ummerapoora	Amarapura (အမရပူရ)

Nepal

   Nepal Nepāl (नेपाल)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Mount Everest	Sagarmatha (सगरमाथा)	Nepali

Netherlands

 Netherlands Nederland

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Brill	Brielle	Dutch	Obsolete
Dort	Dordrecht
Flushing	Vlissingen
Guelders	Gelderland		Dated
Hook of Holland	Hoek van Holland
Leyden	Leiden		Dated
Meuse river	Maas		French name
Rhine river	Rijn
Ryswick	Rijswijk		Obsolete
The Hague	Den Haag

Norway

 Norway Noreg, Norge

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bear Island	Bjørnøya	Norwegian	Translation
North Cape	Davvenjárgga	Northern Sami
	Nordkapp	Norwegian
Slagen Valley	Slagndarn	Tunsbergian
	Slagendalen	Norwegian
The Southland	Sørlandet

North Korea

The inhabitants of North Korea prefer the official name of the country, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK),^[22] Chosŏn, or simply Korea.

 North Korea Chosŏn (조선)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Diamond Mountain	Kŭmgang-san (금강산)	Korean	English now uses rough transliteration Mount Kumgang
Paektu Mountain	Paektu-san (백두산)
Tumen River	Tuman-gang (두만강)		Mandarin name, as the river borders China
Yalu River	Amnok-kang (압록강)

Palestine

 Palestine Filasṭīn (فلسطين)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bethany	Al-'Eizariya (العيزرية)	Standard Arabic
Bethlehem	Beyt Laḥm (بيت لحم)	Levantine Arabic
	Bayta Laḥm (بيت لحم)	Standard Arabic
Dead Sea	al-Baḥr al-Mayt (اَلْبَحْر الْمَيْت)	Levantine Arabic
Gaza City	Ghazzah (غَزَّة)	Standard Arabic
Hebron	Al-Khalīl (الخليل)
Jericho	Arīḥā (أريحا)
Jerusalem	Al-Quds (القُدس)		Latin name
Jordan River	Nahr al-Urdun (نهر الأردن)

Philippines

 Philippines Pilipinas

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Caloocan	Kalookan	Tagalog
Cebu	Sugbo	Cebuano
Davao	Dabaw
Manila	Maynila	Tagalog

Poland

 Poland Polska

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Auschwitz	Oświęcim	Polish	Dated, German name
Breslau	Wrocław
Carpathian Mountains	Karpaty
Cracow	Kraków
Danzig	Gdańsk		Dated, German name
Galicia	Galicja
Giant Mountains	Karkonosze
Kashubia	Kaszëbë	Kashubian
	Kaszuby	Polish
Kuyavia	Kujawy
Mazovia	Mazowsze
Mazuria	Mazury
Oder river	Odra
Pomerania	Pomorze
Subcarpathia	Podkarpacie
Sudetes, Sudeten, Sudeten Mountains	Sudety
Silesia	Śląsk
	Ślōnsk	Silesian
Vistula river	Wisła	Polish
Warsaw	Warszawa

Portugal

 Portugal

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Azores	Açores	Portuguese	Spanish name
Braganza	Bragança		Dated, Spanish name
Lisbon	Lisboa
Oporto	Porto		Obsolete
Tagus river	Tejo		Latin name

Romania

 Romania România

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bucharest	București	Romanian
Carpathian Mountains	Carpați
Danube River	Dunărea
Jassy	Iași[23]		Obsolete
Northern Dobruja	Dobrogea, Dobrogea de Nord		Romanian part of the region of Dobruja
Transylvania	Transilvania
Wallachia	Țara Românească, Valahia

Russia

 Russia Rossiya (Россия)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Archangel	Arkhangelsk (Архангельск)	Russian	Dated
Black Sea	Chernoye (Черное)
Caucasus	Kavkaz (Кавказ)
Caspian Sea	Kaspiyskoye more (Каспийское море)
Grozny	Sölƶa-Ġala (Соьлжа-ГӀала)	Chechen
	Groznyy (Грозный)	Russian
Moscow	Moskva (Москва)
Orel	Oryol (Орёл)		Obsolete
Pacific Ocean	Tikhiy okean (Тихий океан)
Plescow	Pskov (Псков)		Obsolete
Saint Petersburg	Sankt-Peterburg (Санкт-Петербург)
Siberia	Sibir' (Сибирь)

Saudi Arabia

 Saudi Arabia As-Sa'ūdīyah (السعودية)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Arabian Sea	Al-Baḥr al-'Arabī (البحر العربي)	Standard Arabic
Empty Quarter	Rub' al Khali (ٱلرُّبْع ٱلْخَالِي)
Gulf of Aden	Khalīj ʻAdan (خليج عدن)
Jeddah	Jiddah (جِدَّة)
Mecca	Makkah (مکة)
Medina	Al-Madīnah (المدينة)
Persian Gulf	Khalij-e fârs (خلیج فارس)	Farsi
	Al-Khalīj al-'Arabī (اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ)	Standard Arabic
Red Sea	Al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar (البحر الأحمر)
Riyadh	Er-Riyāḍ (الرياض)	Najdi Arabic
	Ar-Riyāḍ (الرياض)	Standard Arabic

Serbia

 Serbia Srbija (Србија)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Balkan Mountains	Stara Planina (Стара Планина)	Serbian
Belgrade	Beograd (Београд)		French name
Danube river	Dunav (Дунав)

Slovakia

 Slovakia Slovensko

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Carpathian Mountains	Karpaty	Slovak
Cassovia	Košice		Latin name
Danube river	Dunaj
Gerlach Peak	Gerlachovský štít
Maple Mountains	Javorníky
Slovak Ore Mountains	Slovenské rudohorie

Slovenia

 Slovenia Slovenija

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Carinthia	Koroška	Slovene
Inner Carniola	Notranjska
Karawanks	Karavanke
Karst	Kras
Lower Carniola	Dolenjska
Slovene Littoral	Primorska
Styria	Štajerska
Upper Carniola	Gorenjska

Somalia

 Somalia Soomaaliya

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Baidoa	Baydhabo	Somali
Chisimaio	Kismaayo		Obsolete
Mogadishu	Muqdisho
Villabruzzi	Jowhaar		Dated

South Africa

Many South African towns have multiple names due to the number of languages. Additionally, some places have been renamed from English and Afrikaans.

 South Africa

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Aliwal North	Maletswai	Sotho
Cape Town	ǁHui!gaeb	Khoekhoe
	Kaapstad	Afrikaans
	iKapa	Xhosa
Fish Hoek	Vishoek	Afrikaans
Grahamstown	Grahamstad		Dated in Afrikaans and English
	iRhini	Xhosa
Makhanda
Queenstown	Komani	Sotho
Simon's Town	Simonstad	Afrikaans

South Korea

 South Korea Hanguk (한국)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Liancourt Rocks	Dokdo (독도)	Korean
Port Hamilton	Geomundo (거문도)
Pusan	Busan (부산시)		Dated
Quelpart	Jeju (제주도)		Obsolete

Spain

English uses Spanish-language exonyms for some places in non-Spanish speaking regions of Spain.

 Spain España

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Andalusia	Andalucía	Spanish
Basque Country	País Vasco
	Euskadi	Basque
Biscay	Bizkaia
	Vizcaya	Spanish
Castile	Castilla
Catalonia	Catalunya	Catalan	Latin name
Corunna	A Coruña	Galician	Obsolete
Douro	Duero	Spanish	Portuguese name
Majorca	Mallorca	Catalan	Dated
Minorca	Menorca
Navarre	Nafarroa	Basque
Pampeluna	Pamplona	Spanish	Dated
Saragossa	Zaragoza
Seville	Sevilla
Tagus	Tajo		Latin name
Teneriffe	Tenerife		Obsolete, French name
The Groyne	A Coruña	Galician	Obsolete
Vittoria	Vitoria-Gasteiz	Compound of the Spanish and Basque names (often used separately)	Dated
	Vitorixe	Basque form of Spanish name

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka was known as Ceylon in English until 1972.

 Sri Lanka Shri Lanka (ශ්‍රී ලංකා)/ Ilaṅkai (இலங்கை)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Adam's Peak	Civaṉoḷipātam (சிவனொளிபாதம்) Civaṉaṭipātam (சிவனடிபாதம்)	Tamil
	Śrī Pāda (ශ්‍රී පාද)	Sinhala
Batticaloa	Maṭṭakkaḷappu (மட்டக்களப்பு)	Tamil
	Madakalapuwa (මඩකලපුව)	Sinhala
Chilaw	Cilāpam (சிலாபம்)	Tamil
	Halawta (හලාවත)	Sinhala
Colombo	Kolamba (කොළඹ)
	Koḻumpu (கொழும்பு)	Tamil
Delft	Neṭuntīvu (நெடுந்தீவு)
	Ḍelfṭ (ඩෙල්ෆ්ට්)	Sinhala
Elephant Pass	Āṉaiyiṟavu (ஆனையிறவு)	Tamil
	Alimankada (අලිමංකඩ)	Sinhala
Galle	Galla (ගාල්ල)
	Kāli (காலி)	Tamil
Jaffna	Yāḻppāṇam (யாழ்ப்பாணம்)
	Yāpanaya (යාපනය)	Sinhala
Kandy	Kaṇṭi (கண்டி)	Tamil
	Mahanuwara (මහනුවර)	Sinhala
Kayts	Ūrkāvaṟtuṟai (ஊர்காவற்துறை)	Tamil
	Kayiṭs (කයිට්ස්)	Sinhala
Mutwal	Modara (මෝදර)
	Mukattuvāram (முகத்துவாரம்)	Tamil
Negombo	Meegumuwa (මීගමුව)	Sinhala
	Nirkolompu (நீர்கொழும்பு)	Tamil
Point Pedro	Paruttittuṟai (பருத்தித்துறை)
	Pēduru Tuḍuva (පේදුරු තුඩුව)	Sinhala
Pooneryn	Poonakary (பூநகரி)	Tamil
	Pūneriya (පූනෙරිය)	Sinhala
Trincomalee	Tirukōṇamalai (திருகோணமலை)	Tamil
	Thrikunamalaya (ත්‍රිකුණාමළය)	Sinhala

Sudan

 Sudan As-Sūdān (السودان)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Khartoum	Al-Khurṭūm (الخَرطوم)	Standard Arabic
	El-Khortūm (الخَرطوم)	Sudanese Arabic
Nile River	An-Nīl (النيل)	Standard Arabic
	En-Nīl (النيل)	Sudanese Arabic
Omdurman	Omm Dormān (أُم درمان)
	Umm Durmān (أُم درمان)	Standard Arabic
Port Sudan	Burtusudan (بورتسودان)
	Bar'uut	Beja

Sweden

 Sweden Sverige

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Dalecarlia	Dalarna	Elfdalian	Latin name; Swedish name also used
		Swedish
Gothenburg	Göteborg
North Bothnia	Norrbotten		Swedish name also used
Scania	Skåne		Latin name
The Dales	Dalarna	Elfdalian	Obsolete; translation of Swedish name
		Swedish
West Bothnia	Västerbotten	Swedish	Swedish name also used in English

Switzerland

See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms

Historically, English-language sources borrowed French-language names for some places in German-speaking Switzerland. This is no longer done, and many sources now use German names for most Swiss German-speaking places.^[24]

  Switzerland Schweiz/ Suisse/ Svizzera/ Svizra

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Basle	Basel	Standard German	Obsolete
Berne	Bern
Geneva	Genève	French
	Genf	Standard German
Lucerne	Luzern
Rhine River	Rhein
Valais	Wallis

Syria

 Syria Sūrīyah (سورية)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Aleppo	Ḥalab (حَلَب)	Standard Arabic
		Levantine Arabic
Damascus	Dimashq (دِمَشْق)	Standard Arabic
	Dimash' (دِمَشْق)	Levantine Arabic
Euphrates River	Al-Furat (الفرات)	Standard Arabic
Homs	Ḥimṣ (حِمْص)
	Ḥumṣ (حُمْص)	Levantine Arabic
Palmyra	Tadmur (تَدْمُر)	Standard Arabic
		Levantine Arabic
Latakia	Al-Lādhiqīyah (اللاذقية)	Standard Arabic
	El-Lādi'iyyeh (اللاذقية)	Levantine Arabic

Thailand

Thailand was known as Siam in English until the Siamese revolution of 1932.

 Thailand Prathet Thai (ประเทศไทย)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bangkok	Krung Thep (กรุงเทพ)	Thai	Bangkok was the name of a village built on the west bank of the Chao Phraya river before it grew and became the new capital of Siam, after the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767.[25] The city is called Krung Thep among Thai citizens, but Bangkok among non-Thai citizens. The Thai government has attempted to change the official English name to Krung Thep, but the unofficial name of Bangkok remains in common use.
Junk Ceylon	Phuket (ภูเก็ต)		Obsolete; a corruption of the Malay Tanjung Salang
Kanburi	Kanchanaburi (กาญจนบุรี)		Obsolete
Mekong River	Maenam Khong (แม่น้ำโขง)
Menam	Maenam Chao Praya (แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา)		Obsolete
Odia	Ayutthaya (อยุธยา)
Singora	Songkhla (สงขลา)
Zimme	Chiang Mai (เชียงใหม่)

Taiwan

The main island of Taiwan is also known in English as Formosa. All Chinese names below are written in traditional characters. As mentioned above in the China section, many place names in Taiwan use either pinyin or Wade-Giles.

See also: Chinese language romanization in Taiwan

 Taiwan (臺灣)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Pehoe	Phîⁿ-ô͘	Hokkien
	Penghu (澎湖)	Mandarin	Obsolete, from Min Nan name Phênô
Pescadores	Phîⁿ-ô͘	Hokkien
	Penghu (澎湖)	Mandarin	Dated, Portuguese name
Quemoy	Kimoi	Hokkien
	Kinmen (金門)	Mandarin	Possibly a Spanish or Portuguese transcription of the Zhengzhou Hokkien name for the city, Kim-mûi[26]

Tunisia

 Tunisia Tūnis (تونس)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Gabès	Gābes (قابس)	Maghrebi Arabic	Pronounced similar to English name
	Qābis (قابس)	Standard Arabic
Sfax	Sifaks (ⵙⵉⴼⴰⴽⵙ)	Berber
	Ṣfāqes (صفاقس)	Maghrebi Arabic
	Ṣafaqus (صفاقس)	Standard Arabic
Sousse	Susa	Berber
	Sūseh (سوسة)	Maghrebi Arabic
	Sūsah (سوسة)	Standard Arabic

Turkey

 Turkey Türkiye

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Adalia	Antalya	Turkish	Dated
Adrianople	Edirne
Alexandretta	İskenderun
Anemurium	Anamur
Antioch	Antakya
Bosphorus	Boǧaziçi
Byzantium	İstanbul		Obsolete
Caeserea	Kayseri		Dated
Cappadocia	Kapadokya
Claudiopolis	Mut		Dated
Constantinople	İstanbul
Dardanelles	Çanakkale Boǧazı
Edessa	(Sanlı)urfa		Dated
Ephesus	Efes
Euphrates River	Fırat
Gallipoli	Gelibolu		Dated
Halicarnassus	Bodrum
Heraclea Pontica	Karadeniz Ereǧli
Iconium	Konya
Imbros	Gökçeada		Greek name
Istanbul	İstanbul		Some consider Istanbul to be an English exonym of İstanbul.[27] Normally spelled without İ in English, even in sources which would otherwise use it.[28]
Kerasous	Giresun		Dated
Laranda	Karaman
Magnesia ad Sipylum	Manisa
Nicaea	Iznik
Nicomedia	Izmit
Pergamon	Bergama
Philadelphia	Alaşehir
Prusa	Bursa
Scutari	Üsküdar		Dated[29]
Seleucia	Silifke		Dated
Smyrna	İzmir
Tenedos	Bozcaada		Greek name
Thrace	Trakya
Tigris River	Dicle
Tralles	Aydın		Dated
Trebizond	Trabzon

In June 2022, the United Nations agreed to change the country's official name in English as Türkiye at the request of the Turkish government.^[30] However, the majority of English speakers still refer to the country as Turkey in daily use.

Ukraine

 Ukraine Ukrayina (Україна)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Black Sea	Chorne (Чорне)	Ukrainian
Carpathian Ruthenia	Karpatska Rus' (Карпатська Русь)		Historic region
Carpathian Ukraine	Karpatska Ukrayina (Карпатська Україна)
Chernobyl	Chornobyl (Чорнобиль)		Russian name
Crimea	Krym (Крим)		Region claimed by Russia, but many nations do not recognize it as part of Russia[31]
Danube River	Dunai (Дунай)
Galicia	Halychyna (Галичина)		Historic region
Gorlovka	Horlivka (Горлівка)		Archaic, Russian name
Kharkov	Kharkiv (Харків)
Kiev	Kyiv (Київ)		Russian name; though the Russian endonym Kiev prevailed after the Soviet Union ended in 1991, in the late 2010s media outlets and governments began using Kyiv at the request of the Ukrainian government.
Krivoy Rog	Kryvyi Rih (Кривиі Ріг)		Archaic, Russian name
Podolia	Podillia (Поділля)		Historic region
Subcarpathia	Pidkarpattia (Підкарпаття)
Subcarpathian Ruthenia, Subcarpathian Rus	Pidkarpatska Rus' (Підкарпатська Русь)
Transcarpathia	Zakarpattia (Закарпаття)
Transcarpathian Ukraine	Zakarpatska Ukrayina (Закарпатська Україна)
Volhynia	Volyn' (Волинь)		Historic region

United Kingdom

The places listed are where non-English local languages are mainly used or where the non-English names do not regularly correspond to the English one.

 United Kingdom

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Aberdovey	Aberdyfi	Welsh	Dated
Abergavenny	Y Fenni
Achmore	An t-Acha Mòr	Scottish Gaelic
Aird of Sleat	Àird Shlèite
Alexandria	Magh Leamhna
Ammanford	Rhydaman	Welsh
Anglesey	Ynys Môn
Applecross	A'Chomraich	Scottish Gaelic
Ardvasar	Àird a Bhàsair
Arinagour	Àirigh na Gobhar
Bala Lake	Llyn Tegid	Welsh
Balivanich	Baile a Mhanaich	Scottish Gaelic
Ballygrant	Baile a Ghràna
Bardsey Island	Ynys Enlli	Welsh
Barmouth	Abermaw or Y Bermo
Barra	Barraigh	Scottish Gaelic
Barvas	Barabhas
Bayble	Pabail
Bearsden	Cille Phàdraig Ùr		Formerly Kilpatrick
Beauly	A'Mhanachainn
Beaumaris	Biwmaris	Welsh
Benbecula	Beinn na Fadhla	Scottish Gaelic
Bernisdale	Beàrnasdal
Bishopbriggs	Coille Dobhair		Formerly Cadder
Bonvilston	Tresimwn	Welsh
Borrowstounness (Bo'ness)	Ceann an Fhàil	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Kinneil
Bowmore	Bogh Mòr
Bracadale	Bracadal
Brecknockshire nowadays usually Breconshire	Brycheiniog	Welsh
Brecon	Aberhonddu
Brecon Beacons	Bannau Brycheiniog
Bridgend (Scotland)	Beul an Àtha	Scottish Gaelic
Bridgend (Wales)	Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr	Welsh
Breasclete	Breascleit	Scottish Gaelic
Broadford	An t-Àth Leathann
Buckley	Bwcle	Welsh
Builth Wells	Llanfair-ym-Muallt
Caerleon	Caerllion
Ca(e)rnavon	Caernarfon		Dated
Cairngorms	Am Monadh Ruadh	Scottish Gaelic
Cairnryan	Machair An Sgithich, Cairn Rioghainne
Callinish	Calanais
Caldey Island	Ynys Bŷr	Welsh
Calgary	Calgarraidh	Scottish Gaelic
Camastianavaig	Camas Dìonabhaig
Campbeltown	Ceann Loch Chille Chiaran
Cardiff	Caerdydd	Welsh
Cardigan	Aberteifi
Carinish	Càirinis	Scottish Gaelic
Carloway	Càrlabhag
Carmarthen	Caerfyrddin	Welsh
Castlebay	Bàgh a Chaisteal	Scottish Gaelic
Cardiganshire	Ceredigion	Welsh	Dated
Chepstow	Cas-gwent
Chirk	Y Waun
Cleadale	Clèadail	Scottish Gaelic
Coll	Cola
Colonsay	Colbhasa
Conway	Conwy	Welsh	Dated
Cowbridge	Y Bont-faen
Craighouse	Taigh na Creige	Scottish Gaelic
Craignure	Craig an Iobhar
Daliburgh	Dalabrog
Denbigh	Dinbych	Welsh
Devil's Bridge	Pontarfynach
Dingwall	Inbhir Pheofharain	Scottish Gaelic
Dolgelley	Dolgellau	Welsh	Dated
Dufftown	Baile Bhainidh	Scottish Gaelic
Dunvegan	Dùn Bheagain
Ebbw Vale	Glyn Ebwy	Welsh
Edinbane	An t-Aodann Bàn	Scottish Gaelic
Eigg	Eige
Elgol	Ealaghol
Eriskay	Èirisgeigh
Fishguard	Abergwaun	Welsh
Flint	Y Fflint
Flowerdale	Am Baile Mòr	Scottish Gaelic
Fort Augustus	Cille Chuimein		Formerly Kilwhimin
Fort William	An Gearasdan
Fortrose	A' Chananaich
Glamorgan	Morgannwg	Welsh
Goodwick	Wdig
Gower Peninsula	Gŵyr
Great Orme	Y Gogarth
Harlosh	Hèarrlois	Scottish Gaelic
Harris	Na Hearadh
Haverfordwest	Hwlffordd	Welsh
Hawarden	Penarlâg
Hay-on-Wye	Y Gelli Gandryll informally Y Gelli
Holyhead	Caergybi
Holywell	Treffynnon
Holywood, Dumfriesshire	Doire Chonaill	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Dercongal
Howmore	Tobha Mòr
Iona	Ì Chaluim Chille
Islay	Ìle
Isle of Lewis	Leodhas
Isle of Mull	Muile
Isle of Skye	Sgitheneach
Isleornsay	Eilean Iarmain
Jura	Diùra
Kincardineshire	A' Mhaorainn		Sometimes called The Mearns
Knighton	Tref-y-clawdd	Welsh
Kyleakin	Caol Àcain	Scottish Gaelic
Kylerhea	Caol Reatha
Lampeter	Llanbedr Pont Steffan	Welsh
Laurencekirk	Coinmheadh	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Conveth
Laxdale	Lacadal
Leurbost	Liùrbost
Leverburgh	An t-Òbh		Formerly Obbe
Linlithgow	Gleann Iucha
Llandovery	Llanymddyfri	Welsh
Llantwit Major	Llanilltud Fawr
Lochboisdale	Loch Baghasdail	Scottish Gaelic
Lochmaddy	Loch nam Madadh
Lochnagar	Beinn Chìochan
Menai Bridge	Porthaethwy	Welsh
Menai Strait	Afon Menai		Welsh name means "River Menai"
Merionethshire	Meirionydd
Milford Haven	Aberdaugleddau
Milovaig	Miolabhaig	Scottish Gaelic
Mold	Yr Wyddgrug	Welsh
Monmouth	Trefynwy
Monmouthshire	Sir Fynwy
Montgomeryshire	Trefaldwyn
Mountain Ash	Aberpennar
Muck	Muc	Scottish Gaelic
Neath	Castell-nedd	Welsh
Newbridge	Trecelyn
Newport	Casnewydd
Newtonferry	Port nan Long	Scottish Gaelic
Newtown	Y Drenewydd	Welsh
Northop	Llaneurgain
Orsay	Orasaigh	Scottish Gaelic
Pembrokeshire	Penfro	Welsh
Pont Neath Vaughan	Pontneddfechan		Dated
Port Askaig	Port Asgaig	Scottish Gaelic
Port Charlotte	Port Sgioba
Port Dinorwic	Y Felinheli	Welsh	Dated
Port Ellen	Port Ìlain	Scottish Gaelic
Port of Ness	Port Nis
Portmadoc	Porthmadog	Welsh	Dated
Portnaguran	Port nan Giùran	Scottish Gaelic
Portnahaven	Port na-hAbhainn
Portree	Port Righ
Presteigne	Llanadras	Welsh
Puffin Island	Ynys Seiriol
Raasay	Ratharsair	Scottish Gaelic
Radnor; Radnorshire	Maesyfed; Sir Maesyfed	Welsh
Rhymney	Rhymni
River Forth	An Abhainn Dubh	Scottish Gaelic
River Severn	Hafren	Welsh
River Towy	Afon Tywi
River Usk	Afon Wysg
River Wye	Afon Gwy
Rodel	Roghadal	Scottish Gaelic
Rothesay	Baile Bhòid
Saint Asaph	Llanelwy	Welsh
Saint David's	Tyddewi
Saint Kilda	Hiort	Scottish Gaelic	Main island called Hirta
Salen	An t-Sàilean
Scalpay	Sgalpaigh
Scarinish	Sgarainis
Scotland	Alba
Skigersta	Sgiogarstaigh
Snowdon	Yr Wyddfa	Welsh
Snowdonia	Eryri
Soay	Sòdhaigh	Scottish Gaelic
South Queensferry	Cas Chaolais		Formerly Caschillis
Staffa	Stafa
Stein	Steinn
Stoneybridge	Staoinebrig
Stornoway	Steòrnabhagh
Swansea	Abertawe	Welsh
Tain	Baile Dubhthaich	Scottish Gaelic
Tarbert	Tairbeart
Tarskavaig	Tarsgabhaig
Tenby	Dynbich-y-pysgod	Welsh
The Cobbler	Beinn Artair	Scottish Gaelic	Also called Ben Arthur
Tigharry	Taigh a'Gherraidh
Tintern	Dindyrn	Welsh
Tiree	Tiriodh	Scottish Gaelic
Tobermory	Tobar Mhoire
Torrin	Na Torrain
Troon	An Truthail
Towyn	Tywyn	Welsh	Dated
Uist	Uibhist	Scottish Gaelic
Ulva	Ulbha
Usk	Brynbuga	Welsh
Vale of Glamorgan	Bro Morgannwg
Vatersay	Bhatarsaigh	Scottish Gaelic
Wishaw	Camasneachdain
Wales	Cymru	Welsh
Welshpool	Y Trallwng
Whitland	Hendy-gwyn
Wrexham	Wrecsam

United States

Several places in the United States have additional names in various Native languages.

 United States

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Allegheny River	Ohi:'i:o	Seneca
Mount McKinley	Denali	Koyukon	See Denali-Mount McKinley naming dispute
Mount Rainier	Tacoma	Salish
Red House	Joë'hesta	Seneca

Vietnam

All cities and towns are often spelled without diacritics; names without them are not listed here.

 Vietnam Việt Nam

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Annamite Range	Dãy Trường Sơn	Vietnamese
Black River	Sông Đà
Faifo[32]	Hội An		Obsolete
Fansipan	Phan Xi Păng
Ha Long Bay	Vịnh Hạ Long
Ho Chi Minh City	Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Marble Mountains	Ngũ Hành Sơn		Vietnamese name means "Five Elements Mountains"
Mekong River	Sông Mê Kông / Sông Cửu Long
Perfume River	Sông Hương		Vietnamese name means "Fragrant River"
Red River	Sông Hồng
West Lake	Hồ Tây

Yemen

 Yemen al-Yaman (ٱلْيَمَنْ)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Socotra	Suquṭrā (سُقُطْرَىٰ)	Standard Arabic
	Saqatri (ساقطري)	Soqotri

See also

• List of European exonyms
• List of European regions with alternative names
• List of European rivers with alternative names
• List of English exonyms for German toponyms—some no longer current
• List of renamed Indian public places—some without current acceptance

References

1. Peeter Päll, Estonia, "Do Romanization Systems Create Exonyms?" UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names, Working Group on Romanization Systems (2002)
2. Exonyms and the International Standardisation of Geographical Names Peter Jordan, Milan Orožen Adamič, Paul Woodman - 2007- Page 16 "2.2.11 This brings us on to the question of romanization. Does the application of a romanization system turn an endonym into an exonym? In his GeoNames 2000 paper Do Romanization Systems Create Exonyms?, Peeter Päll argued convincingly.."
3. M. B. Hooker Laws of South-East Asia: The pre-modern texts 1986 - Page 23 "Place names such as Rangoon, Mandalay, Pegu and Moulmein have been left in the English form which is familiar to the non-Burmese reader. Personal names also have been left in the old romanization which seems to be familiar to.."
4. "algeria | Search Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2023-09-14.
5. Utrata Fachwörterbuch: Geographie - Englisch-Deutsch/Deutsch-Englisch by Jürgen Utrata (2014). Retrieved 10 Apr 2014.
6. Worsch, Wolfgang (2004). Langenscheidt Muret-Sanders Großwörterbuch, Teil II, Deutsch-Englisch , Langenscheidt KG, Berlin, Munich, Vienna, Zurich, New York, pp. 1269-1272. ISBN 3-468-02126-7.
7. Willemyns, Roland. Dutch: Biography of a Language. Oxford University Press. 2013.
8. "Tierra del Fuego Province (Argentina)". www.crwflags.com. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
9. Kaske, Elisabeth (2008). "The Politics of Language in Chinese Education". Brill. p. 52. ISBN 978-9004163676.
10. Man, Bosat (June 1990). "Backhill/Peking/Beijing" (PDF). Sino-Platonic Papers (19): 5.
11. Chew, Phillis Ghim-Lian (2013). Emergent Lingua Francas and World Orders: The Politics and Place of English as a World Language. Routledge. p. 254. ISBN 978-1135235567.
12. Forêt, Philippe (2000). Mapping Chengde: The Qing Landscape Enterprise. University of Hawaii Press. p. xv. ISBN 9780824822934.
13. Webb, Adrian. The Routledge Companion to Central and Eastern Europe since 1919. 2008.
14. "egypt | Search Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2023-09-14.
15. Paikkala, Sirkka (April 2023). Toponymic guidelines for map editors and other editors: Finland (PDF). United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, 22nd session, April 2004 (4th, revised ed.). pp. 27–28.
16. Dorit Diskin Ravid Spelling Morphology 2012- Page 10 "For example, in the Hebraist tradition, current v would be transcribed as either w or b following Hebrew graphemes – so that official place names on road signs in Israel can be quite misleading to non-Hebrew readers traveling around Israel."
17. "Why is Japan called Japan?". www.jluggage.com. Retrieved 2023-09-20.
18. "Viangchan definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved 2020-05-02.
19. "Wiang Chan". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 2020-05-02.
20. "Casablanca: Attractive places in the biggest city of morocco". Friendly Morocco. 2017-06-21. Retrieved 2023-09-14.
21. "morocco | Etymology, origin and meaning of morocco by etymonline". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2023-09-14.
22. York, Rob (2014-02-07). "Why is North Korea called the DPRK? | NK News". NK News - North Korea News. Retrieved 2023-12-28.
23. Robert D. Kaplan. Balkan Ghosts: A Journey Through History. 1993. (Picador, 2014.) p. 119. ISBN 9781466868304
24. Bewes, Diccon. Swiss Watching: Inside the Land of Milk and Honey. p.vii. 2012.
25. "Bangkok | Location, History, Population, Map, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-12-28.
26. "The word Quemoy has existed for about 400 years" (PDF). 2013-04-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-29. Retrieved 2020-12-05.
27. Exonyms and the International Standardisation of Geographical Names: Approaches towards the Resolution of an Apparent Contradiction Peter Jordan, Milan Orožen Adamič, Paul Woodman, Vienna 2007 Page 210 [lists Istanbul, as an English exonym of İstanbul. Istanbul appears to be the only English exonym listed for any Turkish city].
28. Lonely Planet Turkey ed. Verity Campbell 2007 Page 233 "There are also flights between İzmir and Europe on various European airlines (see p672). With the launch of İzmir Airlines, direct flights to Europe will greatly increase, and İzmir is billed to become one of Turkey's biggest hubs." and Page 291 "Original İznik tiles are antiquities and cannot be exported from Turkey, but new tiles make great, if not particularly cheap, souvenirs."
29. James Steele (1990). Turkey - A Traveller's Historical and Architectural Guide. Scorpion. pp. 161–162. ISBN 0-905906-72-1.
30. Carter, Phillip M. (2023-02-16). "Why does Turkey want other countries to start spelling its name 'Türkiye'?". The Conversation. Retrieved 2023-12-25.
31. "General Assembly Adopts Resolution Urging Russian Federation to Withdraw Its Armed Forces from Crimea, Expressing Grave Concern about Rising Military Presence | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases". www.un.org. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
32. Jean-Pierre Duteil Alexandre de Rhodes' Histoire du royaume du Tonkin 1999 Page 37 "Tourane se développe aux dépends de Faifo à la fin du XVIfle siècle, et l'éclipsé à peu près complètement au XTXe. "Faifo" doit son nom au "marché" (phô) de Hôi an (Hôi-an phô). "Tourane" correspondrait à la pronunciation chinoise de .."