Draft:Kanji-Go
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Submission declined on 3 September 2025 by Pythoncoder (talk).
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Comment: The Markdown may have been converted to wiki markup, but the prose itself doesn’t appear to have been changed from the initial version that appeared to be LLM-generated. Also the citations should be written in English —pythoncoder (talk | contribs) 10:32, 3 September 2025 (UTC)
Kanji-go (漢字語 (かんじご); 漢字語 한자어 hanja-eo; “Sino-Korean vocabulary”; 漢越語 từ Hán-Việt Hán-Việt “Sino-Vietnamese”) is a cover term for words in Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese that can be written with Chinese characters. In practice, the term chiefly refers to vocabulary of Sino-Chinese origin that is expressible in kanji.
In Japanese: Definitions and Scope
[edit]In Japanese, the familiar word-origin categories (語種) include kango (漢語, Sino-Japanese words). Some researchers use the broader label kanji-go. Definitions differ slightly among scholars, and there is not yet a unanimous consensus.
Yamada Toshio proposed a framework that extends kango into kanji-go. He gives as examples: (1) 木綿 (momen/kiwata/yū, “cotton”)—a native Japanese word (和語) that came to be written as a Sino-style compound (漢熟語) corresponding to a native concept; and (2) 天下 (tenka; ame-no-shita; ame-ga-shita), a word grounded in Sino-influenced ideas. His aim is to capture characteristics of Japanese that are hard to explain with the conventional word-origin taxonomy alone.[1]
Suzuki Danjirō defines kanji-go as including both kango as conceptual words and kanji as a notation for kun-readings (訓)—that is, cases where kanji function as a writing system for native readings. He illustrates this with 狂言 (magakoto, “falsehood”).[1]
From a script-centered point of view, some take any item written in kanji to count as kanji-go / “kanji-written words” (漢字表記語), even when the underlying word is a native word (和語) such as monogatari → 物語 or a loanword (外来語) such as kurabu → 倶楽部. This mirrors labels like “katakana words,” which focus on the writing system rather than etymology.[1]
Relation to Jukugo (熟語)
[edit]The near-synonym 熟語 can mean “a word made up of multiple kanji,” but it also often implies proverbial/idiomatic expressions. In particular, 四字熟語 (“four-character idioms”) commonly refers to classical set phrases (i.e., 成語, akin to Chinese chengyu) such as 臥薪嘗胆 and 大器晩成. Yet many four-character strings—for example, 台風一過 and 女人禁制—do not neatly belong to the “classical idiom” category. Because 熟語 is used with different scopes, some prefer the term 四字漢字語 (“four-character kanji words”) to collectively label such four-character expressions.[2]
In Other Languages
[edit]Korean has historically borrowed a vast amount of Sino-Chinese vocabulary; in the modern period many Japan-coined Sino-Xenic terms (和製漢語 (わせいかんご)) also entered Korean. These items have a long record of writing in Hanja (Chinese characters)—as seen in mixed Hanja–Hangul texts—and are commonly grouped as 漢字語 (hanja-eo, 한자어).
Vietnamese likewise contains an especially deep layer of Sino-Chinese vocabulary, arguably surpassing Japanese and Korean in extent and density.[3] However, as a writing system, Chinese characters did not take root as firmly as in Japan or Korea; today, use of Chinese characters in ordinary writing has been abolished. Consequently, a category like “kanji-go” is not typically recognized in Vietnamese; instead, words of Chinese origin are collectively called Sino-Vietnamese (漢越語; từ Hán-Việt).
Related works
[edit]- 鈴木, 丹士郎 (1968), "読本における漢字語の傍訓", in 近代語学会 (ed.), 近代語研究 第二集, 東京: 武蔵野書院
- 山田, 俊雄 (1978), 日本語と辞書, 中公新書, 東京: 中央公論社
- 山口, 明穂; 竹田, 晃, eds. (1987), 岩波漢語辞典, 東京: 岩波書店, ISBN 978-4000800686
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- Satō, Kiyoji, ed. (January 1996). 漢字百科大事典 (in Japanese). Tokyo: 明治書院. ISBN 978-4625400643.
Category:Types of words Category:Chinese characters Category:Kanji Category:Hanja Category:Chu nom Category:Sinosphere Category:Wasei Kango Category:Loanwords
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- Essay-like writing
- Hallucinations (plausible-sounding, but false information) and non-existent references
- Close paraphrasing
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