Ambassadors of Spain

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Ambassadors of Spain are government officials appointed by the Spanish monarch on the advice of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to act as diplomatic representatives to foreign nations, international organizations, and as ambassadors-at-large. These appointments do not require any type of confirmation by the Cortes Generales, although the Constitution prevents the government and, therefore, its representatives, from entering into certain international agreements without its authorization.[1]

Ambassadors report to the Minister of Foreign Affairs and, depending on the matter or geographical area, also answer to the Ministry's secretaries of state or directors-general. They do not have a fixed term of office, serving at the pleasure of the government. However, it is an unwritten custom that diplomats serve for at least four years.[2][3]

According to the 2014 State Foreign Action and Service Act, article 44(4), "Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassadors, Permanent Representative Ambassadors, and Chargés d'Affaires shall be appointed from among officials of the Diplomatic Service in the manner determined by regulations, without prejudice to the Government, in the exercise of its discretionary power, being able to appoint as Ambassadors persons who do not belong to the Diplomatic Service".[4] Thus, in Spain there are two types of ambassadors: career diplomats and political appointees. As of August 2024, there are only five "political" ambassadors.[5]

Current ambassadors of Spain

[edit]

This list is made up based on information provided by a public list compiled by the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation. Last update was made on September 24, 2025.[6] Also, the work "History of the Spanish Diplomacy" by diplomat and historian Miguel Ángel Ochoa Brun is used for historical data (until 2000).[7] The date of establishment is the date when the diplomatic relations were first established; it also shows, if there were previous relations, the year in which it was elevated to the rank of embassy.

  Political appointees, that is, they are not part of the diplomatic career.
Host country List Ambassador Appointment Embassy and website Established
(Embassy rank)
Afghanistan[a] List Ricardo Losa Giménez 2 August 2021
(4 years ago) (2 August 2021) 		Kabul 1950[b]
Albania List Gabriel Cremades Ventura 4 March 2025
(7 months ago) (4 March 2025) 		Tirana 1929
(1986)[c]
Algeria List Fernando Morán Calvo-Sotelo 9 September 2018
(7 years ago) (9 September 2018) 		Algiers 1493
(1962)[d]
Andorra List Carlos Pérez-Desoy Fages 2 February 2023
(2 years ago) (2 February 2023) 		Andorra la Vella 1993[9]
Angola List Manuel María Lejarreta Lobo 17 November 2021
(3 years ago) (17 November 2021) 		Luanda 1977[10]
Antigua and Barbuda List The ambassador to Jamaica Kingston 1988
(1989)
Argentina List Joaquín María de Arístegui Laborde 29 October 2024
(11 months ago) (29 October 2024) 		Buenos Aires 1848
(1917)[11]
Armenia List The ambassador to Russia Moscow 1992
Australia List Esther Monterrubio Villar 30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024) 		Canberra 1967
(1968)[12]
Austria List María Aurora Mejía Errasquín 13 March 2024
(19 months ago) (13 March 2024) 		Vienna 1802[e]
Azerbaijan List The ambassador to Turkey Ankara 1992[f]
Bahamas List The ambassador to Jamaica Kingston 1976
(1978)[13]
Bahrain List The ambassador to Kuwait Kuwait City 1972[14]
Bangladesh List Gabriel María Sistiaga Ochoa de Chinchetru 28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023) 		Dhaka 1972[15][g]
Barbados List The ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain 1986[h]
Belarus List The ambassador to Russia Moscow 1992
Belgium List José María Rodríguez Coso 3 June 2025
(4 months ago) (3 June 2025) 		Brussels 1843
(1921)
Belize List The ambassador to Guatemala Guatemala City 1989[i]
Benin List The ambassador to Nigeria Abuja 1966[16][j]
Bhutan List The ambassador to India New Delhi 2012
Bolivia List Fernando García Casas 11 June 2024
(16 months ago) (11 June 2024) 		La Paz 1847
(1954)
Bosnia and Herzegovina List María Milagrosa Molina Álvarez de Toledo 30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024) 		Sarajevo 1993
Botswana List The ambassador to Namibia Windhoek 1983[k]
Brazil List María del Mar Fernández-Palacios Carmona 6 July 2022
(3 years ago) (6 July 2022) 		Brasilia 1834
(1933)
Brunei List The ambassador to Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 1984
Bulgaria List Miguel Alonso Berrio 29 February 2024
(19 months ago) (29 February 2024) 		Sofia 1910
(1977)[l]
Burkina Faso List The ambassador to Mali Bamako 1964[18]
Burundi List The ambassador to Tanzania Dar es Salaam 1969[m]
Cambodia List The ambassador to Thailand Bangkok 1964
Cameroon List Juan Pedro Pérez-Gómez Delaunay 1 July 2025
(3 months ago) (1 July 2025) 		Yaoundé 1961[19]
Canada List Alfredo Martínez Serrano 29 September 2021
(4 years ago) (29 September 2021) 		Ottawa 1953[20]
Cape Verde List Ana Paredes Prieto 6 July 2022
(3 years ago) (6 July 2022) 		Praia 1977[21]
Central African Republic List The ambassador to Cameroon Yaoundé 1964[18]
Chad List 1975[22]
Chile List Laura Oroz Ulibarri 22 July 2025
(2 months ago) (22 July 2025) 		Santiago de Chile 1844
(1928)
China List Marta Betanzos Roig 17 January 2024
(20 months ago) (17 January 2024) 		Beijing 1575
(1973)[n]
Colombia List Santiago Jiménez Martín 7 January 2025
(9 months ago) (7 January 2025) 		Bogotá 1881
(1950)[23]
Comoros List The ambassador to South Africa Pretoria 1984[o]
Democratic Republic of the Congo List María del Carmen Díez Orejas 28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023) 		Kinshasa 1969
Republic of the Congo List The ambassador to the Democratic Republic of Congo 1973[24]
Cook Islands List The ambassador to New Zealand[p] Wellington 1998
Costa Rica List Juan Ignacio Morro Villacián 26 August 2025
(49 days ago) (26 August 2025) 		San José 1850
(1949)
Croatia List José Ramón García Hernández 7 May 2025
(5 months ago) (7 May 2025) 		Zagreb 1993[25]
Cuba List Francisco Javier Hergueta Garnica 23 March 2024
(18 months ago) (23 March 2024) 		Havana 1902
(1926)[q]
Cyprus List Gabriel Ferrán Carrión 14 September 2021
(4 years ago) (14 September 2021) 		Nicosia 1968[26][r]
Czech Republic List María Pérez Sánchez-Laulhé 1 May 2024
(17 months ago) (1 May 2024) 		Praga 1977[s]
Denmark List Salvador Rueda Rabanal 21 January 2025
(8 months ago) (21 January 2025) 		Copenhagen 1516
Djibouti List The ambassador to Ethiopia Addis Ababa 1982
Dominica List The ambassador to Jamaica Kingston 1980
(1986)
Dominican Republic List Lorea Arribalzaga Ceballos 17 June 2025
(3 months ago) (17 June 2025) 		Santo Domingo 1855
(1948)[28]
East Timor (Timor-Leste) List The ambassador to Indonesia Yakarta 2002
Ecuador List Enrique Erik Yturriaga Saldanha 31 January 2024
(20 months ago) (31 January 2024) 		Quito 1840
(1951)
Egypt List Sergio Román Carranza Förster 23 September 2025
(21 days ago) (23 September 2025) 		Cairo 1893
(1949)[t]
El Salvador List Sonia Isabel Álvarez Cibanal 30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024) 		San Salvador 1914
(1950)
Equatorial Guinea List Francisco Javier Conde y Martínez de Irujo 28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023) 		Malabo 1968[29]
Eritrea List The ambassador to Sudan Khartoum 1993
Estonia List Ángel María Vázquez Díaz de Tuesta 1 July 2025
(3 months ago) (1 July 2025) 		Tallinn 1991[u]
Eswatini List The ambassador to Mozambique Maputo 1979[30]
Ethiopia List Guillermo Antonio López Mac-Lellan 28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023) 		Addis Ababa 1951
(1960)
Fiji List The ambassador to New Zealand[p] Wellington 1977[31]
Finland List Manuel Montobbio de Balanzó 16 September 2025
(28 days ago) (16 September 2025) 		Helsinki 1918
(1957)[32]
France List Victorio Redondo Baldrich 29 September 2021
(4 years ago) (29 September 2021) 		Paris 1475
Gabon List Rafael Chaves Beardo 1 July 2025
(3 months ago) (1 July 2025) 		Libreville 1961
(1963)
The Gambia List The ambassador to Senegal Dakar 1965[33]
Georgia List The ambassador to Turkey Ankara 1992[v]
Germany List Pascual Navarro Ríos 14 February 2024
(20 months ago) (14 February 2024) 		Berlin 1871[w]
Ghana List Ángel Lossada Torres-Quevedo 30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024) 		Accra 1968[34]
Greece List Jorge Domecq 15 October 2024
(11 months ago) (15 October 2024) 		Athenas 1834
(1953)[35]
Grenada List The ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain 1986[h]
Guatemala List María Clara Girbau Ronda 13 March 2024
(19 months ago) (13 March 2024) 		Guatemala City 1883
(1954)
Guinea List Ángel Carrascal Gutiérrez 28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023) 		Conakry 1965[36]
Guinea-Bissau List Enrique Conde León 30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024) 		Bissau 1975[37]
Guyana List The ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain 1986[x]
Haiti List Marco Antonio Peñín Toledano 30 January 2024
(20 months ago) (30 January 2024) 		Port-au-Prince 1860
(1952)[38]
Holy See
(Vatican City) 		List Isabel Celaá 26 January 2022
(3 years ago) (26 January 2022) 		Vatican City
Homepage 		1480[39][40]
Honduras List Diego Nuño García 6 July 2022
(3 years ago) (6 July 2022) 		Tegucigalpa 1894
(1951)[41]
Hungary List Luis Ángel Redondo Gómez 23 September 2025
(21 days ago) (23 September 2025) 		Budapest 1920
(1977)[y]
Iceland List The ambassador to Norway Oslo 1949
(1966)
India List Juan Antonio March Pujol 5 June 2024
(16 months ago) (5 June 2024) 		New Delhi 1956[43]
Indonesia List Bernardo de Sicart Escoda 15 July 2025
(2 months ago) (15 July 2025) 		Yakarta 1967[44]
Iran List Antonio Sánchez-Benedito Gaspar 14 May 2024
(17 months ago) (14 May 2024) 		Tehran 1842
(1957)[z]
Iraq List Alicia Rico Pérez del Pulgar 30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024) 		Baghdad 1946
(1953)[46]
Ireland List María Teresa Lizaranzu Perinat 26 August 2025
(49 days ago) (26 August 2025) 		Dublin 1924
(1950)[47]
Israel[aa] List Ana María Salomón Pérez 20 July 2021
(4 years ago) (20 July 2021) 		Tel Aviv 1986[ab]
Italy List Miguel Ángel Fernández-Palacios 11 October 2022
(3 years ago) (11 October 2022) 		Rome 1865
(1887)
Ivory Coast List Guillermo Marín Gorbea 30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024) 		Abidjan 1967[ac]
Jamaica List José María Fernández López de Turiso 5 November 2024
(11 months ago) (5 November 2024) 		Kingston 1966
(1967)[50][ad]
Japan List Íñigo de Palacio España 28 January 2025
(8 months ago) (28 January 2025) 		Tokyo 1590
(1952)[38]
Jordan List Miguel María de Lucas González 26 April 2022
(3 years ago) (26 April 2022) 		Amman 1947
(1953)[46]
Kazakhstan List Luis Francisco Martínez Montes 1 June 2024
(16 months ago) (1 June 2024) 		Astana 1997[ae]
Kenya List Jaime Alejandro Moreno Bau 8 July 2025
(3 months ago) (8 July 2025) 		Nairobi 1965
(1967)[51]
Kiribati List The ambassador to New Zealand Wellington 2011
Kuwait List Manuel Hernández Gamallo 19 June 2024
(15 months ago) (19 June 2024) 		Kuwait City 1964[af][52]
Kyrgyzstan List The ambassador to Kazakhstan Astana 1996
Laos List The ambassador to Thailand Bangkok 1967[44]
Latvia List Manuel Alhama Orenes 7 September 2022
(3 years ago) (7 September 2022) 		Riga 1991
Lebanon List José Ignacio Santos Aguado 17 March 2022
(3 years ago) (17 March 2022) 		Beirut 1860s
(1953)[46]
Lesotho List The ambassador to South Africa Pretoria 1982[ag]
Liberia List The ambassador to Ivory Coast Abidjan 1863
(1954)[ah]
Libya[ai] List Javier Soria Quintana 1 May 2024
(17 months ago) (1 May 2024) 		Tripoli 1784
(1962)[aj]
Liechtenstein List The ambassador to Switzerland Berna 1991
Lithuania List José Fernando Fernández-Aguayo Muñoz 1 July 2025
(3 months ago) (1 July 2025) 		Vilnius 1991
Luxembourg[ak] List María Nieves Blanco Díaz 1 July 2025
(3 months ago) (1 July 2025) 		Luxembourg 1891[54]
(1955)
Madagascar List The ambassador to South Africa Pretoria 1966[16][al]
Malawi List The ambassador to Zimbabwe Harare 1972[55]
Malaysia List José Luis Pardo Cuerdo 6 July 2022
(3 years ago) (6 July 2022) 		Kuala Lumpur 1967[44]
Maldives List The ambassador to India New Delhi 1983
Mali List Antonio Guillén Hidalgo 28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023) 		Bamako 1964[56]
Malta List José María Muriel Palomino 15 December 2021
(3 years ago) (15 December 2021) 		Valletta 1969[57]
Sovereign Military Order of Malta List The ambassador to the Holy See Vatican City
Homepage 		1483
(1972)
Marshall Islands List The ambassador to the Philippines Manila 1992
Mauritania List Pablo Barbará Gómez 4 March 2025
(7 months ago) (4 March 2025) 		Nouakchott 1961
(1962)[58]
Mauritius List The ambassador to South Africa Pretoria 1982[am]
Mexico List Juan Duarte Cuadrado 31 August 2022
(3 years ago) (31 August 2022) 		Mexico City 1836
(1860)
Micronesia List The ambassador to the Philippines Manila 1992
Moldova List The ambassador to the Romania Bucarest 1993
Monaco List The ambassador to France Paris 1876
(2013)
Mongolia List The ambassador to China Beijing 1977[an]
Montenegro List The ambassador to Serbia Belgrade 2006
Morocco List Enrique Ojeda Vila 24 January 2024
(20 months ago) (24 January 2024) 		Rabat 1578
(1956)[59]
Mozambique List Teresa Orjales Vidal 28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023) 		Maputo 1977[60]
Myanmar List The ambassador to Thailand Bangkok 1967[61]
Namibia List Francisco Javier Pagalday Gastelurrutia 15 July 2025
(2 months ago) (15 July 2025) 		Windhoek 1990[62]
Nauru List The ambassador to Australia Camberra 1995
  Nepal List The ambassador to India New Delhi 1968[63]
Netherlands List Consuelo Femenía 29 December 2021
(3 years ago) (29 December 2021) 		The Hague 1649
New Zealand List Luis Alfonso Sánchez-Vellisco 15 July 2025
(2 months ago) (15 July 2025) 		Wellington 1969[57]
Nicaragua List Pilar María Terrén Lalana 20 July 2022
(3 years ago) (20 July 2022) 		Managua 1850
(1951)
Niger List Gloria Mínguez Ropiñón 28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023) 		Niamey 1965[ao]
Nigeria List Félix Costales Artieda 27 May 2025
(4 months ago) (27 May 2025) 		Abuja 1961[19]
North Korea List The ambassador to South Korea Seoul 2001[64][ap]
North Macedonia List Rafael Soriano Ortiz 30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024) 		Skopje 1995
Norway List Alejandra del Río Novo 3 July 2024
(15 months ago) (3 July 2024) 		Oslo 1902[aq]
(1958)[65]
Oman List Francisco Javier de Istúriz Simonet 23 April 2024
(17 months ago) (23 April 2024) 		Muscat 1972[66]
Pakistan List José Antonio de Ory Peral 4 May 2022
(3 years ago) (4 May 2022) 		Islamabad 1951[67]
Palau List The ambassador to the Philippines Manila 1997
Palestine Spain recognized the State of Palestine in May 2024,[68] however, no ambassador has been appointed yet.
Panama List Guzmán Palacios Fernández 14 September 2021
(4 years ago) (14 September 2021) 		Panama City 1880s
(1951)
Papua New Guinea List The ambassador to Australia Camberra 1979[69]
Paraguay List Javier Parrondo Babarro 10 December 2024
(10 months ago) (10 December 2024) 		Asunción 1880
(1949)[70]
Peru List Alejandro Abellán García de Diego 20 March 2024
(18 months ago) (20 March 2024) 		Lima
Homepage 		1879
(1939)
Philippines List Miguel Utray Delgado 24 August 2022
(3 years ago) (24 August 2022) 		Manila 1951[71]
Poland List Ramiro Fernández Bachiller 29 April 2022
(3 years ago) (29 April 2022) 		Warsaw 1519
Portugal List Juan Fernández Trigo 28 December 2023
(21 months ago) (28 December 2023) 		Lisbon 1474
(1479)
Qatar List Álvaro Renedo Zalba 4 March 2025
(7 months ago) (4 March 2025) 		Doha 1973[72][ar]
Romania List José Antonio Hernández Pérez-Solórzano 7 September 2022
(3 years ago) (7 September 2022) 		Bucarest 1881
(1977)[as]
Russia List Ricardo Martínez Vázquez 3 July 2024
(15 months ago) (3 July 2024) 		Moscow
Homepage 		1718[at]
Rwanda List The ambassador to Tanzania Dar es Salaam 1967[74][m]
Saint Kitts and Nevis List The ambassador to Jamaica Kingston 1987
Saint Lucia List The ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain 1987[h]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines List
Samoa List The ambassador to New Zealand[p] Wellington 1980
(1992)
San Marino List The ambassador to Italy Rome
Homepage 		1978[75]
(1993)
São Tomé and Príncipe List The ambassador to Gabon Libreville 1982[au]
Saudi Arabia List Javier María Carbajosa Sánchez 4 March 2025
(7 months ago) (4 March 2025) 		Riyadh 1948
(1953)[av]
Senegal List María Dolores Ríos Peset 13 March 2024
(19 months ago) (13 March 2024) 		Dakar 1961[19]
Serbia List Juan José Sanz Aparicio 28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023) 		Belgrade 1910
(1977)
Seychelles List The ambassador to Ethiopia Addis Ababa 1978[76]
Sierra Leone List The ambassador to Guinea Conakry 1964[77]
Singapore List Mercedes Alonso Frayle 12 July 2022
(3 years ago) (12 July 2022) 		Singapore 1968[78]
Slovakia List Sofía Ruiz del Árbol Moro 17 June 2025
(3 months ago) (17 June 2025) 		Bratislava 1993
Slovenia List Javier Herrera García-Canturri 3 July 2024
(15 months ago) (3 July 2024) 		Ljubljana 1992[aw]
Solomon Islands List The ambassador to Australia Camberra 1981
Somalia List The ambassador to Kenya Nairobi 1968[78]
South Africa List José Manuel Pascual García 16 April 2025
(5 months ago) (16 April 2025) 		Pretoria 1951
(1960)[79]
South Korea List Julio Herraiz España 1 July 2025
(3 months ago) (1 July 2025) 		Seoul 1962[ax]
South Sudan List The ambassador to Sudan Khartoum 2012
Sri Lanka List The ambassador to India New Delhi 1967
Sudan List Isidro Antonio González Afonso 29 December 2021
(3 years ago) (29 December 2021) 		Khartoum 1967[81]
Suriname List The ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain 1990[ay]
Sweden List Luis Manuel Cuesta Civís 27 August 2024
(13 months ago) (27 August 2024) 		Stockholm 1633
 Switzerland List María Celsa Nuño García 30 November 2021
(3 years ago) (30 November 2021) 		Berna 1513
Syria[az] List Antonio González-Zavala Peña 24 December 2024
(9 months ago) (24 December 2024) 		Damascus 1948
(1956)[85]
Taiwan Spain maintained relations with the Republic of China until 1973.[n] Since then, diplomatic relations have been carried out by the Taipei Consular Section of the Consulate General in Manila.
Tajikistan List The ambassador to Kazakhstan Astana 1997
Tanzania List Paloma Serra Robles 1 July 2025
(3 months ago) (1 July 2025) 		Dar es Salaam 1967[86]
Thailand List Felipe de la Morena Casado 8 December 2021
(3 years ago) (8 December 2021) 		Bangkok 1870
(1961)[ba]
Togo List The ambassador to Ghana Accra 1965[88]
Tonga List The ambassador to New Zealand[p] Wellington 1979
Trinidad and Tobago List María Cristina Pérez Gutiérrez 30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024) 		Port of Spain 1967[89][bb]
Tunisia List Francisco Javier Puig Saura 11 October 2022
(3 years ago) (11 October 2022) 		Tunisia 1475
Turkey List Cristina Latorre Sancho 27 March 2024
(18 months ago) (27 March 2024) 		Ankara 1519[bc]
Turkmenistan List The ambassador to Russia Moscow 1992
Tuvalu List The ambassador to Australia Camberra 1992
(2002)
Uganda List The ambassador to Kenya Nairobi 1969[91]
Ukraine List Ricardo López-Aranda Jagu 6 July 2022
(3 years ago) (6 July 2022) 		Kyiv 1992[92]
United Arab Emirates List Emilio Pin Godos 12 February 2025
(8 months ago) (12 February 2025) 		Abu Dhabi 1972[93][bd]
United Kingdom List José Pascual Marco Martínez 25 August 2021
(4 years ago) (25 August 2021) 		London
Homepage 		1494
United States List Ángeles Moreno Bau 17 January 2024
(20 months ago) (17 January 2024) 		Washington, D.C.
Homepage 		1778
(1926)
Uruguay List Javier Salido Ortiz 21 January 2025
(8 months ago) (21 January 2025) 		Montevideo 1842
(1953)[95]
Uzbekistan List The ambassador to Russia Moscow 1992[be]
Vanuatu List The ambassador to Australia Camberra 1981
(1992)
Venezuela List Álvaro Albacete Perea 3 December 2024
(10 months ago) (3 December 2024) 		Caracas 1845
(1949)[96]
Vietnam List Carmen Cano de Lasala 28 November 2023
(22 months ago) (28 November 2023) 		Hanoi 1964[97][bf]
Yemen List Spain closed its embassy in Yemen in 2012,[98] transferring its operations to the European Union delegation and, in 2015, it halted all operations indefinitely.[99] 1968[100][101][bf]
Zambia List María Lourdes Sangróniz Guerricagoitia 1 July 2025
(3 months ago) (1 July 2025) 		Harare 1969[101]
Zimbabwe List 1980[102]
Abkhazia The Republic of Abkhazia is not recognized by the United Nations or by Spain.
Kosovo The Republic of Kosovo is not recognized by the United Nations or by Spain.
Northern Cyprus The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is not recognized by the United Nations or by Spain.
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is not recognized by the United Nations or by Spain.
South Ossetia The Republic of South Ossetia is not recognized by the United Nations or by Spain.

Ambassadors to international organizations

[edit]
  Political appointees, that is, they are not part of the diplomatic career.

Ambassadors to the United Nations

[edit]
Host organization List Ambassador Appointment Representation and website Established
United Nations List Héctor Gómez Hernández 5 December 2023
(22 months ago) (5 December 2023) 		New York 1956[103]
United Nations (Deputy) List Ana Jiménez de la Hoz 6 April 2022
(3 years ago) (6 April 2022) 		New York
United Nations Office at Geneva List Marcos Gómez Martínez 3 July 2024
(15 months ago) (3 July 2024) 		Geneva 1955
United Nations Office at Geneva (Deputy) List Clara Cabrera Brasero 12 April 2023
(2 years ago) (12 April 2023)
United Nations Office at Geneva
(Deputy - Disarmament) 		List María Bassols Delgado 18 April 2024
(17 months ago) (18 April 2024)
United Nations Office at Geneva
(Deputy - Trade) 		List María Pilar Morán Reyero 11 April 2025
(6 months ago) (11 April 2025)
United Nations International Organizations at Rome
(U.N. Agencies for Food and Agriculture) 		List The ambassador to Italy Rome 1951
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization List Miquel Iceta 5 December 2023
(22 months ago) (5 December 2023) 		Paris 1956
United Nations Office at Vienna List María Sebastián de Erice 30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024) 		Vienna 1980[104]
United Nations Office at Nairobi List The ambassador to Kenya Nairobi

Ambassadors to European organizations

[edit]
Host organization List Ambassador Appointment Representation and website Established
European Union List Marcos Alonso Alonso 21 July 2021
(4 years ago) (21 July 2021) 		Brussels 1960
European Union (Deputy) List Oriol Escalas Nolla 3 July 2024
(15 months ago) (3 July 2024) 		1979
Political and Security Committee List Guillermo Ardizone García 30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024) 		2000
Council of Europe List Rosa Velázquez Álvarez 26 August 2025
(49 days ago) (26 August 2025) 		Strasbourg 1977[105]

Other international organizations

[edit]

Current Spanish ambassadors to other international organizations:

Host organization List Ambassador Appointment Representation and website Established
African Union List The ambassador to Ethiopia Addis Ababa
Community of Portuguese Language Countries List The ambassador to Portugal Lisboa 2021[106]
International Atomic Energy Agency List The ambassador to the UN in Vienna Vienna 1980
North Atlantic Treaty Organization List Federico Torres Muro 11 October 2022
(3 years ago) (11 October 2022) 		Brussels 1982
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development List Ximo Puig 21 February 2024
(19 months ago) (21 February 2024) 		Paris 1954
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons List The ambassador to the Netherlands The Hague 1997[107]
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe List Cristóbal Ramón Valdés y Valentín-Gamazo 25 August 2021
(4 years ago) (25 August 2021) 		Vienna 1995[108]
Organization of American States List Carmen Montón Giménez 10 March 2020
(5 years ago) (10 March 2020) 		Washington, D.C. 1972[109]
Inter-American Defense Board
Pan American Health Organization 1980
International Seabed Authority List The ambassador to Jamaica Kingston 1997

Ambassadors-at-large

[edit]

Current ambassadors-at-large from Spain, known in Spanish as Embajadores en Misión Especial (lit. 'Ambassadors in Special Mission' or Special Ambassadors), are the following:

Portfolio Ambassador Appointment Established
Peacekeeping Operations María Luisa Huidobro Martín-Laborda[110] 12 November 2024
(11 months ago) (12 November 2024) 		1993
Mediterranean Affairs Juan Lugo Sanchiz[111] 25 June 2025
(3 months ago) (25 June 2025) 		1997
Human Rights, Democracy and Rule of Law Miriam Álvarez de la Rosa Rodríguez[112] 5 March 2025
(7 months ago) (5 March 2025) 		1998
Ibero-American Cooperation Jorge Mijangos Blanco[113] 3 September 2025
(41 days ago) (3 September 2025) 		2000
Migration Affairs María del Pilar Méndez Jiménez[114] 21 February 2024
(19 months ago) (21 February 2024) 		2009
Global Health Mencía de Silos Manso de Zúñiga Spottorno[115] 1 October 2025
(13 days ago) (1 October 2025) 		2011
Sahel Alberto Cerezo Sobrino[116] 22 January 2025
(8 months ago) (22 January 2025) 		2013
Cross-border Cooperation Borja Montesino Martínez del Cerro[117] 26 August 2025
(49 days ago) (26 August 2025) 		2021
Femenist Foreign Policy Ana María Alonso Giganto[118] 12 June 2024
(16 months ago) (12 June 2024) 		2021
Indo-Pacific María Elena Gómez Castro[119] 18 September 2024
(12 months ago) (18 September 2024) 		2022
Rights of Persons with Disabilities Jesús Ángel Celada Pérez[120] 28 May 2025
(4 months ago) (28 May 2025) 		2022
Development Financing Cristina Díaz Fernández-Gil[121] 24 September 2025
(20 days ago) (24 September 2025) 		2024
LGTBI+ rights Jorge Antonio Noval Álvarez[122] 2 July 2025
(3 months ago) (2 July 2025) 		2025

Other officials with the rank of ambassador

[edit]
Position Ambassador Appointed Date Law granting the rank
Introducer of Ambassadors Adrián Martín Couce 30 July 2024
(14 months ago) (30 July 2024) 		1626 Article 23(1), Royal Decree 1184/2024.
Under-Secretary of Foreign Affairs Xavier Martí Martí 28 August 2024
(13 months ago) (28 August 2024) 		1834 Article 9, Decree of 15 July 1955
Director of the Diplomatic School Cecilia Robles Cartes 4 December 2024
(10 months ago) (4 December 2024) 		1942 Article 19(4), Royal Decree 1184/2024

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The Embassy of Spain in Kabul was closed and transferred operations to Doha, Qatar (residence), and Islamabad, Pakistan (visas and consular affairs) following the fall of Kabul to the Taliban.[8]
  2. ^ The first ambassador was appointed in 1950, with residence in Baghdad from 1950 to 1960, in Ankara from 1970 to 1974 and in Tehran from 1974 to 1979. After decades without diplomatic relations, they were reestablished in 2002.
  3. ^ Spain had a charge d'affairs in Albania from 1929 to 1939, and the ambassador to Italy assumed the representation during the Italian protectorate. Diplomatic relations were restablished in 1986, with the category of ambassador.
  4. ^ Spain kept diplomatic relations with the Regency of Algiers (since Barbarossa). Modern relations established in 1962, with the first ambassador.
  5. ^ Spain has kept relations with the Holy Roman Empire since the 15th century. Since 1802, Spain has maintained an ambassador in Vienna with hardly any interruptions.
  6. ^ Ambassador with residence in Moscow until 1998, and in Ankara since then.
  7. ^ Ambassador with residence in New Delhi until 2008.
  8. ^ a b c Ambassador resident in Kingston until 2001 and in Port of Spain since 2007.
  9. ^ From 1989 to 1993, the ambassador to the Organization of American States was accredited to Belize. Since 1993, the ambassador to Guatemala serves as such.
  10. ^ The ambassador to Benin had its residence in Nigeria (1966–1968), Ivory Coast (1969–1989) and, since 1979, again in Nigeria.
  11. ^ Ambassador resident in Harare, Zimbabwe until 1988.
  12. ^ Diplomatic relations since 1910, with a lapsus between the abolition of the Bulgarian monarchy and 1977.[17]
  13. ^ a b Ambassador resident in Kinshasa until 1995.
  14. ^ a b Spain has maintained diplomatic relations with Imperial China since the late 16th century. Current diplomatic mission to the People's Republic of China was established in 1973.
  15. ^ Ambassador resident in Harare, Zimbabwe from 1984 to 1988, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania from 1989 to 1997 and, since then, in Pretoria, South Africa.
  16. ^ a b c d Ambassador residence relocated from Camberra to Wellington between 2008 and 2010.
  17. ^ The first ambassador was appointed in 1926, although it has not been a permanent position, having been a permanent since 1975.
  18. ^ Ambassador resident in Beirut until 1979, and from 1998 to 2002, and in Damascus from 1979 to 1998.
  19. ^ Czechoslovakia and Spain established diplomatic relations in 1919. The Second World War interrupted these relations, which were reestablished in 1977, with embassy status.[27]
  20. ^ Peter Martyr d'Anghiera was sent in 1501 with the title of ambassador to the sultan of Egypt. However, modern diplomatic relations were established in 1893. The diplomatic mission has the rank of embassy since 1949.
  21. ^ Ambassador resident in Helsinki until 2003.
  22. ^ Ambassador resident in Moscow until 2007. Ambassador-at-large for Georgia and the Caucasus states from 2008 to 2011. Ambassador resident in Sofia between 2011 and 2012 and Ambassador resident in Ankara since 2013.
  23. ^ Modern relations established after the German unification in 1871, however, Spain has mantained diplomatic relations with the Holy Roman Empire (1477–1806), the German independent states (such us Prussia, the German Confederation (1855–1866), the North German Confederation (1866–1869) and the following German states.
  24. ^ Ambassador with residence in Caracas until 2007 and in Port of Spain since then.
  25. ^ Hungary and Spain established diplomatic relations after Hungary's independence from Austria in 1920. Severed after World War II, they were reestablished in 1977 with embassy status.[42]
  26. ^ Spain maintained occasional contacts with Safavid Iran and its successors, even exchanging ambassadors. In 1842, a treaty of friendship and trade was signed, officially inaugurating diplomatic relations. In 1957, they were elevated to the rank of ambassador.[45]
  27. ^ Spain recalled its ambassador on 8 September 2025.[48]
  28. ^ Spain has had a Consulate General in Jerusalem since 1853.[49]
  29. ^ Non-resident ambassador (Liberia) until 1968.
  30. ^ From 1967 to 1977, the ambassador in Haiti was dually accredited to Jamaica. Since 1977, there is a ambasador resident.
  31. ^ Ambassador resident in Moscow until 1999.
  32. ^ Ambassador resident in Beirut from 1964 to 1972 and with residence in Kuwait City since 1972.
  33. ^ Ambassador resident in Maputo, Mozambique from 1982 to 1995 and, since 1996, in Pretoria, South Africa.
  34. ^ Spain established a resident embassy in 1954, but closed it due to the First Liberian Civil War. Following the restablishment of relations in 1997, the ambassador to Ivory Coast assumed responsibility for Liberia–Spain relations.
  35. ^ The Embassy of Spain in Tripoli suspended operations in 2014. Diplomatic personnel operate from the Embassy in Tunis, Tunisia.
  36. ^ Spain established a consulate in Tripoli after signing a Peace Treaty with the Regency of Tripoli.[53]
  37. ^ The head of Mission was resident in Amsterdam from 1891 to 1922, and in Brussels until 1970.
  38. ^ Ambassador resident in Addis Ababa, Ethipoia from 1966 to 1968, in Nairobi, Kenia from 1969 to 1994, and in Pretoria, South Africa since 1994.
  39. ^ Ambassador resident in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania from 1982 to 1997 and, since then, in Pretoria, South Africa.
  40. ^ Ambassador resident in Moscow until 1995 and in Beijing since then.
  41. ^ Ambassador resident in Monrovia from 1965 to 1969 and in Abidjan from 1969 to 2007.
  42. ^ The ambassador to China served as ambassador to North Korea until 2006.
  43. ^ Ambassador resident in Stockholm from 1902 to 1907 and in Copenhagen from 1907 to 1919.
  44. ^ Ambassador resident in Kuwait between 1973 and 1978 and in Abu Dhabi until 2008. Since then, the ambassador resides in the host country.
  45. ^ Relations were interrupted in 1947, following the abdication of King Michael I, and re-established in 1977, with the status of embassy.[73]
  46. ^ Spain and Russia have maintained stable diplomatic relations since the 18th century. After the rupture during dictatorship of Francisco Franco, they were reestablished in 1977.
  47. ^ Resident in Luanda until 1995.
  48. ^ In 1953, the Ambassador to Egypt was dual accredited to Saudi Arabia and, since 1956, there is an independent Embassy in Riyadh.[59]
  49. ^ Ambassador resident in Vienna until 1998.
  50. ^ Ambassador resident in Tokyo until 1973.[80]
  51. ^ Ambassador resident in Caracas until 2010 and in Port of Spain since then.
  52. ^ Spain closed it embassy in 2012.[82] In December 2024, the government appointed and special envoy to gradually re-establish diplomatic relations.[83][84]
  53. ^ Spain had some contact with the Kingdom of Siam between the 16th and 18th centuries, and these remained stable from the 1870s onwards, through the embassy in China (until 1949). In 1961, Spain elevated its legation to embassy.[87]
  54. ^ The ambassador in Caracas served as such until 2006.
  55. ^ Spain and Turkey —the Ottoman Empire— has kept diplomatic relations since the 16th century. The first Peace, Friendship and Trade treaty was signed in 1782 and, in 1951, modern relations were established.[90]
  56. ^ Ambassador resident in Kuwait until 1973.[94]
  57. ^ Modern relations were established in 1992. Historic relations dates back to the 15th century, when Ruy González de Clavijo was sent as ambassador of Castile to court of Timur.
  58. ^ a b Date of creation of the mission in one of the sides before the unification of the country.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Boletín Oficial del Estado (1978). "Spanish Constitution of 1978" (PDF). www.boe.es. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 August 2025. Retrieved 9 October 2025. Article 94. Before contracting obligations by means of treaties or agreements, the State shall require the prior authorisation of the Cortes Generales in the following cases:
    a) treaties of a political nature;
    b) treaties or agreements of a military nature;
    c) treaties or agreements affecting the territorial integrity of the State or the fundamental rights and duties established under Title I;
    d) treaties or agreements which imply financial liabilities for the Public Treasury;
    e) treaties or agreements which involve amendment or repeal of some law or require legislative measures for their execution.
    2. Congress and the Senate shall be informed forthwith regarding the conclusion of other treaties or agreements.
  2. ^ Rodríguez, Antonio (2022-05-31). "Sánchez mantendrá al embajador en Rabat hasta su jubilación para afianzar la nueva etapa". The Objective (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  3. ^ Digital, Confidencial (2010-06-08). "Carlos Bastarreche, el histórico embajador ante la Unión Europea, será previsiblemente desplazado a París tras sus 'encontronazos' con Diego López Garrido". Confidencial Digital (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  4. ^ Royal Household (26 March 2014). "Ley 2/2014, de 25 de marzo, de la Acción y del Servicio Exterior del Estado" [Law 2/2014, of March 25, on the Action and Foreign Service of the State]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  5. ^ Calleja, Juan (2024-08-01). "Cinco de los 122 embajadores y representantes de España no son funcionarios de la carrera diplomática". Newtral (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  6. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (24 September 2025). "Embajadores/es de España en el exterior" [Ambassadors of Spain abroad] (PDF). www.exteriores.gob.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  7. ^ Ochoa Brun, Miguel Ángel (2000). "History of the Spanish Diplomacy - DIPLOMATIC REPERTOIRE- CHRONOLOGICAL LISTS OF REPRESENTATIVES - From the Early Middle Ages to the year 2000" (PDF) (in Spanish).
  8. ^ Digital, Confidencial (2025-06-09). "La embajada de España en Afganistán da señales de vida después de cuatro años de silencio". Confidencial Digital (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  9. ^ Ministry for Public Administrations (23 June 1993). "Real Decreto 852/1993, de 4 de junio, por el que se crea la misión diplomática permanente de España en el Principado de Andorra" [Royal Decree 852/1993, of June 4, establishing the permanent diplomatic mission of Spain in the Principality of Andorra.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  10. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (24 October 1977). "Real Decreto 2648/1977, de 6 de octubre, por el que se crea, con carácter de residente, la Embajada de España en la República Popular de Angola" [Royal Decree 2648/1977, of October 6, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the People's Republic of Angola with resident status.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  11. ^ Ministry of State (8 May 1917). "Royal Decree promoting to Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador, assigning him with this category to the Embassy of Spain in Argentina, to Mr. Pablo Soler y Guardiola, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the first class in the aforementioned Republic" (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  12. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (10 June 1968). "Decreto 1179/1968, de 30 de mayo, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Canberra" [Decree 1179/1968, of May 30, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Canberra.] (PDF). www.boe.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  13. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (18 April 1978). "Real Decreto 735/1978, de 30 de marzo, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Bahamas" [Royal Decree 735/1978, of March 30, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the Bahamas.]. www.boe.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  14. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (16 November 1972). "Decreto 3111/1972, de 10 de noviembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Al-Manama" [Decree 3111/1972, of November 10, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Manama]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  15. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (13 May 1972). "Decreto 1172/1972, de 12 de mayo, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Dacca" [Decree 1172/1972, of May 12, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Dhaka.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  16. ^ a b Ministry of Foreign Affairs (25 April 1966). "Decretos 972/1966 y 973/1966, de 14 de abril, por el que se crean las Embajadas de España en Tananarive y Porto Novo" [Decrees 972/1966 and 973/1966, of April 14, establishing the Spanish Embassies in Tananarive and Porto Novo.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  17. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (8 February 1977). "Real Decreto 207/1977, de 8 de febrero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en la República Popular de Bulgaria" [Royal Decree 207/1977, of February 8, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the People's Republic of Bulgaria.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  18. ^ a b Ministry of Foreign Affairs (17 December 1964). "Decretos 4103/1964 y 4102/1964, de 17 de diciembre, por el que se crean las Embajadas de España en Ouagadougou y Bangui" [Decree 4103/1964, of December 17, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Ouagadougou.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  19. ^ a b c Ministry of Foreign Affairs (6 March 1961). "Decretos 382/1961, 383/1961 y 383/1961, de 23 de febrero, por el que se crea las Embajadas de España en Dakar, Yaundé y Lagos" [Decrees 382/1961, 383/1961 and 383/1961, of February 23, creating the Spanish Embassies in Dakar, Yaoundé and Lagos.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  20. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1 March 1953). "Decreto de 20 de febrero de 1953 por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Ottawa" [Decree of February 20, 1953, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Ottawa.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  21. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (26 December 1977). "Real Decreto 3282/1977, de 21 de diciembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en la República de Cabo Verde" [Royal Decree 3282/1977, of December 21, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the Republic of Cape Verde]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  22. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (27 February 1975). "Decreto 272/1975, de 7 de febrero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Nyamena" [Decree 272/1975, of February 7, establishing the Embassy of Spain in N'Djamena.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  23. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (11 February 1950). "Decreto de 3 de febrero de 1950 por el que se eleva a Embajada la Representación diplomática de España en Colombia" [Decree of February 3, 1950, elevating the diplomatic representation of Spain in Colombia to an embassy.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  24. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (10 February 1973). "Decreto 156/1973, de 26 de enero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Brazzaville" [Decree 156/1973, of January 26, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Brazzaville.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  25. ^ Ministry for Public Administrations (18 May 1993). "Real Decreto 681/1993, de 7 de mayo, por el que se crea la Misión Diplomática Permanente de España en la República de Croacia" [Royal Decree 681/1993, of May 7, establishing the Permanent Diplomatic Mission of Spain in the Republic of Croatia.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  26. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (16 March 1968). "Decreto 492/1968, de 7 de marzo, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Nicosia" [Decree 492/1968, of March 7, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Nicosia] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  27. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (23 February 1977). "Real Decreto 212/1977, de 18 de febrero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en la República Socialista de Checoslovaquia" [Royal Decree 212/1977, of February 18, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  28. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1 February 1948). "Decreto de 23 de enero de 1948 por el que se eleva a Embajada la representación de España en la República de Santo Domingo" [Decree of January 23, 1948, elevating the representation of Spain in the Republic of Santo Domingo to an Embassy.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  29. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (11 October 1968). "Decreto 2468/1968, de 9 de octubre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Santa Isabel (Malabo)" [Decree 2468/1968, of October 9, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Santa Isabel (Malabo).] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  30. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (28 December 1979). "Real Decreto 2856/1979, de 21 de diciembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en el Reino de Swazilandia" [Royal Decree 2856/1979, of December 21, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the Kingdom of Swaziland.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  31. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (23 February 1977). "Real Decreto 211/1977, de 18 de febrero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Fiji" [Royal Decree 211/1977, of February 18, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Fiji.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  32. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (20 March 1990). "Real Decreto 373/1990, de 16 de marzo, por el que se crea la Misión Diplomática Permanente de España en Namibia" [Royal Decree 373/1990, of March 16, establishing the Permanent Diplomatic Mission of Spain in Namibia.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  33. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (10 September 1965). "Decreto 2474/1965, de 14 de agosto, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Bathurst" [Decree 2474/1965, of August 14, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Bathurst.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  34. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (13 January 1968). "Decreto 3146/1967, de 28 de diciembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Accra" [Decree 3146/1967, of December 28, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Accra.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  35. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (5 April 1953). "Decreto de 27 de marzo de 1953 por el que se eleva a Embajada la Representación Diplomática de España cerca de Su Majestad el Rey de Grecia" [Decree of March 27, 1953, elevating the Diplomatic Representation of Spain to His Majesty the King of Greece to an Embassy.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  36. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (5 April 1965). "Decreto 699/1965, de 20 de febrero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Conakry" [Decree 699/1965, of February 20, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Conakry.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  37. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (6 May 1975). "Decreto 918/1975, de 25 de abril, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Guinea-Bissao" [Decree 918/1975, of April 25, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Guinea-Bissau.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  38. ^ a b Ministry of Foreign Affairs (17 February 1952). "Decreto de 1 y 8 de febrero de 1952 por el que se eleva a Embajada la Representación diplomática de España en Haití y se crea la Embajada de España cerca de Su Majestad el Emperador del Japón" [Decree of February 1 and 8, 1952, elevating the diplomatic representation of Spain in Haiti to an embassy and creating the Embassy of Spain to His Majesty the Emperor of Japan] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  39. ^ Verdú, Daniel (2022-06-27). "A peek inside the oldest embassy in the world". EL PAÍS English. Retrieved 2025-10-10.
  40. ^ Ryan, George (2023-04-03). "Did You Know? The World's Oldest Embassy to the Holy See". uCatholic. Retrieved 2025-10-10.
  41. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (19 December 1951). "Decreto de 7 de diciembre de 1951 por el que se eleva a Embajada la Representación Diplomática de España en Honduras" [Decree of December 7, 1951, elevating the Diplomatic Representation of Spain in Honduras to an Embassy.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  42. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (22 February 1977). "Real Decreto 207/1977, de 8 de febrero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en la República Popular de Bulgaria" [Royal Decree 207/1977, of February 8, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the People's Republic of Bulgaria.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  43. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (18 June 1956). "Decreto de 8 de junio de 1956 por el que se crea, en régimen de recirprocidad, la Embajada de España en Nueva Delhi" [Decree of June 8, 1956, establishing, on a reciprocal basis, the Embassy of Spain in New Delhi.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  44. ^ a b c Ministry of Foreign Affairs (19 June 1967). "Decretos 1239/1967, 1239/1967, de 24 de mayo y 1239/1967, de 1 de junio, por el que se crea las Embajadas de España en Kuala Lumpur, Vientiane y Yakarta" [Decrees 1239/1967, 1239/1967, of May 24, and 1239/1967, of June 1, creating the Spanish Embassies in Kuala Lumpur, Vientiane, and Jakarta.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  45. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (10 June 1957). "Decreto de 31 de mayo de 1957 por el que se eleva en régimen de reciprocidad a Embajada la de España cerca de Su Majestad Imperial el Shah del Irán" [Decree of May 31, 1957, by which the Embassy of Spain to His Imperial Majesty the Shah of Iran is elevated under a reciprocal regime.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  46. ^ a b c Ministry of Foreign Affairs (29 August 1953). "Decretos de 11 de agosto de 1953 por los que se elevan a la categoría de Embajada de las Representaciones Diplomáticas de España en Irak, Jordania y Líbano" [Decrees of August 11, 1953, elevating the Spanish diplomatic representations in Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon to the status of Embassy.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  47. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (12 September 1950). "Decreto de 8 de septiembre de 1950 por el que se eleva a la categoría de Embajada la Representación de España en Dublín" [Decree of 8 September 1950 elevating the Spanish Representation in Dublin to the status of Embassy.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  48. ^ "Spain recalls ambassador to Israel amid clash over 'Gaza genocide' measures, anti-Semitism claims". France 24. 2025-09-08. Retrieved 2025-10-11.
  49. ^ "Por qué España no va a tener una embajada en Palestina y sí en Israel". OndaCero (in Spanish). 2024-05-28. Retrieved 2025-10-11.
  50. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (29 May 1967). "Decretp 1035/1967, de 5 de mayo, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Kingston" [Decree 1035/1967, of May 5, creating the Embassy of Spain in Kingston] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  51. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (10 October 1967). "Decreto 2390/1967, de 19 de agosto, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Nairobi" [Decree 2390/1967, of August 19, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Nairobi] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  52. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (10 November 1964). "Decreto 3500/1964, de 29 de octubre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Kuwait" [Decree 3500/1964, of October 29, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Kuwait]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  53. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (23 November 1784). "Decreto del Rey participando al Consejo haberse firmado el Tratado de Paz entre esta Corona y la Regencia de Trípoli." [Decree of the King informing the Council that the Peace Treaty between the Crown and the Regency of Tripoli has been signed.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  54. ^ cf29705c66 (2021-04-22). "Relaciones diplomáticas y consulares entre España y Luxemburgo (1890-1930). Con motivo del centenario del primer nombramiento de un cónsul de Luxemburgo en Madrid". Foro Ecónomico Hispano-Luxemburgués (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  55. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (28 October 1972). "Decreto 2918/1972, de 27 de octubre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Zomba" [Decree 2918/1972, of October 27, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Zomba.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  56. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (5 October 1964). "Decreto 2956/1964, de 17 de septiembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en la República del Mali" [Decree 2956/1964, of September 17, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the Republic of Mali.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  57. ^ a b Ministry of Foreign Affairs (26 May 1969). "Decretos 910/1969 y 911/1969, de 8 de mayo, por el que se crean las Embajada de España en La Valetta y Wellington" [Decrees 910/1969 and 911/1969, of May 8, establishing the Spanish Embassies in Valletta and Wellington.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  58. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (16 March 1962). "Decreto 497/1962, de 8 de marzo, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Nouakchott" [Decree 497/1962, of March 8, creating the Embassy of Spain in Nouakchott] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  59. ^ a b Ministry of Foreign Affairs (24 May 1956). "Decretos de 14 de mayo de 1956 por el que se establecen las Embajadas de España en Arabia Saudi y Marruecos" [Decrees of May 14, 1956, establishing the Spanish Embassies in Saudi Arabia and Morocco.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  60. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (24 October 1977). "Real Decreto 2649/1977, de 6 de octubre, por el que se crea, con carácter de residente, la Embajada de España en la República Popular de Mozambique" [Royal Decree 2649/1977, of October 6, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the People's Republic of Mozambique, with resident status.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  61. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (9 May 1967). "Decreto 919/1967, de 13 de abril, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Rangún" [Decree 919/1967, of April 13, creating the Embassy of Spain in Rangoon] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  62. ^ Ministry for Public Administrations (20 March 1990). "Real Decreto 373/1990, de 16 de marzo, por el que se crea la Misión Diplomática Permanente de España en Namibia" [Royal Decree 373/1990, of March 16, establishing the Permanent Diplomatic Mission of Spain in Namibia.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  63. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (4 May 1968). "Decreto 918/1968, de 25 de abril, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Katmandú" [Decree 918/1968, of April 25, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Kathmandu] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  64. ^ EFE (2001-02-08). "España nombra embajador en Pyongyang para 'pacificar' Corea". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2025-10-09.
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  66. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (20 November 1972). "Decreto 3160/1972, de 10 de noviembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Muskat" [Decree 3160/1972, of November 10, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Muskat.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  67. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (17 September 1951). "Decreto de 7 de septiembre de 1951 por el que se establece la Embajada de España en Karachi" [Decree of 7 September 1951 establishing the Embassy of Spain in Karachi.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  68. ^ "Gaza war: Spain, Ireland and Norway formally recognise Palestinian state". www.bbc.com. 2024-05-28. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  69. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (24 April 1979). "Real Decreto 854/1979, de 20 de abril, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Papúa-Nueva Guinea" [Royal Decree 854/1979, of April 20, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Papua New Guinea.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  70. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (26 December 1949). "Decreto de 23 de diciembre de 1949 por el que se eleva a Embajada la representación de España en Paraguay" [Decree of December 23, 1949, elevating the representation of Spain in Paraguay to an Embassy.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  71. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (16 January 1951). "Decreto de 5 de enero de 1951 por el que se eleva a la categoría de Embajada la Representación diplomática de España en Manila" [Decree of January 5, 1951, elevating the diplomatic representation of Spain in Manila to the category of Embassy.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
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  73. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (22 February 1977). "Real Decreto 210/1977, de 8 de febrero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en la República Socialista de Rumania" [Royal Decree 210/1977, of February 8, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the Socialist Republic of Romania.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  74. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (24 August 1967). "Decreto 1819/1967, de 22 de julio, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Kigali" [Decree 1819/1967, of July 22, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Kigali.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  75. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (5 May 1978). "Canje de Notas por las que se establecen relaciones diplomáticas con la República de San Marino, de fechas 1 y 31 de marzo de 1978" [Exchange of Notes establishing diplomatic relations with the Republic of San Marino, dated March 1 and 31, 1978.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  76. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (8 November 1978). "Real Decreto 2618/1978, de 3 de noviembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en la República de Seychelles" [Royal Decree 2618/1978, of November 3, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the Republic of Seychelles.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  77. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (10 September 1964). "Decreto 2704/1964, de 18 de agosto, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Sierra Leona" [Decree 2704/1964, of August 18, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Sierra Leone.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  78. ^ a b Ministry of Foreign Affairs (13 July 1968). "Decretos 1488/1968 y 1489/1968, de 27 de junio, por el que se crean las Embajadas de España en Singapur y Mogadiscio" [Decrees 1488/1968 and 1489/1968, of June 27, establishing the Embassies of Spain in Singapore and Mogadishu.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  79. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (8 October 1960). "Decreto 1834/1960, de 7 de abril, por el que se eleva a Embajada la categoría de la Representación Diplomática de España en la Unión Surafricana" [Decree 1834/1960, of April 7, elevating the category of the Diplomatic Representation of Spain in the Union of South Africa to Embassy.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
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  82. ^ González, Miguel (2012-03-06). "Madrid shuts its embassy in Damascus". EL PAÍS English. Retrieved 2025-10-11.
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  86. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (5 June 1967). "Decreto 1109/1967, de 23 de febrero, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Dar Es Salaam" [Decree 1109/1967, of February 23, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Dar Es Salaam] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  87. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (22 August 1961). "Decreto 1509/1961, de 20 de julio, por el que se eleva a Embajada la representación diplomática de España cerca de Su Majestad el Rey de Tailandia" [Decree 1509/1961, of July 20, elevating the diplomatic representation of Spain to His Majesty the King of Thailand to an Embassy.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  88. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (15 November 1965). "Decreto 3228/1965, de 4 de noviembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Lomé" [Decree 3228/1965, of November 4, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Lomé.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  89. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (24 July 1967). "Decreto 1706/1967, de 13 de julio, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Puerto España" [Decree 1706/1967, of July 13, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Port of Spain] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  90. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (11 January 1951). "Decreto de 4 de enero de 1951 por el que se eleva a Embajada la categoría de la Representación diplomática de España en Turquía" [Decree of January 4, 1951, elevating the diplomatic representation of Spain in Turkey to an embassy.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  91. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (20 October 1969). "Decreto 2357/1969, de 2 de octubre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Kampala" [Decree 2357/1969, of October 2, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Kampala.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  92. ^ Ministry for Public Administrations (24 February 1992). "Real Decreto 159/1992, de 21 de febrero, por el que se crea la Misión Diplomática Permanente de España en Ucrania" [Royal Decree 159/1992, of February 21, establishing the Permanent Diplomatic Mission of Spain in Ukraine.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  93. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (16 November 1972). "Decreto 3110/1972, de 10 de noviembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Abu-Dhabi" [Decree 3110/1972, of November 10, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Abu Dhabi.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  94. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (21 November 1973). "Decreto 2910/1973, de 2 de noviembre, por el que se crea, con carácter de residente, la Embajada de España en los Emiratos Árabes Unidos" [Decree 2910/1973, of November 2, establishing, with resident status, the Embassy of Spain in the United Arab Emirates.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  95. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (23 May 1953). "Decreto de 4 de mayo de 1953 por el que se eleva a Embajada la Representación Diplomática de España en Uruguay" [Decree of May 4, 1953, elevating the Diplomatic Representation of Spain in Uruguay to an Embassy.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  96. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (22 September 1949). "Decreto de 14 de septiembre de 1949 por el que se eleva a Embajada la categoría de la Representación de España en Venezuela" [Decree of September 14, 1949, elevating the status of the Spanish Representation in Venezuela to Embassy.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  97. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (25 March 1964). "Decreto 633/1964, de 12 de marzo, por el que se eleva a Embajada la Representación diplomática de España en Saigón" [Decree 633/1964, of March 12, elevating the diplomatic representation of Spain in Saigon to an Embassy.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 October 2025.
  98. ^ "España cierra su Embajada en Yemen y se traslada a la delegación de la UE". Diario ABC (in Spanish). 2012-12-10. Retrieved 2025-10-11.
  99. ^ "España suspende de forma temporal la actividad de su embajada en Yemen". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 2015-02-14. Retrieved 2025-10-11.
  100. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (26 October 1968). "Decreto 2576/1968, de 17 de octubre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Aden" [Decree 2576/1968, of October 17, establishing the Embassy of Spain in Aden.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  101. ^ a b Ministry of Foreign Affairs (27 October 1969). "Decretos 2402/1969 y 2403/1969, de 16 de octubre, por el que se crean las Embajadas de España en Lusaka y Sanaa" [Decrees 2402/1969 and 2403/1969, of October 16, creating the Embassies of Spain in Lusaka and Sanaa.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  102. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (13 November 1980). "Real Decreto 2456/1980, de 7 de noviembre, por el que se crea, con carácter de residente, la Embajada de España en la República de Zimbabwe" [Royal Decree 2456/1980, of November 7, establishing the Embassy of Spain in the Republic of Zimbabwe with resident status.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  103. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1 January 1956). "Decreto de 23 de diciembre de 1955 por el que se crea la Representación Permanente de España en la Organización de las Naciones Unidas y Organos de la misma" [Decree of December 23, 1955, establishing the Permanent Representation of Spain to the United Nations and its Organs.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 October 2025.
  104. ^ "Representación: funciones e historia". www.exteriores.gob.es (in European Spanish). Archived from the original on 2025-06-13. Retrieved 2025-10-10.
  105. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (17 December 1977). "Real Decreto 3192/1977, 1 de diciembre, por el que se crea la Representación Permanente de España en el Consejo de Europa" [Royal Decree 3192/1977, of 1 December, establishing the Permanent Representation of Spain to the Council of Europe.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 October 2025.
  106. ^ Press, Europa (2021-07-17). "La Comunidad de Países de Lengua Portuguesa aprueba el ingreso de España como Estado observador asociado". COPE (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-10.
  107. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (8 August 1997). "Real Decreto 1271/1997, de 24 de julio, por el que se crea la Representación Permanente de España en la Organización para la Prohibición de las Armas Químicas con sede en La Haya" [Royal Decree 1271/1997, of July 24, establishing the Permanent Representation of Spain to the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, based in The Hague]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 October 2025.
  108. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (27 September 1995). "Real Decreto 1526/1995, de 15 de septiembre, por el que se crea la Representación Permanente de España ante la Organización para la Seguridad y la Cooperación en Europa, con sede en Viena" [Royal Decree 1526/1995, of September 15, establishing the Permanent Representation of Spain to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, with headquarters in Vienna]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 October 2025.
  109. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (21 August 1972). "Decreto 2184/1972, de 18 de agosto, por el que se crea la Representación Permanente de España ante la Organización de Estados Americanos" [Decree 2184/1972, of August 18, establishing the Permanent Representation of Spain to the Organization of American States.] (PDF). Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-10.
  110. ^ Press, Europa (2024-11-11). "El Gobierno nombra nuevos embajadores en misión especial para los países del Golfo Pérsico y Mantenimiento de la Paz". www.europapress.es. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  111. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation (25 June 2025). "Real Decreto 538/2025, de 24 de junio, por el que se designa Embajador en Misión Especial para Asuntos del Mediterráneo a don Juan Lugo Sanchiz". Official State Gazette. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  112. ^ Valdivia, Antonio Ruiz (2025-03-04). "Miriam Álvarez de la Rosa, nueva embajadora en Misión Especial para los Derechos Humanos". infoLibre (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  113. ^ Burgos, Diario de (2025-09-07). "El diplomático burgalés Jorge Mijangos, embajador para la Cooperación Iberoamericana". Diario de Burgos (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  114. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation (21 February 2024). "Real Decreto 190/2024, de 20 de febrero, por el que se designa Embajadora en Misión Especial para Asuntos Migratorios a doña María del Pilar Méndez Jiménez". Official State Gazette. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  115. ^ "Mencía Manso de Zúñiga, embajadora en Misión Especial para la Salud Global". Redacción Médica (in Spanish). 2025-10-02. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  116. ^ "El Gobierno nombra nuevos embajadores en Dinamarca, Uruguay y el Sahel". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 2025-01-21. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  117. ^ "El Gobierno permite a Exteriores nombrar nueva secretaria general técnica y cambiar cinco embajadores". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 2025-08-26. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  118. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation (12 June 2024). "Real Decreto 550/2024, de 11 de junio, por el que se designa Embajadora en Misión Especial para la Política Exterior Feminista a doña Ana María Alonso Giganto". Official State Gazette. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  119. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation (18 September 2024). "Real Decreto 929/2024, de 17 de septiembre, por el que se designa Embajadora en Misión Especial para Indo-Pacífico a doña María Elena Gómez Castro". Official State Gazette. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  120. ^ "El Gobierno aprueba el nombramiento del nuevo embajador en misión especial para la discapacidad | Líder en Información Social | Servimedia". www.servimedia.es (in Spanish). 2025-05-27. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  121. ^ Press, Europa (2025-09-23). "El Gobierno nombra nuevos embajadores en Egipto y Hungría, de donde sale el exministro Dastis". www.europapress.es. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
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