Cheloninae
| Cheloninae | |
|---|---|
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| Imago of an unidentified Ascogaster species | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Braconidae |
| Subfamily: | Cheloninae Foerster, 1863 |
| Tribes | |
Cheloninae is a cosmopolitan subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps.
Description
[edit]Most Cheloninae are small and uniformly colored. They have a characteristic metasomal carapace formed from the fusion of the first three tergites.[citation needed]
Biology
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They are solitary koinobionts which parasitize Lepidoptera, especially Pyraloidea and Tortricoidea, but also other taxa whose larvae bore in stems, buds or fruits. Chelonines are egg-larval parasitoids, meaning they oviposit into a host egg, but the wasp larvae do not complete development until the caterpillar has hatched and matured. Chelonines carry polydnaviruses which aid in overcoming their hosts' immune system.[1]
Taxonomy and phylogeny
[edit]The tribe Adeliini previously was thought to belong to the Adeliinae, but is now confirmed to be nested within Cheloninae.[2]
Genera
[edit]Genera placed in Cheloninae include:
- Adelius Haliday, 1834
- Carinadelius Ranjith & van Achterberg, 2021[3]
- Paradelius de Saeger, 1942
- Sinadelius He and Chen, 2000
- Sculptomyriola Belokobylskij, 1988
- Ascogaster Wesmael, 1835 (paraphyletic?[citation needed])
- Austroascogaster Kittel and Austin, 2014
- Chelonus Panzer, 1806
- †Diodontogaster Brues, 1933
- †Eobracon Cockerell, 1920
- Leptodrepana Shaw, 1990
- Megascogaster Baker, 1926
Tribe Odontosphaeropygini
[edit]- Odontosphaeropyx Cameron, 1910
Tribe Phanerotomini
[edit]- Dentigaster Zettel, 1990
- Huseyinia Koçak and Kemal, 2008
- Leptochelonus Zettel, 1990
- Phanaustrotoma Kittel and Austin, 2014
- Phanerotoma Wesmael, 1838
- Phanerotomella Szépligeti, 1900
- Phanerotomoides Zettel, 1990
- Pseudophanerotoma Zettel, 1990
- Siniphanerotomella He et al., 1994
- Wushenia Zettel, 1990
References
[edit]- ^ Murphy, Nicholas; Banks, Jonathan C.; Whitfield, James B.; Austin, Andrew D. (2008-04-01). "Phylogeny of the parasitic microgastroid subfamilies (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on sequence data from seven genes, with an improved time estimate of the origin of the lineage". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 47 (1): 378–395. Bibcode:2008MolPE..47..378M. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.022. PMID 18325792.
- ^ Kittel, R.N.; Austin, A.D.; Klopfstein, S. (2016). "Molecular and morphological phylogenetics of chelonine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a critical assessment of divergence time estimations". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 101: 224–241. Bibcode:2016MolPE.101..224K. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.016. PMID 27179700.
- ^ Ranjith, A.P.; van Achterberg, Cornelis; Samartsev, Konstantin G.; Nasser, M. (2021). "Discovery of the chelonine tribe Adeliini Viereck, 1918 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the Indian subcontinent with the description of a new genus from south India". Zootaxa. 4926 (1): 1–25. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4926.1.1.
External links
[edit]
photos on BugGuide.net
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