Churumatas

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Churumatas is a name given to various previously existing indigenous populations in present-day Bolivia, Chile and Argentina. In Bolivia Churumatas inhabited mesothermal valleys south of Cochabamba (areas of Tomina, Chuquisaca, Oroncota, Colpavilque, Tarabuco, valle de la Concepción, Santiago del Paso and Tarija).[1] In Chile the Churumatas are reported from Spanish colonial era sources in Elqui Valley.[2] Near Andacollo, which lies about 25 km south of Elqui River, a gold mine hade the name of "Churumata" as known from historic documents.[2] In Argentina choromatas are listed in sources among the groups inhabiting the Argentine Northwest and in particular Jujuy in 1595[2] and Tucumán.[1]

One view held by historians is that the Churumatas were natives of the valley of Tarija in southern Bolivia but had a diaspora in areas where they, as inferred by Spanish documents, did not own land.[2] Reportedly the Churumatas were dispersed as mitmas aimed to garrison Inca fortresses during the Inca conquest of Collasuyu in the 1470s during the reign of Tupac Yupanqui.[2][3] The Tomatas are thought to have had a similar history except they were moved the other way round, from their homeland in present-day Chile to the valley of Tarija.[3]

The Churumatas are mentioned in sources as having a homeland inmediately southeast of Tarija in the valleys around the rivers of Guadalquivir and Camacho.[1] Possibly they were a partiality of the Chichas.[1]

According to the 2022 census 47 persons identify as Churumata in Argentina while there is no Churumata entry in the prior 2010 census.[4][5]

In 1596 Churumatas and Moyos Moyos in Colpavilque rebelled against the Spanish.[6]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Presta, Ana María; del Rio, Mercedes (1993). "Reflexiones sobre los churumatas del sur de Bolivia, siglos XVI-XVII". Histórica (in Spanish). XVII (2): 223–237.
  2. ^ a b c d e Barragán V., Mario E. (2020). "Los churumatas del valle de Elqui, en Chile y los indios Tomatas "Copiapóes" de Tarija". Revista Científica de Humanidades (in Spanish). 2 (2): 1–14.
  3. ^ a b Patiño, Roberto (January 20, 2019). "Churumatas y tomatas, la conexión chilena en Tarija". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved January 20, 2020.
  4. ^ "Censo 2022". INDEC. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
  5. ^ "Censo 2001–2010" [Table P1. Total population and intercensus absolute and relative variation by province or jurisdiction, 2001–2010]. INDEC (in Spanish). Archived from the original (XLS) on 2 September 2011.
  6. ^ Barragán, Mario E. (2016). La conquista Inca de Tarija