Cultural discourse about the Gaza genocide

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The characterization of the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip as a genocide against the Palestinian people has been a contentious topic in cultural discourse since the start of the Gaza war in October 2023, with celebrities, athletes, public intellectuals, activists, cultural institutions and ordinary people weighing in on the events in Gaza, as well as the cultural and societal implications of viewing those events through the framework of genocide.

Cultural discourse

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See also: Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024, Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025, and Artists4Ceasefire

Public figures who have said Israel is committing genocide in Gaza include Kid Cudi,[1] Macklemore,[2] Kneecap,[3] Massive Attack,[4] Summer Walker,[5] Chris Brown,[6] Dua Lipa,[7] and Fontaines D.C.[8] Time described a "growing divide" within Hollywood over the war.[9] The genocide scholar Raz Segal's verdict that Israel's actions in Gaza are a "textbook genocide" was quoted approvingly by the climate activist Greta Thunberg[10] and the BBC football presenter Gary Lineker.[11]

In the UK, a group of over 2,000 artists and celebrities calling themselves Artists for Palestine signed a letter on October 17, 2023, stating,[12] "We are witnessing a crime and a catastrophe. Israel has reduced much of Gaza to rubble, and cut off the supply of water, power, food and medicine to 2.3 million Palestinians. In the words of the UN’s undersecretary for humanitarian affairs, 'the spectre of death' is hanging over the territory."[13] Since then, the letter has grown to have 4,409 signatures,[13] and includes signees such as Tilda Swinton, Steve Coogan, and Miriam Margolyes.[12]

Singer Yuval Raphael, who represented Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025 in Basel, Switzerland, at the opening ceremony with pro-Palestinian demonstrations in the background

Israel's participation in the Eurovision Song Contest became controversial since the outbreak of the war, with protests and petitions demanding the country be excluded from the event since 2024, while some pro-Israel groups launched petitions of their own in support of Israel's continued inclusion.[14][15] In December 2023, Olly Alexander, who represented the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024,[16] signed a letter by the LGBT association Voices4London that accuses Israel of genocide.[17] The Israeli government and the Campaign Against Antisemitism (CAA) condemned his views and asked the BBC not to allow him to perform at the contest. The BBC rejected the request.[18] In 2025, 72 former Eurovision Song Contest entrants signed an open letter demanding Israel and its national broadcaster Kan to be banned from that year's contest.[19]

When asked whether what is happening in Gaza is a genocide, the author Masha Gessen said, "I think there are some fine distinctions between genocide and ethnic cleansing and I think that there are valid arguments for using both terms."[20] When pressed further, they said, "it is at the very least ethnic cleansing". Controversy surrounded Gessen's reception of the Hannah Arendt Prize over a New Yorker article critical of Israeli actions in Gaza in which Gessen compared them to Nazis liquidating a ghetto.[21]

While accepting the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film for The Zone of Interest, Jonathan Glazer drew parallels between the depiction of the Holocaust in his film and Israel's actions in Gaza.[22][23] Journalist Naomi Klein expanded on the parallels between Gaza and the film's depiction of the Holocaust, highlighting the normalisation of genocidal action.[24] Similarly, in an interview with The New York Times in July 2025, Jewish American actor Mandy Patinkin pleaded, “To watch what is happening, for the Jewish people to allow this to happen to children and civilians of all ages in Gaza, for whatever reason, is unconscionable and unthinkable...And I ask you Jews, everywhere, all over the world, to spend some time alone and think, Is this acceptable and sustainable? How could it be done to you and your ancestors and you turn around and you do it to someone else?”[25]

The Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai said, "When we see alarming signs of genocide, we cannot wait to take decisive action. We must work together to urge our leaders to stop these war crimes and hold perpetrators to account."[26] Another Nobel Peace Prize winner, Tawakkol Karman, said, "The world is silent in front of the genocide and the ethnic cleansing of the Palestinian people in Gaza."[27] The novelist Omar El Akkad has called the Gaza war a genocide and wrote the book One Day, Everyone Will Have Always Been Against This about Western complicity in it.[28]

Greta Thunberg wearing a keffiyeh while protesting in front of the UN office in Yerevan against COP-29 taking place in Baku, Azerbaijan

At the 2025 Cannes Film Festival, over 350 members of the film industry signed a letter saying, "we cannot remain silent while genocide is taking place in Gaza and this unspeakable news is hitting our communities hard." The letter was dedicated to Palestinian journalist Fatma Hassona, who was killed by an Israeli airstrike.[29]

Numerous musicians have withdrawn from music festivals for the festivals' relationships with companies alleged to be complicit in genocide. Over 100 acts dropped out of The Great Escape Festival in protest against the event's sponsor, Barclays, which they said was "bankrolling genocide".[30] Several artists also dropped out of the Latitude Festival over its Barclays sponsorship.[31] Over 80 musicians boycotted the 2024 South by Southwest festival because of the event's partnership with the US Army and Raytheon. Several of those musicians accused the companies of being linked to genocide.[32][33] In May 2025, over 50 artists signed a letter urging Field Day to cut ties with the private equity firm KKR, saying "the festival is now implicated in the crimes against humanity of apartheid and genocide."[34]

Multiple football supporters' groups have called for Israel to be banned from FIFA competitions. The Celtic ultras group the Green Brigade organised the "Show Israel the Red Card" campaign, writing: "Israel is committing genocide and ethnic cleansing; it is practising apartheid; and it is illegally occupying Palestinian territory."[35][36]

In May 2025, children's youtuber Ms. Rachel posted a video of her singing and dancing with Rahaf, a 3-year old double amputee who was medically evacuated from Gaza.[37] She has continually used her platform to express her support for Palestinians in Gaza and frequently calls on leaders and celebrities to speak up.[38]

Several podcasters have given their opinions on the matter. In March 2024, Joe Rogan remarked on his show, "They always say that they're only bombing Hamas and everybody else is a casualty, well if those guys are just unarmed civilians and they’re walking alone, that's what they appear to be, and you just blast them from the sky with robots... If you can’t talk about that, if you can't say that's real, then you're saying that genocide is okay as long as we're doing it."[39] Another podcaster, Theo Von, interviewed US Vice President JD Vance on his show in June 2025, in which he stated he believed the events in Gaza constituted a genocide. Vance responded by denying that Israel was committing a genocide, stating he didn't believe Israel was trying to kill every Palestinian.[40][better source needed] Similarly, a podcast popular among young American men, The Nelk Boys, hosted Benjamin Netanyahu on their show for an interview in July 2025. The episode received a lot of backlash, with leftist Twitch streamer Hasan Piker telling them directly, "You just basically presented someone who is a war criminal, someone who is doing a genocide, in a somewhat neutral light... and you can’t be neutral when you have someone like Benjamin Netanyahu directly in an opportunity to talk to him. But that's what happened, so there is moral culpability here for you guys individually."[41]

Media discourse

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See also: Media coverage of the Gaza war

The case against Israel in the ICJ has drawn criticism[from whom?] that claims that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza undermine the term's serious nature.[42][43]

In January 2024, The Economist argued that South Africa's charge of genocide against Israel at the ICJ weakens the legal definition of genocide and diverts focus from the actual humanitarian crisis in Gaza. The article criticised South Africa's legal case as politically motivated. It added that the court's potential rulings could overshadow legitimate concerns about breaches of international war laws. "Genocide requires that Israel is killing people in Gaza simply for being Palestinian", The Economist wrote, adding that Israel is instead targeting Hamas fighters.[42]

In a January 2024 interview, the former US ambassador for war-crimes issues David Scheffer acknowledged Israeli war crimes in Gaza and claimed that Israel was not committing genocide but "responding to a genocidal act in order to prevent further genocide against Israel".[44] Writing for The Times of Israel, Jeremy Sharon claimed that Israel's actions are defensive responses to Hamas, characterizing calls for Gaza's destruction and other statements by Israeli officials (later found by the ICJ to be "incitement to genocide"[45]) as "intemperate comments of some of its political leaders".[46] After going to Gaza, the writer Susan Abulhawa wrote, "Israel is committing the holocaust of our time."[47]

A May 2025 editorial in The Guardian urging the US to end the war endorses the genocide charge against Israel, citing the civilian death toll, obliteration of civilian infrastructure, aid blockages, and Smotrich's threats to destroy all of Gaza.[48]

Media complicity

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Scholars, journalists, media analysts, and human rights advocates have accused various media outlets, mainly western, of complicity in the genocide of Palestinians in Gaza through media imperialism.[49] Others have situated the biases of Western media outlets within a long history of downplaying and excusing the oppression of Palestinians.[50] According to a report published by the Muslim Council of Britain's Centre for Media Monitoring analysing the language used in coverage of the Israeli assault on Gaza, "occupied territories" appeared more often in Al Jazeera English's coverage than in all US or UK news outlets combined, and that emotive language was 11 times more likely to be used in descriptions of Israeli victims than of Palestinian victims.[51][52]

Several Israeli media outlets have been accused of incitement to genocide.[53] In September 2024, Zulat for Equality and Human Rights and two other Israeli organisations compiled a list of statements made on Channel 14, which included over 50 advocating for genocide against Palestinians and more than 150 calling for or supporting war crimes and crimes against humanity, and submitted it to Israel's Attorney General. The channel frequently referred to Gazan civilians as "terrorists" and "legitimate targets" in its broadcasts and on social media, with its website displaying a statistic labeled "the number of terrorists we've eliminated", reflecting the total number of Palestinians reported killed by Gaza's Health Ministry. Shimon Riklin [he], a Channel 14 anchor, publicly advocated for Israel to commit more war crimes. This rhetoric has been referenced in South Africa's genocide case against Israel at the International Court of Justice.[54][55]

The New York Times has been accused of complicity in genocide for perceived bias in its coverage of the Gaza war.[56][57] On 9 November 2023, protestors staged a sit-in at the Times office and distributed copies of the protest publication The New York War Crimes that accused the Times of "complicity in laundering genocide."[56] On 14 March 2024, protesters blocked access to the offices of The New York Times, accusing the paper of complicity in genocide.[57] In July 2025, a group of writers released a dossier accusing the paper of employing nearly two dozen journalists with extensive pro-Israel bias.[58]

Sultany highlights that, despite a preponderance of Israeli statements that amount to incitement to genocide, mainstream commentary has portrayed the destruction of Gaza as "an incidental outcome of urban warfare rather than the predictable outcome of a policy".[59] Throughout the summer of 2025, multiple commentators noticed a shift in the media's coverage of Gaza, with some suggesting this being a result of the worsening famine and continued pressure from activists.[60][61][62]

German media outlets have been accused of enabling genocide for their justification of Israel's targeting of journalists. German tabloid Bild referred to Anas Al-Sharif as a "terrorist disguised as journalist" after his assassination.[63][64] Bild also accused Anas Zayed Fteiha, a photojournalist working for Turkey's Anadolu Agency, of staging his photos of the Gaza Strip famine.[65][63] German media sites have also published misinformation, including the Hamas baby beheading hoax, without subsequent correction.[63] The Al Jazeera Media Institute said "German media outlets generally echo Israeli propaganda and treat it as sacred."[66] German sociologist Jürgen Mackert [de] wrote that the German media's coverage of what he calls a genocide shows "a deeply-rooted settler colonial mindset in Germany's institutions and organisations".[67]

Public opinion

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Canada and the United States

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According to a Léger survey released in June 2025, 49% of Canadians and 38% of Americans agreed that "Israel is committing genocide in the Gaza Strip".[68][69] A March 2025 poll by Brookings found that 12% of Americans thought that Israeli actions constituted genocide and 32% thought they were war crimes "akin to genocide".[70]

A Gallup poll taken in July 2025 found that U.S. approval of Israel's military actions in Gaza had dropped to 32%.[71]

In an August 2025 Economist/YouGov poll for the United States, 43% of the 1,702 respondents said they believed that Israel is "committing genocide against Palestinian civilians," 28% disagreed, and 29% were uncertain.[72]

Europe

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According to a public opinion poll by YouGov plc released in April 2024, 46% of Swedes, 43% of Belgians, 34% of French, and 33% of Germans agreed that Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza.[73][74] In a German poll from June 2025, 73% said that there was "some truth" to the claim that Israel was committing genocide.[75]

According to a survey by the Elcano Royal Institute released in May 2024, 71% of Spaniards considered Israel's actions to be genocide.[76][74] In an Italian Tecnè poll published in June 2025, 50% of respondents said Israel's military operation in Gaza "can be defined as genocide". Only 15% called Israel's response proportionate.[77]

In a June 2025 British poll, 55% opposed Israel's war on Gaza, of whom 82% believed Israel was committing genocide.[78]

Israel

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A January 2024 Tel Aviv University poll of Israeli Jews found that 51% believed the IDF was using an appropriate amount of force in Gaza and 43% believed it was not using enough.[79][80]

In a February 2024 Israel Democracy Institute survey of Israelis, 68% of Jewish respondents supported preventing all international aid from entering Gaza.[81]

The Israeli author Gideon Levy said:

Israel is deteriorating horribly. The most important thing, and you mentioned it, is how unanimous it is. It's not only the right-wingers. You cannot even show some empathy to Gaza, to the suffering of Gaza, which Israel doesn't see at all. The average Israeli saw nothing [of what has unfolded in] Gaza. Only the soldiers there see it. The bravery, the sacrifice, the hostages and families, this is shown nonstop, but not a single image of the suffering of two million people in Gaza. I think it's the darkest time of Israel, maybe ever.[82]

A March 2025 poll of Israeli Jews found that 82% supported the forced expulsion of Gaza residents; 47% responded affirmatively to the question: "When conquering an enemy city, should the IDF act like the Israelites led by Joshua when they conquered Jericho, that is, kill all its inhabitants?"[83][84]

A June 2025 poll by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem found that 64% of Israelis largely agreed with the statement "there are no innocent people in Gaza".[85]

In July 2025, a poll conducted by the Viterbi Family Center for Public Opinion and Policy Research at the Israel Democracy Institute found that 79% of Israeli Jews reportedly being "not so troubled" or "not troubled at all" by reports of famine and suffering in Gaza.[86]

Claims of antisemitism

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Yuval Noah Harari in October 2024, who dismissed the accusation of genocide against Israel as "antisemitic propaganda".

Antisemitism scholar Matthew Bolton argues that investigating potential genocidal acts is not inherently antisemitic, but that swiftly embracing the genocide label for Israel's actions—relying on mistranslated or incomplete statements rather than substantive military evidence, and previously utilised by anti-Israel movements—raises questions about the objectivity of the analysis.[87]

Israeli ministers responded to the ICJ's genocide ruling by accusing the court of "antisemitic bias".[88] Antony Lerman, writing in Declassified UK, pointed to this claim being echoed by some of Israel's supporters, noting the officials' "deployment of weaponised antisemitism to deflect criticism" and that "using past experience of anti-Jewish persecution to neutralise criticism of, and generate sympathy for, the Jewish state [...] is decades old."[89][90] Netanyahu has frequently "compared accusations that Israel's war is causing starvation in Gaza or that the war is genocidal to blood libels"; critics say this is to deflect blame or for political ends.[91]

In May 2024, the analyst Frida Ghitis wrote for CNN that, although Israel could have done more to reduce civilian casualties in Gaza, it was "unconscionable" to describe Israel's actions as genocide. She also wrote that such accusations echo medieval anti-Jewish blood libels and are a modern form of antisemitism.[92] In October 2024, the Israeli historian Yuval Noah Harari dismissed the genocide allegations as antisemitic propaganda.[93] Some argue that this is a weaponisation of antisemitism, intended to shield Israel from such allegations.[89][94]

In December 2024, citing Ireland's decision to join South Africa's genocide case, Netanyahu ordered the closure of Israel's embassy in Ireland and Foreign Minister Gideon Sa'ar accused Taoiseach Simon Harris of antisemitism.[95] Harris said that Netanyahu was using the closure as "a ploy to distract attention from the thousands of children killed by his armed forces in Gaza".[95]

See also

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References

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Works cited

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‹ The template below (Gaza war) is being considered for merging with Palestinian civilians killed in the Gaza war. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. ›