Elections in Sudan
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In typical elections, Sudan elects on a national level head of state – the president – and a legislature. In the election of 2010, there were two presidential elections, one for the Presidency of the Republic of Sudan and one for the Presidency of the Government of Southern Sudan. Elections for the National Assembly were last held in 2015.
The National Legislature whose members were chosen in mid-2005 had two chambers. The National Assembly (Majlis Watani) had 426 members who represented the government, former rebels, and other opposition political parties. The Council of States (Majlis Welayat) had 32 members who were indirectly elected by state legislatures. All members of the National Legislature served five-year terms.
In the early twenty-first century, Sudan was a dominant-party state with the National Congress Party in power. Opposition parties were allowed, but were widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power.
On 11 April 2019, Sudan was taken over by a military junta after the military seized power from the President in a coup. Federal elections were tentatively scheduled for 2023 under the 2019 Sudanese transition to democracy deal.[1] However, since 15 April 2023, plans for an election have been stalled due to the ongoing civil war.
Latest elections
[edit]President
[edit]
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Omar al-Bashir | National Congress Party | 5,252,478 | 94.05 | |
| Fadl el-Sayed Shuaib | Federal Truth Party | 79,779 | 1.43 | |
| Fatima Abdel Mahmoud | Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union | 47,653 | 0.85 | |
| Mohamed Elhassan Mohamed | National Reform Party | 42,399 | 0.76 | |
| Abdul Mahmoud Abdul Jabar Rahamtalla | Union of the Nation's Forces | 41,134 | 0.74 | |
| Hamdi Hassan Ahmed | Independent | 18,043 | 0.32 | |
| Mohamed Ahmed Abdul Gadir Al Arbab | Independent | 16,966 | 0.30 | |
| Yasser Yahiya Salih Abdul Gadir | Independent | 16,609 | 0.30 | |
| Khairi Bakhit | Independent | 11,852 | 0.21 | |
| Adel Dafalla Jabir | Independent | 9,435 | 0.17 | |
| Mohamed Awad Al Barow | Independent | 9,388 | 0.17 | |
| Asad Al Nil Adel Yassin Al Saafi | Independent | 9,359 | 0.17 | |
| Alam Al Huda Ahmed Osman Mohamed Ali | Independent | 8,133 | 0.15 | |
| Ahmed Al Radhi Jadalla Salem | Independent | 7,751 | 0.14 | |
| Isaam Al Ghali Tajj Eddin Ali | Independent | 7,587 | 0.14 | |
| Omar Awad Al Karim Hussein Ali | Independent | 6,297 | 0.11 | |
| Total | 5,584,863 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 5,584,863 | 91.68 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 506,549 | 8.32 | ||
| Total votes | 6,091,412 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 13,126,989 | 46.40 | ||
| Source: NEC | ||||
National Assembly
[edit] | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Proportional | Women | Constituency | Total seats | +/– | |||||||
| Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
| National Congress Party | 3,915,590 | 78.32 | 67 | 4,321,901 | 83.37 | 107 | 149 | 323 | –1 | |||
| Democratic Unionist Party–Original | 218,120 | 4.36 | 4 | 249,768 | 4.82 | 6 | 15 | 25 | +24 | |||
| Umma Collective Leadership | 214,531 | 4.29 | 4 | 2 | 6 | +5 | ||||||
| Democratic Unionist Party | 114,806 | 2.30 | 2 | 137,265 | 2.65 | 3 | 10 | 15 | +11 | |||
| Federal Umma Party | 79,292 | 1.59 | 1 | 107,102 | 2.07 | 3 | 3 | 7 | +4 | |||
| Freedom and Justice Party | 60,373 | 1.21 | 1 | 36,899 | 0.71 | 1 | 1 | 3 | – | |||
| United Umma Party | 49,923 | 1.00 | 1 | 63,770 | 1.23 | 2 | 1 | 4 | – | |||
| Umma Reform and Development Party | 35,309 | 0.71 | 1 | 45,199 | 0.87 | 1 | 3 | 5 | – | |||
| National Umma Party | 30,966 | 0.62 | 1 | 2 | 3 | +2 | ||||||
| Federal Truth Party | 30,254 | 0.61 | 1 | 33,046 | 0.64 | 1 | 0 | 2 | – | |||
| National Bond Party | 30,079 | 0.60 | 1 | 43,199 | 0.83 | 1 | 0 | 2 | – | |||
| National Freedom and Justice Party | 29,642 | 0.59 | 1 | 3 | 4 | – | ||||||
| Constitution Party | 27,466 | 0.55 | 0 | 39,783 | 0.77 | 1 | 0 | 1 | – | |||
| Movement for Justice and Equality | 26,723 | 0.53 | 0 | 18,493 | 0.36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | |||
| National Reform Party | 25,990 | 0.52 | 0 | 30,107 | 0.58 | 1 | 0 | 1 | – | |||
| Popular Forces for Rights and Democracy Movement | 23,089 | 0.46 | 0 | 27,260 | 0.53 | 1 | 0 | 1 | – | |||
| Justice Party | 18,196 | 0.36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | ||||||
| National Movement for Peace and Development | 17,231 | 0.34 | 0 | 14,732 | 0.28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | |||
| Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union | 16,508 | 0.33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | ||||||
| People's Movement Party | 14,018 | 0.28 | 0 | 15,595 | 0.30 | 0 | 1 | 1 | – | |||
| Sudanese National Front Party | 12,740 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | ||||||
| Sudanese Socialist Union Party al-Maywa | 8,686 | 0.17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | ||||||
| Centre Party for Justice and Development | 1 | 1 | – | |||||||||
| General Federation of North and South Funj | 1 | 1 | – | |||||||||
| Ana al-Sudan | 1 | 1 | – | |||||||||
| Black Free | 1 | 1 | – | |||||||||
| Independents | 19 | 19 | +16 | |||||||||
| Total | 4,999,532 | 100.00 | 85 | 5,184,119 | 100.00 | 128 | 213 | 426 | –24 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 13,126,989 | – | 13,126,989 | – | 13,126,989 | – | ||||||
| Source: NEC | ||||||||||||
History
[edit]- 1948 Sudanese parliamentary election
- 1953 Sudanese parliamentary election
- 1958 Sudanese parliamentary election
- 1965 Sudanese parliamentary election
- 1968 Sudanese parliamentary election
- 1978 Sudanese parliamentary election
- 1980 Sudanese parliamentary election
- 1981–82 Sudanese parliamentary election
- 1986 Sudanese parliamentary election
- 1996 Sudanese general election
- 2000 Sudanese general election
- 2010 Southern Sudanese general election
- 2010 Sudanese general election
- 2010 Sudanese general election in Jonglei
- 2010 Sudanese gubernatorial elections
- 2015 Sudanese general election
Next
[edit]Sudan National Elections Commission
[edit]Sudan has had national level elections since 1948 while it was still an Anglo–Egyptian colony. Independence from or union with Egypt was a major electoral platform in the 1948 election.[2]
Following the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, elections initially did not play a role in determining the composition of the interim national government, the South Sudan government, or the state legislatures.[3] An out of date national census and, in the case of South Sudan, a complete lack of infrastructure for conducting an election, rendered the electoral process moot.[3] As a result, all government officials and all governing bodies consisted of appointed officials until the completion of a census in 2008 and national elections in 2010.[3] The SPLM rejected the results of the census, claiming that it underestimated populations in the South.[3] The National Elections Act of 2008 provided the legal framework for conducting elections in Sudan, South Sudan, and in each state.[3] The National Elections Commission was responsible for developing the regulations, rules, and orders for the election of the national president, South Sudan president, state governors, National Assembly, South Sudan Legislative Assembly, and state assemblies.[3]
Evolution of Sudan's electoral system
[edit]1948 – Legislative Assembly (75 seats):
- 10 seats were appointed by the Governor-General.
- 42 seats were elected by electoral colleges in northern provinces.
- 13 seats were nominated by the provincial councils in the three southern provinces.
- 10 seats were directly-elected in Khartoum and Omdurman.
1958 – House of Representatives (173 seats): First past the post.
1965 – Parliament (207 seats): First past the post.
1978 – People's Assembly (304 seats):
- 274 seats were elected.
- 30 seats were appointed by the President.
1986 – National Assembly (301 seats): First past the post.
1996 – National Assembly (400 seats):
- 125 seats were nominated.
- 275 seats were elected.
2010 – National Assembly (450 seats):
- 60% of seats were elected by First past the post.
- 40% of seats (25% of women seats and 15% of general seats) were elected by Proportional representation with 4% electoral threshold.
2015 – National Assembly (426 seats):
- 213 seats were elected by First past the post.
- 128 seats reserved for women were elected by Closed list proportional representation.
- 85 seats unreserved were elected by Closed list proportional representation.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Kirby, Jen (2019-07-06). "Sudan's military and civilian opposition have reached a power-sharing deal". Vox. Archived from the original on 2019-07-05. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
- ^ "The Sudan Elections". The Spectator. 1948-11-26. Archived from the original on 2019-07-13. Retrieved 2019-07-13.
- ^ a b c d e f
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Shinn, David H. (2015). "Elections" (PDF). In Berry, LaVerle (ed.). Sudan : a country study (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. pp. 232–234. ISBN 978-0-8444-0750-0.
