Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1430–1431) orders of battle

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Hanthawaddy and Toungoo forces laid siege to Prome

This is a list of orders of battle for the Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1430–1431).

Background

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Sources

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The orders of battles in this article are sourced from the main royal chronicles—the Maha Yazawin, the Yazawin Thit and the Hmannan Yazawin, which primarily narrate the war from the Ava side, as well as the Toungoo Yazawin for the Toungoo side.[note 1] The Slapat Rajawan edited by Arthur Purves Phayre also provides the Hanthawaddy-side figures.[1]

Adjustment of strength figures

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The military strength figures in this article have been reduced by an order of magnitude from those reported in the chronicles, following G.E. Harvey's and Victor Lieberman's analyses of Burmese chronicles' military strength figures in general.[note 2]

Battle of Prome

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Hanthawaddy–Toungoo alliance

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Pegu–Toungoo Order of Battle, 1430–1431
Unit Commander Strength[note 3] Reference(s)
Hanthawaddy Strike Force Binnya Ran I (6500 to) 10,000 troops, 100 cavalry, 30 elephants, 700 war boats [note 4]
Navy Binnya Ein (3000 to) 5000 troops, 700 war boats
Army Smin Bayan (3500 to) 5000 troops, 100 cavalry, 30 elephants
including:
Toungoo Army Thinkhaya III of Toungoo 5000 troops, 100 cavalry, 20 elephants [note 5]

Ava

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Late 1430–early 1431

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Ava Order of Battle, 1430–1431
Unit Commander Strength[note 3] Reference(s)
Prome Regiment Thihathu of Prome ? [note 6]

c. February 1431

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Ava Order of Battle, c. February 1431
Unit Commander Strength[note 3] Reference(s)
Army Thihapate I of Pakhan 8 regiments (5000 troops, 800 cavalry, 50 elephants) [note 7]
Including...
Sagaing Regiment Yazathingyan
Pakhan Regiment Thihapate I of Pakhan
Navy Thado 8 regiments (8000 troops, 500 war boats, 200 armored war boats, 500 cargo boats) [note 8]
Including:
  • Sittuyinga "Tuyinga" Bo

Notes

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  1. ^ See the main chronicle narratives in (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 67–70), (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 279–280), and (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 71–74). See (Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 28–29) for Toungoo's contribution in the war.
  2. ^ See (Harvey 1925: 333–335)'s "Numerical Note". (Lieberman 2014: 98) writing on the First Toungoo period concurs: "Military mobilizations were probably more of a boast than a realistic estimate. Modern industrial states have difficulty placing 10% of their people under arms."
  3. ^ a b c Unless otherwise stated, the military mobilization figures in this article are reduced by an order of magnitude from those reported in the royal chronicles, per G.E. Harvey's analysis in his History of Burma (1925) in the section Numerical Note (pp. 333–335).
  4. ^ Naval strength:
    • Maha Yazawin, Yazawin Thit and Hmannan Yazawin: 50,000 troops, 500 war boats, 200 armored (ironclad) war boats[2][3][4]
    • Toungoo Yazawin: 50,000 troops, 3000 cavalry [sic], 500 war boats, 200 ironclad war boats[5]
    • Slapat Rajawan (Phayre 1873): 30,000 troops[1]
    Army strength:
    • Maha Yazawin and Yazawin Thit: 50,000 troops, 1000 cavalry, 300 war elephants, 200 pack elephants[2][3]
    • Hmannan Yazawin: 50,000 troops, 1000 cavalry, 300 elephants[4]
    • Toungoo Yazawin: 10,000 troops, 3000 cavalry, 300 elephants[5]
    • Slapat Rajawan (Phayre 1873): 35,000 troops, 500 elephants[1]
  5. ^ The Toungoo Yazawin lists the army strength as 50,000 troops, 1000 cavalry, and 200 elephants.[5] The chronicle does not list any specific regiments of the army but does mention some of the districts from which the army conscripted:
    • Districts Toungoo had brought under its control: Taung Nyo, Taung Kala, Yamethin, Yindaw, Wadi, Hlaingdet, and Thagara
    • Districts Toungoo raided: Pin, Natmauk, Kyaukpadaung.[5]
  6. ^ Chronicles do not specify the strength of Prome defenses. The commander was Thado's second son, Thihathu of Prome.[2][3][4]
  7. ^ Army strength:
    • Maha Yazawin and Hmannan: 8 regiments (50,000 troops, 8000 cavalry, 500 elephants)[6][7]
    • Yazawin Thit: 50,000 troops, 8000 cavalry, 200 elephants[3]
  8. ^ Naval strength:
    • Maha Yazawin, Hmannan: 8 regiments (80,000 troops, 500 war boats, 300 armored war boats, 200 cargo boats)[6][7]
    • Yazawin Thit: no regiments mentioned (80,000 troops, 500 war boats, 300 armored war boats, 200 cargo boats)[3]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Phayre 1873: 121
  2. ^ a b c Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 67
  3. ^ a b c d e Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 279
  4. ^ a b c Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 71
  5. ^ a b c d Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 28
  6. ^ a b Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 68–69
  7. ^ a b Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 72

Bibliography

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  • Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
  • Kala, U (2006) [1724]. Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
  • Lieberman, Victor B. (2014) [1984]. Burmese Administrative Cycles: Anarchy and Conquest, c. 1580–1760. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05407-0.
  • Maha Sithu (2012) [1798]. Myint Swe; Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.). Yazawin Thit (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2nd printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
  • Phayre, Major Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1873). "The History of Pegu". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 42. Oxford University.
  • Royal Historical Commission of Burma (2003) [1832]. Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
  • Sein Lwin Lay, Kahtika U (2006) [1968]. Mintaya Shwe Hti and Bayinnaung: Ketumadi Taungoo Yazawin (in Burmese) (2nd printing ed.). Yangon: Yan Aung Sarpay.