Draft:Battle of Najd
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| Battle of Najd (1811) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Qajar-Wahhabi War | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Qajar dynasty Imamate of Oman |
 Emirate of DiriyahBedouin Arabs | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Sadeq Khan QajarSaid bin Sultan |
Mohammed ibn Seif (WIA) Seif ibn Malek (WIA) | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Unknown | Heavy | ||||||||
The Battle of Najd was a battle fought in 1811 with the forces of Sadeq Khan Qajar and Said bin Sultan against the Saudi army and the Bedouin Arabs resulting an victory for the Persian-Omani army and the plundering of Najd.
Background
[edit]In the early 19th century, the Wahhabi state under Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud expanded across Najd and threatened Muscat. The Imam of Muscat, Said bin Sultan, appealed to Hossein Ali Mirza, Qajar governor of Fars, for aid. In 1811 (1226 AH), Sadeq Khan Qajar led several thousand musketeers from Southern Iran to Muscat, where they joined Omani forces and advanced into Najd.[1]
The Wahhabi commanders Muhammad ibn Seif and Seif ibn Malik[1], supported by Bedouin cavalry, initially repelled the Persians but fell into disorder after quarrelling over plunder. Sadeq Khan counterattacked, inflicting heavy losses and forcing a Wahhabi retreat[2]. The Qajar–Omani army advanced near Diriyah, plundered districts of Najd[1], and then returned to Muscat.
Though the campaign did not break Wahhabi power, it secured Muscat temporarily and signaled Qajar ability to project force into Central Arabia.
The campaign
[edit]Sadeq Khan Qajar landed with Iranian musketeers at Muscat and joined the Omani army before advancing into Najd. The Wahhabis assembled their forces under Muhammad ibn Saif and Saif ibn Malik, supported by Bedouin cavalry. The battle opened with exchanges between Musketeers and archers. The Wahhabis at first gained ground, but quarrels over booty among their Bedouin allies broke their cohesion. Sadeq Khan seized the moment, counterattacked, and routed the enemy. The Wahhabi commanders were wounded and forced to flee[1][2], while Qajar–Omani forces raided the Najd districts up to the outskirts of Diriyah before withdrawing to Muscat.
Aftermath
[edit]The campaign boosted Omani security and weakened Wahhabi forces in Najd. Rumors of Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud death spread, alarming his followers and pleasing the Ottomans. Sultan Said of Oman rewarded the Qajar commanders with gifts and money, while chroniclers marked the expedition as a successful joint action.
Legacy
[edit]The Qajar–Omani campaign in Najd marked one of the first coordinated Persian-Arab efforts against the rising Wahhabi-Saudi state. It temporarily disrupted Wahhabi expansion, secured Omani trade routes, and demonstrated the Qajar dynasty’s willingness to project power into Arabia. Although the victory did not permanently curb Saudi influence, it set a precedent for future military interventions and shaped regional alliances in the Persian Gulf.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Hasan-e Fasāi; Heribert Busse. History of Persia under Qājār Rule, translated from the Persian of Hasan-e Fasāi's Fārsnāma-ye Nāṣeri.
- ^ a b "کتاب وهابیان - علی اصغر فقیهی - دانلود pdf". سایت آسمان کتاب (in Persian). Retrieved 2025-08-25.