Cheyenne Valley, Wisconsin

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Cheyenne Valley
Ghost town
Cheyenne Valley is located in Wisconsin
Cheyenne Valley
Cheyenne Valley
Coordinates: 43°38′59″N 90°21′01″W / 43.649767°N 90.350399°W / 43.649767; -90.350399
CountryUnited States
StateWisconsin
CountyVernon

Cheyenne Valley, Wisconsin was a former community in Vernon County, Wisconsin. It was a multi-racial community and is primarily known as a 19th-century rural African American settlement, which was the largest in the state.[1][2][3]

It is now the site of Cheyenne Settlers Heritage Park in Hillsboro, Wisconsin (across from Mount Vernon Cemetery), and it contains a historical marker erected in 1997 by the Wisconsin Historical Society (no. 383).[4]

History

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Wesley Barton
Wesley Barton

Cheyenne Valley, Wisconsin was named after a valley and is located off Wisconsin Highway 33, near Hillsboro and between Ontario and Hillsboro; the area had previously been a part of Forest, Vernon County, Wisconsin before its establishment of a new community.[5] The settlement was created by nearly 150 African American settlers, who had moved north before the American Civil War with assistance by the Quakers.[4][5] Most had worked as farmers in the area.[5] Another early Black farming settlement had formed around the same time period in Pleasant Ridge near Lancaster in Grant County, Wisconsin.[6]

The first settler was Walden Stewart in 1855, who was Black and born free in North Carolina.[7] Stewart was followed by five more Black families to the area, including the Bartons (Wesley Barton), Revels (Micajah Revels), Roberts (Ishmael Roberts), Waldrons (Samuel Waldron), and Basses (Elijah Bass).[5][6][8] A decade after the American Civil War had been a second wave of migration, which included in 1879 notable resident Thomas Shivers from Tennessee.[6] By 1870 there were eleven Black families (and some 62 people) living in the area.[5][6]

Early settler Wesley Barton (c. 1824–?), founded the settlement of Barton Corners (sometimes written as Barton's Corners), now known as Burr Corners in Vernon County.[6] He also served as the first postmaster.[6]

Alga “Algie” Shivers (1889–1978), the son of Thomas Shivers, built and/or designed at least fifteen round barns in the area.[9][10][11]

Modern history

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For many years this was considered a "lost community" by historians, and it was brought forward in part through work by sociologist James Knox Phillips in the 1960s.[7]

In 2008, descendants from the Cheyenne Valley community gathered at Cardinal Stritch University to discuss their upbringing.[12]

The Cheyenne Valley Heritage Committee, and the Cheyenne Valley Heritage Road Tours are based in Hillsboro.[13]

References

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  1. ^ "Local History Topics: Cheyenne Valley". Vernon County History. Retrieved August 27, 2025.
  2. ^ Mortensen, Becky (February 28, 2023). "3 Wisconsin places to visit for Black History Month". WUWM - Milwaukee's NPR. Retrieved August 27, 2025.
  3. ^ "Lost Towns of Southern Wisconsin". Wisconsin Public Television. October 28, 2014. Archived from the original on November 28, 2016. Retrieved September 3, 2016.
  4. ^ a b "African American Settlers of Cheyenne Valley Historical Marker". Historical Marker Database (HMDB). Retrieved August 27, 2025.
  5. ^ a b c d e Hardie, Chris (February 17, 2025). "Black pioneers settled in Wisconsin's Cheyenne Valley where they successfully farmed after the Civil War". Wisconsin State Farmer. Retrieved August 27, 2025.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Cooper, Zachary L. (1983). Coming Together, Coming Apart: Black Settlers in Rural Wisconsin : Teacher's Manual. Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. p. 6.
  7. ^ a b Heasley, Lynne (April 19, 2012). A Thousand Pieces of Paradise: Landscape and Property in the Kickapoo Valley. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 98, 226. ISBN 978-0-299-21393-0.
  8. ^ "American Settlers of Cheyenne Valley". Cheyenne Valley Heritage Tour.
  9. ^ "The Round Barns of Vernon County". Driftless Wisconsin. March 21, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2025.
  10. ^ Galligan, Jeff. "Algie Shivers and Round Barns of Vernon County". BIPOC Birding Club of Wisconsin. Retrieved August 27, 2025.
  11. ^ "Round Barns of Vernon County". Vernon County History. Retrieved August 27, 2025.
  12. ^ "Settlement at Hillsboro, WI". WUWM - Milwaukee's NPR. Retrieved August 27, 2025.
  13. ^ "5 African American Cultural Sites in WI". TravelWisconsin. Retrieved August 27, 2025.
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