Chamchamal
Chamchamal
Çemçemal | |
|---|---|
Town | |
| چەمچەماڵ | |
 | |
  Chamchamal | |
| Coordinates: 35°32′0″N 44°50′0″E / 35.53333°N 44.83333°E | |
| Country |  Iraq |
| Autonomous region |  Kurdistan Region |
| Province | Sulaymaniyah Governorate |
| Population (2024) | |
• Total | 173,000 |
Chamchamal (Kurdish: چهمچهماڵ, romanized: Çemçemal,[1][2] Arabic: جمجمال) is a town located in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The town is located close to the disputed territories of Northern Iraq. Chamchamal is home to the Gorani-speaking Kurdish Hamawand tribe.[3]
As part of the Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq, and the redrawing of provincial boundaries, Chamchamal became part of the Sulaymaniyah province.[4]
Population and location
[edit]The city is a 30 minutes drive east from Kirkuk and an hour west of Sulaymaniyah.[5] The population was 58,000 in 2003.[5] The population in 2018 was 65,300 people, the vast majority being Kurds.
History
[edit]The city has a historic citadel, and early Western observers of the region speculated that it has been inhabited since the Sassanid period.[6] The Chamchamal valley is also home to important paleolithic sites of Jarmo and Zarzi.[7] The city broke away from Kirkuk Governorate in 1976 and was given to Sulaymaniyah Governorate.
In June 2024, the Peshmerga Martyrs’ Museum was opened in the town. It commemorates the 'martyrs' of the War against the Islamic State by displaying personal belongings and artifacts.[8]
Climate
[edit]| Climate data for Chamchamal | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.3 (50.5) |
12.2 (54.0) |
16.6 (61.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
30.1 (86.2) |
36.7 (98.1) |
40.4 (104.7) |
40.2 (104.4) |
36.2 (97.2) |
29.5 (85.1) |
20.1 (68.2) |
13.0 (55.4) |
25.7 (78.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.3 (34.3) |
2.5 (36.5) |
6.0 (42.8) |
10.6 (51.1) |
15.8 (60.4) |
21.3 (70.3) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.7 (76.5) |
20.3 (68.5) |
14.9 (58.8) |
8.6 (47.5) |
3.3 (37.9) |
12.8 (55.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 126 (5.0) |
104 (4.1) |
108 (4.3) |
60 (2.4) |
29 (1.1) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
5 (0.2) |
47 (1.9) |
86 (3.4) |
565 (22.2) |
| Source: Climate-data.org | |||||||||||||
Notable people
[edit]- Thanun Pyriadi (born 1933), chemist, from Ali Mansour village
See also
[edit]- Garmekan (Sasanian province located in modern-day Kurdistan Region of Iraq)
- Garmian Region
- Beth Garmai
References
[edit]- ^ "نووسینگهی پاسپۆرت له قهزای چهمچهماڵ دهكرێتهوه". www.peyam.net (in Kurdish).
- ^ "Li Çemçemal û Silêmaniyeyê çalakiyên ciwanan -NÛ BÛ". ANF News (in Kurdish). Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ^ "Country Policy and Information Note Iraq: Blood feuds". 2017. p. 9. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ^ "Kirkuk – Peshmerga Resilience and Triumph Against ISIS". Washington Kurdish Institute. 2016-03-21. Retrieved 2025-09-20.
- ^ a b "Letter From Chamchamal, Iraq — March 17, 2003". Poynter. Retrieved 2016-01-20.
- ^ "Historic landmarks under threat in Chamchamal, Iraqi Kurdistan". ekurd.net. 2009-09-01. Retrieved 2016-01-20.
- ^ (UNESCO), Sanz, Nuria (2015-09-07). Human origin sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia. UNESCO Publishing. ISBN 9789231001079.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "In Pictures | Peshmerga Martyrs' Museum in Chamchamal". Basnews. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 20 September 2025.
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