Amorphous globosus

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A bovine amorphus globosus

An amorphous (or amorphus) globosus (from Greek αμορφή (amorphē, 'formless') and Latin globus ('sphere')), also known as a globosus amorphus,[1] or an amorphous globosus monster,[1] is a malformation occurring in veterinary medicine, especially in domestic cattle. Instead of a normally developed fetus, it results in the formation of a more or less spherical structure covered with hairy skin, which contains parts of all three germ layers; the differentiation of its contents can vary greatly. An amorphus globosus is not viable due to the lack of functional organs.[2]

Origin

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The teratological reasons for the development of amorphus globosus are not fully understood, but it is believed that the malformation is generally associated with twin gestation,[3] in which one embryo does not develop normally. In two cases, the karyotype of the amorphus was identical to its normally developing twin,[4][5] while in another case, the karyotype deviated from the normal twin,[6] so an emergence from fraternal twins also seems possible.

Distribution

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Amorphus globosus is more common in livestock than generally assumed.[2] It occurs most commonly in cattle, but there are also case reports in goats[2] and horses.[7] A case of amorphus globosus has also been described in human medicine, where it was also a twin pregnancy.[8]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Kamimura, S.; Enomoto, S.; Goto, K.; Hamana, K. (1 October 1993). "A Globosus amorphus from an in vitro fertilized embryo transferred to a Japanese black cow". Theriogenology. 40 (4): 853–858. doi:10.1016/0093-691X(93)90220-Y. PMID 16727366. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  2. ^ a b c Anwar, M. T.; Khan, A. I.; Balasubramanian, S.; Jayaprakash, R.; Kannan, T. A.; Manokaran, S.; Asokan, S. A.; Veerapandian, C. (2009). "A rare case of globosus amorphus in a goat". The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 50 (8): 854–6. PMC 2711472. PMID 19881925.
  3. ^ Hopper, Richard M. (30 April 2021). Bovine Reproduction. John Wiley & Sons. p. 503. ISBN 978-1-119-60245-3. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  4. ^ Hishinuma, M.; Takahashi, Y.; Kanagawa, H. (1987). "Histological and cytological observation on a bovine acardius amorphus". Jpn J Vet Sci. 49 (1): 195–197. doi:10.1292/jvms1939.49.195. PMID 3573485.
  5. ^ Kamimura, S.; Enomoto, S.; Goto, K.; Hamana, K. (1993). "A Globosus amorphus from an in vitro fertilized embryo transferred to a Japanese black cow". Theriogenology. 40 (4): 853–8. doi:10.1016/0093-691x(93)90220-y. PMID 16727366.
  6. ^ Hishinuma, M.; Hoshi, N.; Takahashi, Y.; Kanagawa, H. (1988). "Vasculature and chromosomal composition in a bovine acardius amorphus". Nihon Juigaku Zasshi. The Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science. 50 (5): 1139–41. doi:10.1292/jvms1939.50.1139. PMID 3199627.
  7. ^ Crossman, P. J.; Dickens, P. S. (1974). "Amorphus globosus in the mare". The Veterinary Record. 95 (1): 22. doi:10.1136/vr.95.1.22-b. PMID 4432366.
  8. ^ Maggiora-Vergano, T.; Gentile, G. (1954). "[A case of amorphous twin: holocardius amorphous globosus]". La Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica. 56 (4): 235–44. PMID 13231331.
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