Bude

  1. Home
  2. Wiki
For other uses, see Bude (disambiguation).

Bude
Bude is located in Cornwall
Bude
Bude
Location within Cornwall
Population7,350 (Built up area, 2021)[1]
OS grid referenceSS215065
Civil parish
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townBUDE
Postcode districtEX23
Dialling code01288
PoliceDevon and Cornwall
FireCornwall
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
Websitewww.visitbude.info www.bude-stratton.gov.uk/
List of places
UK
England
Cornwall
50°49′26″N 4°32′31″W / 50.824°N 4.542°W / 50.824; -4.542

Bude (/bjuːd/, locally /buːd/[2] or /bɛwd/;[3] Cornish Standard Written Form: Porthbud[4]) is a seaside town in north Cornwall, England, in the civil parish of Bude-Stratton and at the mouth of the River Neet (also known locally as the River Strat). It was sometimes formerly known as Bude Haven.[5] It lies southwest of Stratton, south of Flexbury and Poughill, and north of Widemouth Bay, located along the A3073 road off the A39. Bude is twinned with Ergué-Gabéric in Brittany, France.[6] Bude's coast faces Bude Bay in the Celtic Sea, part of the Atlantic Ocean. At the 2021 census, the built-up area as defined by the Office of National Statistics had a population of 7,350.

Its earlier importance was as a harbour, and then a source of sea sand useful for improving the inland soil. This was transported on the Bude Canal. The Victorians favoured it as a seaside resort. With new rail links, it became a popular seaside destination in the 20th century. Bradshaw's Guide of 1866, Section 2, described Bude as: "a small port and picturesque village in the north-eastern extremity of Cornwall". It described the town as having the dignity of a fashionable marine resort with excellent facilities for bathers. The harbour bed consists of fine bright yellow sand consisting of small shells. "The sea view is of a striking, bold and sublime description – the rocks rising on every side to lofty broken elevations". It also describes Bude as a romantic retreat.

Geography

[edit]

Bude lies just west of Stratton and north of Widemouth Bay and is located along the A3073 road off the A39 road. The section of the A39 running through Bude is known as the Atlantic Highway.[7]

Coastline

[edit]

A section of Bude's coast, between Compass Cove to the south and Furzey Cove to the north, is a SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest) noted for its geological and biological interest.[8] Part of the land designated as the Bude Coast Site of Special Scientific Interest is owned by the National Trust.[9] Carboniferous sandstone cliffs surround Bude. During the Variscan Orogeny the strata were heavily faulted and folded. As the sands and cliffs around Bude contain calcium carbonate (a natural fertiliser), farmers used to take sand from the beach, for spreading on their fields. The cliffs around Bude are the only ones in Cornwall that are made of Carboniferous sandstone, as most of the Cornish coast is formed of Devonian slate, granite and Precambrian metamorphic rocks.[8] The stratified cliffs of Bude give their name to a sequence of rocks called the Bude Formation. Many formations can be viewed from the South West Coast Path which passes through the town.

Many ships have been wrecked on the jagged reefs which fringe the base of the cliffs. The figurehead of one of these, the Bencoolen, a barque whose wrecking in 1862 resulted in the drowning of most of the crew, was preserved in the churchyard but was transferred to the town museum to save it from further decay.[10][11] The aftermath of the wreck of the Bencoolen was described by Robert Stephen Hawker in letters which were published in Hawker's Poetical Works (1879).[12]

Climate

[edit]

Like the rest of the British Isles and South West England, Bude experiences a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters. Temperature extremes at the Met Office weather station at Bude range from −11.1 °C (12.0 °F) during February 1969[13] to 36.0 °C (96.8 °F) in July 2022.[14] The Met Office recorded Bude as the sunniest place in the United Kingdom during the summer of 2013 with 783 hours of sunlight.[15]

Climate data for Bude, elevation: 7 m (23 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1960–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.5
(59.9) 		16.7
(62.1) 		21.1
(70.0) 		25.3
(77.5) 		27.1
(80.8) 		32.2
(90.0) 		36.0
(96.8) 		31.6
(88.9) 		27.9
(82.2) 		24.0
(75.2) 		18.1
(64.6) 		17.2
(63.0) 		36.0
(96.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.4
(48.9) 		9.4
(48.9) 		10.8
(51.4) 		12.8
(55.0) 		15.5
(59.9) 		17.7
(63.9) 		19.3
(66.7) 		19.4
(66.9) 		18.1
(64.6) 		15.2
(59.4) 		12.3
(54.1) 		10.1
(50.2) 		14.2
(57.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.8
(44.2) 		6.7
(44.1) 		7.7
(45.9) 		9.3
(48.7) 		12.0
(53.6) 		14.4
(57.9) 		16.2
(61.2) 		16.4
(61.5) 		14.8
(58.6) 		12.2
(54.0) 		9.5
(49.1) 		7.4
(45.3) 		11.1
(52.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 4.3
(39.7) 		3.9
(39.0) 		4.7
(40.5) 		5.9
(42.6) 		8.5
(47.3) 		11.1
(52.0) 		13.2
(55.8) 		13.4
(56.1) 		11.5
(52.7) 		9.3
(48.7) 		6.6
(43.9) 		4.7
(40.5) 		8.1
(46.6)
Record low °C (°F) −10.6
(12.9) 		−11.1
(12.0) 		−7.8
(18.0) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		1.1
(34.0) 		4.2
(39.6) 		3.9
(39.0) 		1.4
(34.5) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−8.9
(16.0) 		−11.1
(12.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 91.0
(3.58) 		73.3
(2.89) 		57.9
(2.28) 		53.3
(2.10) 		52.4
(2.06) 		59.4
(2.34) 		71.0
(2.80) 		77.7
(3.06) 		65.4
(2.57) 		97.8
(3.85) 		104.0
(4.09) 		102.4
(4.03) 		905.7
(35.66)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 15.2 12.5 11.9 10.2 9.8 10.3 10.9 12.3 11.1 15.0 17.2 16.4 152.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 61.3 87.7 129.6 185.8 220.8 208.2 198.8 187.1 160.8 114.1 69.2 55.5 1,679
Source: Met Office[16] ECA&D[17]

History and description

[edit]
Bude Methodist Church

Bude-Stratton is said to have been a settlement since the Bronze Age[18] but nothing remains of it.

Efford Manor, seat of the Arundell family of Trerice, was the only building here in the Middle Ages. Bude or Porthbud was known as Bede's Haven, the 'chapel' or 'hermitage' on the rock, Bede being the holy man who lived there, on what is now the breakwater. The original breakwater was destroyed in 1838 by a terrible storm, while the newer version was constructed in 1839. The spectacular sandstone coast here is a Site of Specific Scientific Interest, known for jagged reefs, implicated in many past shipwrecks.[19] Alongside the sea and by the canal runs the river Neet (or Strat). The two halves of the town are connected by Nanny Moore's bridge, a grade two listed building,[20] named after a 19th-century ‘dipper’ who lived nearby. Beyond this lay the quay, rebuilt in 1577 with funds from the Blanchminster charity.

The river divided the land owned by two Cornish families. South of the river was owned by Sir John Arundell, while land to the north was owned by Sir Richard Grenville of Stowe Barton, Kilkhampton. During the 1700-1800s, Bude was a thriving port used by smaller vessels. Over time, the land changed hands – the Grenville land passed to the Carterets/Thynnes while the Arundell land passed to the Aclands. Bude and neighbouring Stratton are relevant in the English Civil War, with Nanny Moore's Bridge featuring as a passe over the river for the Royalists.

Victorian resort

[edit]
The Haven, the Atlantic Ocean and the beach at Bude

Bude became popular in Victorian times for sea bathing, inspired by the Romantic movement. The ladies used Crooklets Beach while the gentlemen were segregated to Summerleaze. Workers flocked to Bude for the building of the canal, but as shipping dwindled, and the railway reached dominance, Bude concentrated on the emergent tourist trade. By 1926, there were 59 boarding houses and 5 hotels: the Falcon, Grenville, Globe, Norfolk and the Commercial.

Landmarks and attractions

[edit]

Beaches

[edit]
View of the beach in Bude and the canal coming to an end as it reaches the sea lock (on left of image)
The sea lock on Bude Canal
Bude Sea Pool

There are a number of good beaches in the Bude area, many of which offer good surfing conditions and many of which are dog-friendly.[21] Bude Lifeboat Station is at Summerleaze beach.[22] Bude was the founder club in British Surf Life Saving.[citation needed]

  • Summerleaze, Crooklets and 'middle' beach, are all within the town;
  • Widemouth Bay is a few miles south of the town and offers a long, wide sandy beach;
  • Sandymouth Beach is owned by the National Trust, and has spectacular cliffs and rock formations with shingle below the cliffs and a large expanse of sand at low tide. There are also a number of other coves and beaches to be found and explored in the local area.

Bude Harbour and Canal

[edit]

In the 18th century there was a small unprotected tidal harbour at Bude. The Bude Canal Company built a canal and improved the harbour. Around twenty small boats use the tidal moorings of the original harbour during the summer months. Most are sport fishermen, but there is also some small-scale, semi-commercial, fishing for crab and lobster.

There is a wharf on the Bude Canal about half a mile from the sea lock that links the canal to the tidal haven. This can be opened only at or near high tide, and then only when sea conditions allow. North Cornwall District Council administered the canal, harbour and lock gates until its abolition in March 2009.[23] These gates were renewed after the originals were damaged in a storm in 2008. They are the only manually operated sea lock gates in England. The pier head by the locks is a Grade II listed structure.

The canal is one of the few of note in south-west England. Its original purpose was to take small tub boats of mineral-rich sand from the beaches at Bude and carry them inland for agricultural use on fields. A series of inclined planes carried the boats over 400 vertical feet (120 m) to Red Post, where the canal branched south along the upper Tamar Valley towards Launceston east to Holsworthy and north to the Tamar Lakes, that fed the canal. The enterprise was always in financial difficulty, but it carried considerable volumes of sand and also coal from south Wales. The arrival of the railway at Holsworthy and the production of cheap manufactured fertiliser undermined the canal's commercial purpose, and it was closed down and sold to the district municipal water company. However the wharf area and harbour enjoyed longer success, and coastal sailing ships carried grain across to Wales and coal back to Cornwall.

Notable buildings

[edit]
Bude Castle

Notable buildings include the parish church of St Michael and All Angels, built in 1835 and enlarged in 1876 (the architect was George Wightwick), Ebbingford Manor,[24] and the town's oldest house, Quay Cottage in the centre of town. Bude Castle was built about 1830 on sand on a concrete raft for Victorian inventor Sir Goldsworthy Gurney and is now a heritage centre.[25] Gurney also invented the Bude-Light.

Bude sculpture

[edit]
Bude Light 2000

A conical installation, also referred to as the 'Bude Light', was opened in June 2000 near Bude Castle to mark the millennium and to remember Goldsworthy Gurney, the Bude-Lights' inventor. It was designed by artist Carole Vincent and Anthony Fanshawe. It has a light at its apex, and is also lit internally with fibre-optics displaying star constellations.[26]

At the northernmost point of Efford Down Farm, overlooking Summerleaze Beach and the breakwater, a former coastguard lookout stands. Known as Compass Point and built by the Acland family in 1840 of local sandstone, it is based on the Temple of Winds in Athens. It was moved to its current position in 1880 and again in 2023 to protect it from collapse due to cliff erosion. It is so called as it has points of the compass carved in each of its octagonal sides.[27]

In 1953, Bude became home to the first Surf Life Saving Club in the UK,[28] while the popular lido Bude Sea Pool opened in 1930. This was previously administered by Cornwall Council but lost public funding in 2010/11. The Friends of Bude Sea Pool was created in 2011 to secure its future.

Bude Tunnel

[edit]
Interior of the "Bude Tunnel" in 2023

In September 2018, the "Bude Tunnel", a 70-metre (80-yard) perspex walkway at the Bude Sainsbury's supermarket site was mentioned in the national press after becoming the town's top-rated attraction on TripAdvisor.[29][30][31] Reviews facetiously compared the tunnel to the Taj Mahal, Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Great Sphinx of Giza.[31] The popularity caused TripAdvisor to temporarily suspend all reviews for the Bude Tunnel, citing a number of reviews that "do not describe a first-hand experience".[32] The tunnel continued to be the top attraction for at least four months after the suspension.[33] In December of that year, the tunnel was covered in Christmas lights.[34][33] Reviews of the tunnel were reinstated by the website in October 2023, causing another influx of positive reviews.[35]

Gorsedh Kernow

[edit]

In 2021, Bude hosted the Gorsedh Kernow (a festival of Cornish culture and bardic ceremony) as it did in 1961, 1975, and 1993. The festival was scheduled to take place in 2020, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[36]

Media

[edit]

Local TV coverage is provided by BBC South West and ITV West Country. Television signals are received from the Caradon Hill TV transmitter.[37]

Local radio stations are BBC Radio Cornwall on 95.2 FM, Heart West on 105.1 FM, Greatest Hits Radio on 102.2 FM and Piran Radio, a community based radio station which broadcasts online.[38]

Bude developed its own newspaper in 1924, The Bude and Stratton Post.[39]

Progressive rock band King Crimson wrote a song dedicated to the town and included it as the first track on their EP Happy with What You Have to Be Happy With.

Railway

[edit]

From 1879 Bude's nearest railway station was at Holsworthy, ten miles away. The railway came to Bude itself in 1898.[40] The line was built by the London & South Western Railway, but was incorporated into the Southern Railway in 1923 and British Railways in 1948.

Bude railway station was served by the Atlantic Coast Express, providing a direct service to/from London Waterloo, until it was discontinued in 1964. Bude station and the entire Bude branch line closed on 1 October 1966 as part of the Beeching cuts.

Bude and neighbouring Stratton are more distant from the rail network than any other towns in England.[41] Okehampton (29 miles), Barnstaple (35 miles north east), Bodmin Parkway (32 miles south) and Gunnislake (32 miles sse) are the nearest National Rail stations with regular services.

Industry

[edit]

Tourism is the main industry in the Bude area whilst some fishing is carried on. In the past, the staple trade was the export of sand, which, being highly charged with calcium carbonate, was much used as fertiliser. There are also golf links in the town.

The Bude area is also a telecommunications hub, with major subsea cables landing at nearby Widemouth Bay.[42] The eavesdropping facility known as GCHQ Bude is just north of the town in Morwenstow. It is the largest employer in the area, with over 250 civil servants and contractors employed there.

Governance

[edit]

There are two tiers of local government covering Bude, at parish (town) and unitary authority level: Bude–Stratton Town Council and Cornwall Council. The town council is based at the Parkhouse Centre in Bude.[43]

Bude is in the North Cornwall parliamentary constituency which is represented by Ben Maguire MP.

Administrative history

[edit]

Bude historically formed part of the ancient parish of Stratton. When district councils were established in 1894, the parish of Stratton was included in the Stratton Rural District.[44] In 1900 a new urban district called "Stratton and Bude" was created from most of the parish of Stratton, including both its main settlements of Bude and Stratton, as well as the Flexbury area from the parish of Poughill. Stratton and Bude Urban District Council therefore took over district-level functions within its area from Stratton Rural District Council.[45]

Bude Castle

In 1934 the urban district was enlarged to take in the residual rural parts of Stratton parish and the rest of Poughill parish, including the village. At the same time, the urban district's name was changed from "Stratton and Bude" to "Bude–Stratton".[46] In 1947, Bude–Stratton Urban District Council bought Bude Castle (built 1830) to serve as its headquarters.[47][48]

Bude–Stratton Urban District was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, with district-level functions passing to the new North Cornwall District Council.[49][50] A successor parish called Bude–Stratton was created at the same time covering the area of the abolished urban district, with its parish council taking the name Bude–Stratton Town Council.[51] North Cornwall was in turn abolished in 2009. Cornwall County Council then took on district-level functions, making it a unitary authority, and was renamed Cornwall Council.[52][53]

Sport

[edit]

The town is home to a number of sports teams including Bude RFC – the town's rugby club, and Bude Town – the local football club. Bude is the host town of the North Cornwall Cup, a large youth football event held every August. Bude & North Cornwall Golf Club is ideally situated within the town centre. Bude is also home to the Bude Cricket Club.

Cornish wrestling

[edit]

There have been Cornish wrestling tournaments, for prizes, in Bude for at least a couple of centuries.[54][55] Venues for tournaments included: the Castle grounds,[56] Broadclose Hill[57] and the Football ground.[58]

See also Cornish wrestling in Poughill.

Notable residents

[edit]
  • The Canadian photographer Hannah Hatherly Maynard (1834–1918), best known for her portrait work and experimental photography involving photomontage and multiple exposures, was born in Bude and grew up there.[59]
  • The writer Jean Rhys (1890–1979) lived in Bude in the late 1950s and began the final version of her most successful novel, Wide Sargasso Sea, while there.[60]
  • Pamela Colman Smith (1878–1951), artist, illustrator, and writer, best known for designing the Rider-Waite-Smith deck of divinatory tarot cards for Arthur Edward Waite, lived in Bude, and died there on 18 September 1951.
  • Step-brothers George Mills, author of children's books, and Arthur F. H. Mills, the crime and adventure novelist, were born in Bude; their grandfather Arthur Mills, MP, lived nearby at Efford Down House.
  • Rennie Montague Bere was a British mountaineer, naturalist and nature conservationist who lived in a nearby cottage in his retirement; among his books are The Book of Bude and Stratton and The Nature of Cornwall.
  • Sir Laurence Dudley Stamp, one of the leading British geographers of the 20th century, lived in Bude in his retirement.
  • American singer-songwriter Tori Amos has a home and studio in Bude.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Towns and cities, characteristics of built-up areas, England and Wales: Census 2021". Census 2021. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  2. ^ "Bude". iwalkcornwall.co.uk. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  3. ^ Lander, June (2003). How do you say..? Places in Cornwall. St. Agnes: Martyn Kimmins Print. p. 22. ISBN 09506765-3-5.
  4. ^ "List of Place-names agreed by the MAGA Signage Panel" (PDF). Cornish Language Partnership. May 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  5. ^ Cornish Church Guide (1925) Truro: Blackford; p. 66
  6. ^ "Bude Is Twinned With ERGUE- GABERIC....a taster..." Bude People. 10 May 2011. Archived from the original on 11 January 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  7. ^ "Cornwall County Council – Official Naming Ceremony For Atlantic Highway". 30 September 2007. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  8. ^ a b "Bude Coast" (PDF). Natural England. 1987. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  9. ^ "Mapping the habitats of England's ten largest institutional landowners". Who owns England?. 6 October 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  10. ^ Mee, Arthur (1937) Cornwall. (The King's England.) London: Hodder & Stoughton; p. 38
  11. ^ Seal, Jeremy (2 April 2002). "Cornwall: the Shipwreck Coast". Daily Telegraph (The). Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  12. ^ Hawker, R. S. (1879) The Poetical Works of Robert Stephen Hawker; [ed.] by J. G. Godwin. London: C. Kegan Paul; pp. xi–xiii
  13. ^ "1969 temperature". KNMI.
  14. ^ "Unprecedented extreme heatwave, July 2022" (PDF). www.metoffice.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  15. ^ "Summer of 2013". BBC News. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  16. ^ "Bude 1991–2020 averages". Met Office. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  17. ^ "Indices Data – Bude STAID 1817". KNMI. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  18. ^ Bere, Rennie; Dudley Stamp, Bryan (1980). The Book of Bude & Stratton. Buckingham: Barracuda Books. ISBN 9780860230557.
  19. ^ "Blanchminster Trust".
  20. ^ "British Listed Buildings". Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  21. ^ "Dog-Friendly Beaches in Bude". visitdevonandcornwall.uk. Visit Devon & Cornwall. 6 October 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  22. ^ "Bude Lifeboat Station". RNLI. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  23. ^ "North Cornwall District Council". Ncdc.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  24. ^ Pevsner, N. (1970) Cornwall; 2nd ed. Penguin; pp. 47 (the house is mainly mid 18th century though there was a manor house here in the 14th century)
  25. ^ "Bude Castle". British Listed Buildings Online. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
  26. ^ "The Bude Light". batch.artuk.org. Art UK. Retrieved 6 April 2025.
  27. ^ "Efford Down Stables, Camping, and Business Park , Bude, Cornwall, UK". Efforddown.co.uk. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  28. ^ "Bude Surf Life Saving Club-History". Bude SLSC. Retrieved 6 April 2025.
  29. ^ Haynes, Gavin (5 September 2018). "'A great place to drink': how a Sainsbury's car park tunnel became Bude's top attraction". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  30. ^ Ough, Tom (30 September 2018). "The Cornish town that's home to the world's greatest tunnel". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  31. ^ a b "Bude supermarket tunnel tops TripAdvisor ratings". BBC News. 3 September 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  32. ^ "TripAdvisor suspends reviews for 'Bude tunnel'". BBC News. 17 September 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  33. ^ a b Barrie, Josh (10 December 2018). "Cult Sainsbury's tourist attraction covered in Christmas lights". i. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  34. ^ "Christmas lights tunnel is 'magical'". BBC News. 10 December 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  35. ^ Hawksworth, Izzy (23 October 2023). "'Supermarket tunnel' becomes one of the UK's highest-rated tourist attractions again". The Independent. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  36. ^ "Gorsedh Kernow – the Celtic Spirit of Cornwall". gorsedhkernow.org.uk. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  37. ^ "Full Freeview on the Caradon Hill (Cornwall, England) transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  38. ^ "Radio show gives community new voice". Bude & Stratton Post. 18 September 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  39. ^ "The Bude and Stratton Post". British Papers. 25 September 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  40. ^ David J Wroe (1988). The Bude Branch. ISBN 978-0-946184-43-9.
  41. ^ Rae, Alisdair. "Train Stations of Great Britain".
  42. ^ Teresa Cottam (21 January 2021). "How a Cornish Seaside Resort Keeps Digital Britain Connected". Omnisperience.
  43. ^ "Contact us". Bude–Stratton Town Council. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  44. ^ "Stratton Ancient Parish / Civil Parish". A Vision of Britain through Time. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  45. ^ Annual Report of the Local Government Board. 1900. pp. 314, 318. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  46. ^ "Bude Stratton Civil Parish". A Vision of Britain through Time. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  47. ^ "Our history". The Castle Heritage Centre. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  48. ^ Historic England. "The Castle and walls to the north-west and south-east (Grade II) (1328495)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  49. ^ "The English Non-metropolitan Districts (Definition) Order 1972", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, SI 1972/2039, retrieved 3 March 2023
  50. ^ "The English Non-metropolitan Districts (Names) Order 1973", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, SI 1973/551, retrieved 3 March 2023
  51. ^ "The Local Government (Successor Parishes) Order 1973", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, SI 1973/1110, retrieved 31 August 2025
  52. ^ "The Cornwall (Structural Change) Order 2008", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, SI 2008/491, retrieved 19 February 2024
  53. ^ "The Local Government (Structural Changes) (Miscellaneous Amendments and Other Provision) Order 2009: Article 3", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, SI 2009/837 (art. 3)
  54. ^ Royal Cornwall Gazette, 7 August 1819.
  55. ^ The West Briton, 11 August 2011.
  56. ^ Cornish Guardian, 12 August 1948.
  57. ^ West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser, 6 August 1908.
  58. ^ Cornish & Devon Post, 21 July 1906.
  59. ^ Wilks, Claire Weissman. The Magic Box: The Eccentric Genius of Hannah Maynard. Exile Editions, Toronto, 1980. ISBN 0-920428-34-7
  60. ^ Paravisini-Gebert, Lizabeth (1998). "Jean Rhys and Phyllis Shand Allfrey: The Story of a Friendship" (PDF). The Jean Rhys Review. 9 (1–2): 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2013.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bude, Cornwall.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Bude".